Chen Fuen, a native of Xincheng, Jiangxi Province, was originally a minister of punishments. In the first year of Xianfeng (1850), he was dismissed and remained in office because of his "misconduct". Later, he was called "taking care of the sick elderly" and was allowed to leave his post and go back to his mother's house to take care of him. In July of the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he donated money to pay for it. In September, the Taiping Army "disturbed Jiangxi" and was ordered to assist the regiment defense affairs. During his two-year mission, he led Yong Lian to defend Nanchang, the provincial capital, and learned about the encirclement of Nanchang, the provincial capital.
It can be seen from the law that the original intention of appointing two people to handle the group training and a local official to help the local officials with the group training is to make the local officials "familiar" with the terrain, customs and group training, so as to "make careful arrangements" and "unite the officials and the people". It is clearly stated in the imperial edict that it is "supporting local officials" and "integrating officials with the people".
Subsequently, in the second year of Xianfeng (1852), Zeng Guofan, a former assistant minister in Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, Zhou Tianjue, a former governor of water transport who had retired from official residence in northern Anhui Province, and Zou, a former governor of Guangxi who was dismissed because of the unfavorable rescue in the whole state, were appointed to help his colleagues with the anti-blocking work. Zeng Guofan is the most famous because of the rise of Xiang army.
Zeng Guofan's management of Yong has two remarkable characteristics: 1. Zeng Guofan's famous saying is: "Focus on the group, but not on practice".
He believes that Ying Yong's "Tuan" is actually Garbo's method: "Tuan and Garbo are different in name, but they are actually the same thing. Being close to others is the difference, that is, practicing skills, and leaving the team to prevent repression is group training; Those who don't practice skills and specialize in cleaning up traitors are called Jiabao. I don't know that when Wang was first founded, he was originally a militia and was still practicing. " "Qi Xin, together with the father and brother of the gens, is the son of the gens, being a good citizen of the gens and dealing with the bandits of the gens. If the bandits are exhausted, they will be kind to others and live in peace, so they are a group. " And "training" is the further development of Garbo's military function: "Building equipment, building flags, inviting teachers, choosing Ding Zhuang, meeting for a few days, or for a while in January, or building thick bunkers and getting together to set up cottages will all make a great difference."
2. On the basis of standardizing the existing Yong Tuan, cultivate a new army-Yong Tuan, which is different from the corrupt and useless green camp army. He led his troops to fight bravely and participated in the attack and defense interception of so-called "bandits" such as the Taiping Army Nianjun.
Zeng Guofan thinks that "Yong Tuan" can be divided into "Yong Tuan" and "Yong Lian". Tuanyong is an extraordinary armed group composed of able-bodied men from all townships. They watch each other and help each other. If there is police, they will keep watch and fight. Yong Lian is a permanent professional armed force, recruiting elites from all sides, training daily affairs, and sending guards to fight when there is police.
On the other hand, Zeng Guofan, as an imperial envoy and a squire, mobilized all the existing ones in his hometown to take part in the battle in the war of suppressing "bandits in eastern Guangxi" and rushing to help Nanchang, Jiangxi Province in the third year of Xianfeng (1852), and further United some green camp troops and newly recruited Yong, thus becoming the new army of Xiang Army.
Zeng Guofan himself denied that this new army was Yingyong. He clearly and accurately defined what he was doing as "Guan Yong": "I started the Youth League in Xianfeng in the second year, and made it clear at the first discount that I was practicing my courage for 1000 yuan, and the person I was doing was Guan Yong, not the Youth League."
After Zeng Guofan and others, until the eleventh year of Xianfeng (186 1), Emperor Xianfeng directly appointed 100 people to deal with Ying Yong. Later, some of these people were named "Yong Ying" and "Deputy Yong Ying", and some were directly named "Yong Ying Ministers". And because these people were appointed by the emperor, later generations used to call them "Yong ying ministers."
In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Tianjing in Jiangning, east of Wuhan, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, swept across the vast areas north and south of the Yangtze River. Emperor Xianfeng directly appointed 58 people to be in charge of the anti-Yong group, covering 9 provinces including Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Zhili, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian and Hunan.
