It takes ten years for trees to grow tall and a hundred years for talents to mature ―― it takes a long time to cultivate people.
Hinian Schumer, Bignian Shulun
[Explanation] Tree: cultivate, cultivate. Metaphor training talents is a long-term solution. It also means that it is not easy to train talents.
[Source] "Pipe Total Repair": "A year's plan is like a tree valley; The ten-year plan is nothing more than a tree; A lifelong plan is nothing more than a tree. "
Westerners all know that it is necessary to train talents well.
People ~ Guan Zi China's works of Guan Zhong, a statesman and thinker of Qi State, during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC ~ 476 BC). It was written in the Warring States Period (475-22 BC1). When Liu Xiang compiled Guanzi, there were 86 articles, 76 of which were in this edition, and the rest 10 were only in the catalogue.
There are 76 articles in Guanzi, which are divided into 8 categories: 9 articles with fine words, 8 articles with foreign words, 7 articles with internal words, 5 articles with regional dialects, 5 articles with essays 10, 4 articles with Guan Zi Jie, and the lightness of Guan Zi. The "Mountain High" and "Riding a Horse" in Han Feizi, New Book and Historical Records cited by herder Guan Jiayi are regarded as Guan Zhong's legacy by academic circles. Li Zheng, Children's Palace, Yan Shu, Dakuang, Zhongkuang, Xiaokuang, Shuidi, etc. It is considered by academic circles to be a work describing Guan Zhong's words and deeds. Up and down mind, white heart, internal strength, etc. The formation of another system is regarded by Guan Zhong School and Qi Legalists as the development and development of Guan Zhong's thought, and some people in academic circles think it is the legacy of Song Shuo and Qi Legalists.
Land and water put forward the view that water is the source of all things. Some people in academic circles think that this is Guan Zhong's thought, while others think that this is Xia Ji's materialism.
Heart Sutra, White Heart Sutra and Internal Strength put forward the simple materialistic essence theory that essence is the source of everything, holding that everything and people are born of essence; Essence is a kind of essence. As the saying goes, "the essence of everything is a lifetime, the next generation is a grain, and the last generation is a star", "essence is also the essence of qi". The article also talks about "Tao" and thinks that Tao is "empty and intangible" and cannot be directly perceived by the senses. Mouth can't talk, eyes can't see, ears can't hear. The relationship between Tao and essence is not clear.
Guanzhong school believes that essence is the smallest particle that constitutes all things, the entity that constitutes the infinite universe, and shows the materiality of the world.
Guanzi simply solves the relationship between matter and spirit in the direction of materialism, and holds that conscious people are generated by essence. He said that "man is born out of the essence of heaven and the shape of the earth, which means that life is harmonious, but not harmonious", and that "life is thought, thought is knowledge, and knowledge is the end". This is to put the material first.
Guanzi does not deny ghosts and gods, but thinks that ghosts and gods are also produced by essence. It is said that the essence "flows between heaven and earth and is called a ghost." Treating ghosts and gods as ordinary things and denying their supernatural existence embodies materialistic pantheism.
Guanzi holds that the object of cognition exists outside the subject of cognition. It says, "Everyone wants to know, but he doesn't ask what he knows. What he knows, what he knows, is also true.". It is also believed that the subject should abandon subjective assumptions and take foreign objects as the basis of understanding to reflect the real situation of foreign objects. It calls this method of understanding "the way of static cause", and says: "If you have a way, if you don't know, you will react by accident, and the way of static cause is also". This belongs to epistemology materialism.
The essence theory in Guanzi is of great significance in the history of China's materialist view of the world, and has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's materialism. Later materialist philosophers such as Wang Chong and Liu Zongyuan were all influenced by it.