The personnel assigned by Emperor Xianfeng to handle Yong Tuan this time have the following characteristics: 1. The personnel assigned to handle Yong Tuan prevention and suppression (according to the organizers marked in the table) are all court officials, including assistant ministers of various ministries, bachelor of cabinet, imperial censors, governors, deployment ambassadors, judges and magistrates. Among them, there are on-the-job and full-time jobs. On-the-job officials, such as Shangshu of Anhui Ministry of Industry and Assistant Minister Lu, and Xu Naizhao, a bachelor of cabinet, etc. Non-on-the-job officials, such as Shen Qi, who served as the imperial adviser of Zuodu before Jiangsu registered, and Sun Baoyuan, assistant minister of the Ministry of War before Zhili registered. Many non-active officials were appointed to carry out regiment training and suppression, and then they were awarded official positions and became active officials. This practice was inherited from the second year of Xianfeng (1852). When Beijing officials are ordered to supervise or assist a place to prevent and suppress Yingyong, they are often given local positions of real power. For example, Yuan Jiasan, appointed by the Ministry of Military Science, first appointed Lu as Anhui Road, then appointed Anhui deployment envoy (did not accept his words), and finally took Zuodu as an imperial envoy to command the military affairs in northern Anhui. The above-mentioned personnel should be "imperial envoys" because they are "imperial envoys".
2. The appointment of permanent personnel is not restricted by the "avoidance law". According to the system of appointing officials by civil servants in Qing dynasty, seven items must be verified to fill the vacancy. Among them, the "secret avoidance" stipulates that the Ministry of Housing 14, the Ministry of Punishment 17, the Ministry of Suggestion 15, and the Governor-General to Zuoza must avoid their native places to prevent collusion between officials and businessmen, power fraud and control of one party. On the contrary, the purpose of appointing Ying Yong personnel this time is to "return to their original places" and "handle or supervise Ying Yong's prevention and suppression"
3. Except that the decree appointing Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Punishment Lu and others to go back to Anhui to run the regiment was to "cooperate" with the Anhui Governor to handle the military affairs of Yong Ying, and the decree appointing former Zuo Du Yushi Shen Qi and others to run the regiment in Jiangsu was to "invite gentlemen to run with local officials", there was no word "help local officials" in the decree appointing Yong Ying personnel.
4. Important provinces such as Anhui, which are "close to thieves", have designated organizers and branch personnel respectively. Organizers may invite people with local talents to help, or invite "civil and military personnel to send them with the capital", which is allowed, or it may be adjusted according to the performance.
In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the personnel appointed by Emperor Xianfeng to handle Yong ying, especially the organizers, did not have the official name and appointment of Yong ying ministers, but they not only had the authority and responsibility to "supervise" or "handle" the prevention and suppression of Yong ying in a certain province, but also had the status of imperial envoys, so they could be called "Yong ying ministers". In fact, people have long called them that. For example, the gentry in Tongcheng called Lu "an imperial envoy for group training". Moreover, the organizer invited local people in Beijing to help at any time, or invited "mobilizing civil and military personnel to send money to each other" and got the approval of Emperor Xianfeng, thus appointing the organizer, branch office staff, deputy office staff and those who obeyed the entrustment for the first time in Anhui.
In the first month of the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Lu, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, and Zhou Tianjue, the former governor of water transport who had been training in northern Anhui, were ordered to preside over the training of the anti-Anhui regiment. These two are equivalent to the ministers of Yingyong in the minds of Anhui people. Lu, in particular, was called Anhui Minister at that time and later generations.
After arriving in Anhui in February, the staff of the branch office included Pan En, the former governor of Jiangnan appointed by Emperor Xianfeng, who was ordered to return to his hometown to specialize in the donation of regional affairs in Taiping Prefecture in southern Anhui. In April, Lu invited Yuan Jiasan (then a military adviser appointed by the imperial court) and (then a local official left by Chaozhou Prefecture in Guangdong Province) to carry out the order together. The former went to Fengyang, and the latter went to Anqing, Anhui, to be responsible for the prevention and suppression of Yingyong in northern Anhui and central Anhui respectively.
The representative figures are Li Hongzhang, a bachelor of Hui people's Hanlin Academy, Sun Jiatai, a minister of punishments, Zhu, an alternate master, Wu Pin martial artist, and Xu Qishan, a former Donghe bachelor who was ordered by Xianfeng to "follow the road" when he transferred to Anhui.
When Zhou Tianjue was ordered to prepare for the suppression of the Communist Party (the first month), Emperor Xianfeng invited eight civil and military officials, including Li Anzhong, the overseer of Huaibei in the south of the Yangtze River, and Lin Dequan, the alternate magistrate of Suqian County, Jiangsu Province, to go to the Anhui military camp as soon as possible.
In addition, 1 1 month, Emperor Xianfeng allowed Li Wenan, the father of Li Hongzhang, the punishments, to return to China, and at the same time ordered imperial academy, the son of Lu, to read Lu to help thieves. At that time, Lu had died in Shucheng. Li Wenan died of drinking too much soon after organizing the trip.
In fact, in the third year of Xianfeng (1853), although many people were entrusted to handle Anhui affairs, led by Lu and Zhou Tianjue, they were also divided into presiding, sub-office, deputy office and waiting committee, but these people did not form a whole, nor did they form a unified leader or a unified team to handle Anhui affairs, and they basically went their own way. Among them, there are the following.
The first one is Lu-although he returned to his hometown, he did not return to his hometown for field training.
Lu's hometown is Jingde County, Ningguo Prefecture in southern Anhui. As the organizer of Anhui Yong Tuan prevention and suppression, although he returned to his hometown in Anhui, he did not return to his hometown in Jingde, southern Anhui to deal with Yong Tuan in his hometown. But in the third year of Xianfeng (1853), he was stationed in Suzhou, an important town in northern Anhui, and was ordered to deal with the "prevention and suppression matters" in Anhui together with Governor Jiang and former Governor Zhou Tianjue of Guangxi.
The second category is Li Hongzhang, Sun Jiatai, Zhao Tuan and Pan. They went back to their hometown for training.
The focus of all Li Hongzhang's actions is to gather and lead the brave to fight and participate in the offensive and defensive military. Paine and others often use the people for personal gain and the Youth League to protect themselves or develop their own power. When you really need to go to war, you will "escape" or "hide from illness".
The third is Zhou Tianjue and Yuan Jiasan, who mainly took the courage to prevent and suppress, and actually became the commander-in-chief of the overall military affairs.
Zhou Tianjue, Yuan Jiasan and others who were ordered to deal with the prevention and suppression of Yingyong in northern Anhui were not from Anhui. The reason why they are appointed is not completely different from the idea of appointing local people to practice medicine in their own country, because the former has lived in northern Anhui for a long time; The latter is from Xiangcheng, Henan Province, and is a close neighbor of northern Anhui, which is not much different from the situation in northern Anhui. It may also be because the whole of northern Anhui suffered from the war of the Nien army; All grass-roots social entities in northern Anhui have clear camps for big names, big families, regiments or organizations of the Nian Army. After all, Zhou and Yuan are not from Anhui, so it is impossible and unnecessary to run their own Yong ying in the local area. Therefore, the focus of Yong ying and prevention and suppression is prevention and suppression, which forms the characteristics of such Yong ying personnel.
1, Zhou Tianjue, Yuan Jiasan's first duty is to prevent military affairs.
Both of them resigned from local political posts such as Anhui Governor and Anhui Buzheng Ambassador and devoted themselves to the prevention and suppression on the grounds that "the fight against bandits was just tight, but one job was limited, and the fight against bandits turned to fear and delay". Among them, Yuan Jiasan went to northern Anhui in April of the third year of Xianfeng (1853) and returned to his hometown due to illness in July of the first year of Tongzhi (1862). Except for a few short months in Beijing, he has been calling on soldiers to be brave and "prevent and suppress" Henan in northern Anhui for nearly 10 years, and was finally supervised by an imperial minister.
2. Unlike Lu, Zhou Tianjue and Yuan Jiasan have mastered an armed force with "courage" as the mainstay.
As mentioned above, Zhou Tianjue was ordered to handle the prevention and suppression of Anhui Youth League Training at the end of the second year of Xianfeng (1852). In the first month of the third year of Xianfeng (1853), the Yong Yong Charter written by Zang Youqing, a general of Brigadier General Suqian, was played, "connecting Lu Yu, northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu" and "following it", which mobilized the Yong Yong of all the regiments and directly mastered it. At the same time, Zhuang Yong was recruited in Suzhou and other places, and 1200 Lao Niu troops were recruited to form a well-trained, Zhuang Yong and Lao Niu armed force. According to the idea of "low militarization" of grass-roots society, this armed force should be temporary and disbanded as soon as the war is over. It is recorded that "after being laid off, there are only a hundred people left in Zhou Tianjue's Qiang Yong, which is not enough for deployment". Zhou Tianjue did suffer for this. He even asked for advice for "courage and dismissal" and "self-dismissal". Because of repeated layoffs, he once "responded" to attack and suppress, and "only led 200 troops." However, it can be seen from the subsequent developments that the Qing rulers' attack and suppression in northern Anhui was increasingly inseparable from this armed force, and Zhou Tianjue's cronies became the main force of "one hundred or one thousand people, forming a team of their own" and "whoever pays attention, that is, leading troops to prevent and suppress". Emperor Xianfeng also pointed out many times: "As far as I know, only this assistant minister (Zhou Tianjue) can run a thief party." "The strength of Anhui Province is still single, and it is difficult for other provinces to recruit, but Zhou Tianjue's soldiers can be brave and slow, and they can't be anxious."
In April of the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Yuan Jiasan, an engineer, came to the north of Anhui to help the Yong Tuan to prevent and suppress. At that time, Zhou Tianjue was over 80 years old. In September of that year, he died in Bozhou Wang Market Army and ordered Yuan Jia to lead the people for three generations. From then on, Yuan Jiasan became the organizer of preventing and suppressing Yong Lian in northern Anhui. When Yuan Jiasan arrived at Wang Market, he joined Sunjiadian, because "the soldiers and the brave have dispersed, and the people have no solid ambition". Yuan Jiasan "scattered the brave, crushed the township group, and sent guerrilla Zhu Liantai and others to attack the thief's high arch temple, which was greatly broken." I actually mastered this armed force that originally belonged to Sunday, mainly to practice bravery, courage and old twist. Later, he constantly mobilized and improved his courage in the battle, enriched and expanded his courage, and even ordered his eldest son, the Hanlin Academy, to edit the Yuan Baoheng, and brought the 3,000-strong courage that his father and son gained in their hometown in Henan into the army, becoming the backbone of this armed force.
3. Zhou Tianjue and Yuan Jiasan, as the imperial envoys of the anti-suppression regimental training in northern Anhui, can not only mobilize the regimental training, but also give orders to officers and men, and also command the anti-blocking and attack.
Yuan Jiasan can also command all military forces in the upper political structure, unify commanders and regiments, and coordinate all military affairs.
Yuan Jiasan can impeach officials at all levels who fail to prevent and stop them. For example, the impeachment of Shu Xing 'a "helped the soldiers to sit back and watch, causing the fall of Luzhou", so that Shu Xing 'a was dismissed; Impeachment nurse Feng Ludao Li Cheng is "smart, greedy and notorious", so please fire him and ask for information.
Four weeks later, Tianjue and Yuan Jiasan, especially Yuan Jiasan, showed signs of power expansion in northern Anhui.
Yuan Jiasan often crossed the top hat and told Emperor Xianfeng what to do and how to prevent it. Sometimes he refused to obey orders from Emperor Xianfeng.
For example, the Taiping Army connects Jixian Pass, Tongcheng and Shucheng, with its head pointing to Luzhou House, which has become the capital of Anhui after the fall of Anqing. Emperor Xianfeng ordered Yuan Jiasan to move from Yingzhou to Tongcheng to save Luzhou. Yuan Gusan refused to be ordered, under the pretext of "twisting Zhang Mao between Huai and Meng, calling it the pseudo-king of Xihuai and spying on Lu County. If you don't go to the governor's office, people's hearts will be shaken. You go to Mongolia and Boge counties to support and listen to the alarm. "
For another example, after the Nian army occupied Yongcheng, Yuan Jiasan said: Nian army will flee from Yongcheng to Suzhou, and Xuzhou is an important grain-producing area, so it is urgent to guard against it. Emperor Xianfeng ordered him to "spy on the thief and stop him head-on." Yuan Jiasan chased Xiao County, but he changed his mind. He also said: thieves and bandits are rampant, and soldiers in Xuzhou town are brave enough to suppress bandits. "I should go back to Suzhou and strictly stop the bandits in the south road." Then, without waiting for an order, he left with his troops. Emperor Xianfeng was extremely annoyed. Anhui Governor, the highest local official, ranks with Ji Chun and Fujiji Yuan Jiasan as "guarding the Huaihe River, whitewashing the military situation, arbitrarily deducting the soldier's salary and selling it at the expense of himself".
If it is the enemy's situation at present and Emperor Xianfeng can tolerate these things, what Emperor Xianfeng can't tolerate most is that Yuan Jiasan wants to decide the personnel arrangement of local officials in northern Anhui without authorization. He kindly asked Guo, the magistrate of Suzhou, to fill the vacancy, handle military affairs and let Wang Qixiu succeed him. Emperor Xianfeng ordered him to "fight He Shen and Fuji". But he didn't care about He Shen and Fuji at all, let alone negotiate with them, and talked repeatedly by himself. Emperor Xianfeng said angrily, I'm going to see the governor and preach the pastoral order. It's not that Yuan Jiasan and Wen Ju are not allowed to break up. Yuan Jiasan only said that it was a business trip back and forth, but he still didn't play with the topic. "Yuan Jiasan wrote an application for imperial edict, and he is still cooking with Fu, Chun and Yuan Jiasan."
Yuan Jiasan had the power to kill Nie Jun and others more naturally in his "counter-suppression" area. This is exactly the same as his predecessor Zhou Tianjue. When Zhou Tianjue was in Suzhou, he "killed people to stop the chaos, the river was red and the road was broken, the jackals hated meat, all trees hung down the shore, all trees hung their heads, and the mules and horses turned back." Emperor Xianfeng had to carefully send a message to Zhou Tianjue: "Don't move the capital punishment, for fear of distracting people, it is enough to summon chaos", which made him more cautious. Yuan Jiasan, on the other hand, has no scruples. After he broke through Linhuai Pass, on the grounds of "long-term resistance to Japanese aggression", he ordered to punish all Nianjun who were under 70 and over 65, 438+05. Thousands of fallen Nianjun "have nothing to lose". After leaving Fengyang, Yuan Jiasan set up seven camps outside the city to drive away thieves from the two cities. More than 300 people who chose to be particularly fierce were punished and the rest were dismissed. " Wait a minute.
In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), due to the special position of "enemy", Anhui attached great importance to the management of personnel and affairs, but the overall effect was still unsatisfactory. In other areas, there are many non-working people who are ordered to apply for the exam, and there are fewer on-the-job returnees; In the specific implementation of the league, there are more general calls and less strict control, and the effect is even more unpredictable.
In the sixth and seventh years of Xianfeng (1856, 1857), Emperor Xianfeng directly appointed personnel for the second time to prevent and suppress the disaster.
The personnel responsible for regiment training and suppression are mainly concentrated in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, which are most affected by the war. Except for two people who are "experienced and have capital" and declare that they can't help in the future, the personnel assigned to handle the anti-suppression regiment training are all current or "retired" (still in office) non-local officials.
It is worth noting that, in addition to full-time staff, officials at all levels are also required to join the Yong ying organization, and on the basis of the original bureaucratic system, the overall organization of Yong ying has been established. For example, in Anhui, the highest-ranking governors are Fu Ji, the current governor, and Zhang Fu, the retired governor, who are responsible for the organization and training of northern Anhui, central Anhui and southern Anhui respectively; On the second floor, the current provincial judges, the current Lu Daoguan and the current Huining Daoguan were all awarded the title of "Duyong Ying", and the Yong Ying of Anlu Liuchu, Five Blessingg Fufu, Sisanfu Fufu and Huining Five Blessingg Fufu were inspected separately. On the third level, the current magistrate and Zhili were awarded the title of "Deputy Yong Ying" to supervise the Yong Ying of all subordinates; The lowest level is the current prefectures and counties, each in charge of its own Yong Tuan, and those with outstanding achievements are awarded the title of "Quasi-Yong Tuan".
It can be seen that the policy of the Qing rulers seems to have turned back, from starting a business to training local officials who are on-the-job and off-the-job, and then training local officials who are not local. The reason is that in the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the courtiers reviewed the situation of organizing group tours in recent years.
Citing the ancient system, they listed that in the Tang Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, permanent envoys had been set up, with the big ones leading ten states and the small ones leading three or five states. When they were in charge of the clan, they ordered the secretariat to take permanent envoys. In the Song Dynasty, the country's ambassador Yong Lian was set up; The yuan dynasty set up a group to train and appease pro-agricultural envoys; In the Ming Dynasty, regimental training was set up to divide and rule military tactics, and it was put forward that "instead of setting up another official, it is better to imitate the regimental training system in the Tang Dynasty", so that the prefect Zhili and the public can also handle regimental training. As far as judges are concerned, the Ming Dynasty was originally divided into unified compilation and errand service, but today it should still be a combination of unified compilation and errand service. "Please according to examine ministers and Taoist priests and overseers, magistrate and overseers, and command the strength of the counties. It has a vast territory, and according to the inspection history, it is allowed to increase the number of third-and fourth-level officials to supervise the regiment. The defense rate of the troops is a test. " "The additional members either require simplification or ensure that the governor is on the stage for appointment, each with an official title and training supervisors in groups." At the same time, the rectification regulations were put forward. Among them, there is a county near the thief, which is divided into two parts: upward rush and downward rush. Those who rushed up, the nearby barracks were guarded by the battalion headquarters, that is, under the control of the department, no other generals were sent to be responsible. If there is a conflict between thieves and soldiers, the minister of unified armies still needs to send troops to rescue them. Those who rush in for the second time will be trained by the township soldiers to cooperate with the camp to defend the flood season, so as to save troops and avoid trouble. The newly recovered counties and cities are ruined, and the people migrate and have nothing to rely on. Yong ying should be established in nearby counties or villages with perfect conditions, and then be recruited into exile and gradually implemented. Local officials still recommend a just man as the head of the team, and those who make meritorious deeds will be awarded prizes.
1. Instruct all prefectures and counties to handle the training with the camp. Supervise the patrol review of the members of the Yong Tuan and the Deputy Yong Tuan, and admonish and punish them respectively.
As soon as I saw Ying Yong, I rushed to the prefectures and counties, and I was informed that the miscellaneous factions in the transportation department would be exempted ... This party donated it for its own use only ... All localities instructed the prefectures and counties to catch spies and enforce the law immediately after the trial. Traitors who steal gunpowder and rice to help the thief camp, brave people who harass good citizens, and bandits who rob and commit crimes are immediately executed.
1. Anyone who camps in the middle of the division and is a member of the Yong regiment should be asked to take charge of various places, and the governor should be asked to make it clear according to the situation. Those who have made meritorious service in this county and have been promoted to magistrate or Zhili government are allowed to be deputy regimental officers to show their Excellence and ability.
A teacher's way is also a group training, which is assigned by a nearby military camp or the governor of this province for military training so as to patrol and guard, and will be abolished as appropriate after the military affairs are completed. There is no need to set a quota for this military training.
Each state and county should always have its own responsibility, which is beyond its authority. Please choose carefully, obey the governor's order and keep it according to the facts. The emperor can reward and punish anyone who rushes around the land for one year, regardless of their qualifications. Wait a minute.
Emperor Xianfeng thought that "if the anti-bandits are wandering, the officers and men are diligent and the regiment training is effective, then people will fight by themselves and defend themselves at home". The above-mentioned military ministers and others discussed that "the anti-suppression machine is very important". He hit the nail on the head and pointed out that this is actually "suppressing the people to help the soldiers and blocking the people to suppress them", but "the law of controlling thieves is not good at this." He emphasized: "Zhouzhi County is an official who is close to the people, and the group training started in Zhouzhi County, and the people turned their backs to the DPRK, depending on the virtuous and foolish people in Zhouzhou County ..." However, to practice group training, it is still necessary to "strictly protect the armor first". He promised: "If the members and members of the gentry and those who are the general leaders of the League can handle it according to their strength, make effective efforts, and let the governor guarantee it according to the facts, I will definitely give it to Enshi."
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Jiangnan camp was completely shattered. Emperor Xianfeng had no soldiers and no pay, so he was in a hurry. Ying Yong's armed forces became his lifeline. He ordered Shengbao to supervise the township groups in northern Anhui and other places, and set down the articles of association, which all counties and counties should abide by. Furthermore, it is said that "gentlemen registered in various provinces, in addition to group training, have many people who know righteousness and are upright by law." All officials, large and small, in Beijing Zhili, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan and other provinces will tell us how to hold a township group to accompany the officers and men to fight thieves and defend themselves. " Officials, large and small, followed the imperial edict and issued statements one after another, summing up the experience of organizing the League, and proposing to submit the articles of association of organizing the League.
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Emperor Xianfeng sent people directly to the local area for the third time.
There are two ways to directly appoint local delegation members this time: 1. Most provinces appoint local officials (officials who have returned to China or have lived in China) to preside over the activities. Here, the official position of "Minister Ying Yong" was officially introduced-called "Minister Ying Yong supervised by a certain place". Co-organizers are mainly current local officials (non-locals). Another staff member was sent to wait for the Committee. For example, Jiangsu. Yan Duanshu, a native of Dali Temple in Jiangsu Province, is the "Minister of Yong Lian, Governor of Jiangbei"; Pang Zhonglu, a bachelor of Jiangsu Cabinet, is the "Minister of Yong Lian Supervision in Jiangnan". Wu Tang of Huai Xu Lu, Jiangsu Province, is now helping to organize training in Jiangbei. At present, Jiangsu judge Tang is helping Jiangnan Tuan Yong; Wu, the current special envoy for Jiangsu deployment, assists in organizing Jiangsu group training (all the above personnel are not Jiangsu nationals). The members awaiting trial are Shen Xiqing, a Jiangsu native who is currently edited by the Hanlin Academy, Li Rujun, the current director of the Criminal Department, and Zhu, a non-Jiangsu native who is currently in Huaiyang Road, Jiangsu Province.
2. A few provinces still appoint the current local governor (non-local) as the host, not the "Yong Yong Ying Minister", but let him "supervise" all Yong Yong Ying affairs in a certain place. Co-organizers are mainly local officials (returning home or staying at home), but also local officials with lower levels. For example, Gansu. He is currently the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, Le Bin, who is in charge of Yong Lian in Gansu Province. These representatives are Wu, a Jiangxi native and a member of Ding You Criminal Investigation Bureau, and Xiao, a non-Gansu official at Ganliang Road.
The principle followed by this large-scale dispatch of mission personnel is roughly a compromise between the principles of the first and second large-scale dispatch of mission personnel. There are many and miscellaneous dispatched personnel, and all kinds of personnel are rigid or mechanical, and act according to their own guiding ideology. In fact, the situation of organizing task training is more chaotic and complicated.
Therefore, it is recorded in the Chronicle of Donghua that in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (186 1), ministers at home and abroad exchanged views: "The establishment of township groups was originally based on the people's strength to ensure the people's wealth." If we can unite as one, we can unite as one, that is, command it through promotion, tribute, birth and supervision. "It is necessary to use big staff tube, deputy secretary of the points. It would be troublesome to have a governor in addition to the governor and a family at home. " Since the Youth League was founded in Henan last year, there have been four ministers from various provinces. Although Sichuan and Zhejiang were abolished immediately, Zhili, Shandong, Jiangnan and Jiangbei were still handled by Minister Ying Yong. Ying Yong's ministers and deputies "practice favoritism and malpractice, make things difficult in every way, or force counties to supply them, or give people money and things indiscriminately, or donate money outside the official donation bureau, or draw Li Jin outside the official donation bureau." Moreover, "since last year, there has been no report that a minister Ying Yong has recovered a state and a county in the township groups run by Jiangbei and Jiangnan, which only stirs up the world, which is useless and harmful." They advocated that "minister Ying Yong should be abolished separately" and that "all provinces, counties and counties should stop running leagues to protect the people's industry; Those who approach thieves are still responsible for effectively organizing groups by local officials. The governor of this province always wins, and businessmen can avoid harassment. "
In the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1), in April, the left deputy Duwang of Duchayuan was ordered to help the governor of Zhejiang to run Yong ying, saying that the Yong ying of Zhejiang governor was supervised by the current governor and had no articles of association. Personal relatives, old friends, sworn teachers and students, such as Zhang Jingqu, the sycophantic Taoist priest, Sun Shida, and Gan, were put into important positions, so that civil and military officials rushed to visit the house and the discussion was boiling. Zhang He and others took advantage of the situation to solve their grievances, while many gentry and rich families were slandered, so that they hesitated when it came to local affairs. Duan Guangqing was sent to Shaoxing to organize a delegation, but he didn't know that he would see Wang again. Gentlemen who travel around the group are also allowed to listen to Zhang Jingqu and others. "Mu Donation", a special fund for Yong Tuan, was stopped by Zhang Jingqu without authorization, and all donations from eastern Zhejiang were saved, so there was no fund for group defense. In the first month of this year, Shao County Donation and Construction Bureau was transferred to local officials, and Zhang Jingqu and the magistrate Huaiqing were ordered to donate for Huiji households. Members will pass the donation to the donors, and the donation will be doubled according to the previous year's donation. Zhang Cunhao, a staff member, and Hu Shouyi, a health worker, were detained after a moment's hesitation. They wanted flail staff and brought donors to the front of the army as leaders. Staff Li and Juren Chen Gui threatened to donate books to sell agricultural products. The donor Chen Yingsheng moved away on a business trip, and Taoist priests and others seized the houses and farmland in Jixian County, which was similar to the record. Shi was killed by an arrow when he took the initiative, and the officers were sent into the inner room to demand disturbance, causing a major earthquake in urban and rural areas. The problem of river defense has been ignored. ...
Emperor Xianfeng could only sigh helplessly: because the military affairs in the provinces were not completed, the minister in charge of the regiment urged the militia to help the troops. He also ordered the governor of Zhejiang to practice Yong ying, with Wang, the left deputy governor of Douchayuan, as the assistant. The first paragraph is the integration of officials and gentry to achieve the effect of unity. But recently, such as, Wang, Qing Sheng, Du, etc. , each have their own views, mutual suspicion, has lost the meaning of harmony among ministers. ...
Zeng Guofan was well versed in Emperor Xianfeng's mind and lost no time in playing with it. He said, "I can only guard against thousands of bandits, but I can't guard against tens of thousands of thieves." Too much rations is equal to the price of courage, and Yong ying has become an empty name; If it is too little, it is very different from the price of military courage, and there is no strength. Its "if the funds of the Union Bureau are donated to the four, it will hinder the governor's way of making money. If he tries to escape from the four laws, he will be caught off guard, and his power is neither exclusive nor rigid." He tactfully pointed out: Yan Duanshu, the minister of Jiangbei Youth League Training, "built a city to protect himself without setting up a reimbursement bureau"; Pang Zhonglu, Minister of the Training Department of Jiangnan, "urged the villagers to know that they are United enemies and should be handled carefully". However, "at present, the potential of thieves is absolutely beyond the power of Yong Lian. Once the thief is a little weak and accomplished, we will hold the Yong Lian (according to Zeng Guofan, the so-called "Yong Lian" actually means "Jiabao") and do our best. " "Yan Duan book PangZhong provoke qing. Elegant hope, as the most suitable. Please remove Ying Yongxin's envoy and return to Beijing.
Subsequently, decrees were issued to abolish Yingyong ministers from other provinces and take over Yingyong affairs by current local officials. For example, "Minister Rong of Zhili Province returned to Beijing to take office and instructed to properly handle matters; After Liu Yi, minister of Jiangxi Yingyong, took his clothes to Beijing for temporary use, he instructed Jiangxi Yingyong to properly handle all matters with provincial officials and teachers. Second, if the kyou-kan of the two provinces borrows words to return to China and is sponsored by the local governor, they should check their titles with the government offices of various ministries and colleges, and ask Yu Wen and Yu to withdraw their league names and make them work in Beijing. [66] In this regard, Emperor Xianfeng made a special explanation, acknowledging that "the ministers who handled Yong Ying were accompanied by many members and harassed at will, which was nominally harmful and useless, so they were abolished one after another. "
In the second year of Tongzhi (1863), the last batch of ministers of Yingyong, such as Mao Changxi of Henan Province, were abolished. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), it was only three years since the third large-scale direct faction of Emperor Xianfeng. In these three years, the negative role of Minister Ying Yong has been constantly exposed. When Mao Yunxi, the former model minister of the Permanent Mission, was abolished, Xianfeng said: When the investigation team moved, the township first United as a group, and then the group became a practice. The land is vast and the people are numerous, and the good and the bad are mixed. The unscrupulous colonel is a bit arrogant, and the gentleman who undertakes the group training can't stop the delay at any time, so he can't lose his tail. Its Henan Yong Tuan is managed by Mao Yunxi, assistant minister, who is responsible for the local security and schedule of Tong Province. However, officials are responsible for every training, so local officials are useless in name only. Now that the thief is getting worse, you should ask Kun to order Mao Xixi to go back to Beijing to handle affairs, and the Yong Ying Club will be unified into local officials, managers and powers according to Zhili Shandong.
From then on, Minister Ying Yong in the late Qing Dynasty was a flash in the pan and withdrew from the historical stage.