1, Hemingway: I can't get rid of the trap of depression.
Hemingway, a famous American writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 with his novella The Old Man and the Sea. His life experience is not as full of romance and passion as outsiders imagine, on the contrary, it is full of tension and pressure, and even his heart is often experiencing severe pain and complex changes. He tried to get rid of depression and depression in various ways, such as constantly traveling and taking risks, and constantly seeking all kinds of exciting life. Hemingway always wanted to live physically, but he longed for death psychologically.
You destroy him as much as possible, but you can't beat him. This is the inner monologue of the old man in the novel and a portrayal of Hemingway's life. Depression, like an inextricable snare, tightly entangled the literary master.
In order to get rid of anxiety and depression, Hemingway has been constantly seeking female and spiritual stimulation. He has had sex with many women, been married many times and moved many times. From red wine to whisky, and finally to vodka, but it still didn't help. He is like a prey chased by a fierce eagle, cornered and nowhere to hide. 196 1 one day in the summer of, he finally ended his tenacious life with a bullet.
This year, Hemingway was 62 years old.
2. Van Gogh: The tragic painter died sadly.
Among the great painters of the19th century, the value of Van Gogh was underestimated at that time. Although he later became the most famous painter, and a painting could fetch 82.5 million dollars, he was the most backward artist at that time. He is as poor as a church mouse and has been living on his merchant brother.
The poverty of life, the frustration of feelings and the injustice of fate all made Van Gogh more and more unhappy. He often chose to torture himself in some self-harm ways. 1888 12.23, Van Gogh cut a piece of meat from his ear with a razor, wrapped it in a newspaper and took it to a brothel after a fierce argument with Gao Gen, president of the French artists association in Aalcheng. This was the first time that Van Gogh presented it to people in a radical way, but in fact, his depression was already very serious.
1February, 889, Van Gogh was discharged from the hospital for only one month because of an ear injury. While walking in an exit of the hospital, he suddenly picked up a bottle full of turpentine and drank more than a liter of turpentine. This is the first time he tried to commit suicide. After that, Van Gogh often had some behaviors that upset his friends and relatives. Obviously, this is caused by excessive mental burden.
Finally, on July 27th, 1890, Van Gogh walked into a farmer's grange with a pistol. Instead of aiming a revolver at his head or heart, he shot at his lower abdomen. Then he trudged back to his room. It was already two days later in the morning when I found it.
The talented painter died at the age of 37.
Cui Yongyuan admitted that he had suffered from depression.
"Eight years of the Anti-Japanese War refers to the time of the whole nation's anti-Japanese War, 14 plus the history of the Northeast Volunteers and the anti-Japanese Coalition forces. These two formulations do not conflict. " After Cui Yongyuan released My Anti-Japanese War, Cui Yongyuan gave a high-profile interview. In response to the netizen's question "200 1 You got depression and recovered after 2006. What was your biggest pressure at that time? " Can you explain to us the situation at that time? "Cui Yongyuan replied," I got depressed in 2002 and recovered in 2004. This statement will prevail in the future. " (Excerpted from: Information Times)
Most people like sad autumn, and many people are a little depressed. There are many cases of death caused by depression in real life, and nip in the bud is fundamental. Here, Bian Xiao takes you to take stock of Chinese and foreign celebrities suffering from depression, which has caused great pain to their hearts.
The mystery of Sanmao's suicide
1990 65438+On February 4th, Sanmao's endometrial hypertrophy was found in the hospital, and her mother was worried that it might be a cancer phenomenon. Sanmao was arranged to be hospitalized in veterans general hospital for examination. 199 1 year 65438+1October 2, Sanmao was admitted to Rongzong, where she was examined, treated and operated by a gynecologist. No cancer was found after the operation. Because Sanmao had suffered from severe insomnia, auditory hallucination and mental disorder (hysteria), the hospital arranged for a thorough examination of her mental symptoms on June+10/0.4, 5438. 65438+1At 9 o'clock on October 3, while her family was still around, she took sleeping pills given by the nurse. 10: 50, the family left the ward and repeatedly told Sanmao to have a good rest. 65438+1In the early morning of October 4th, Sanmao was found hanged in the hospital.
Writer Xu Chi committed suicide due to depression.
19 years old, Xu Chi published a collection of poems in "Shanghai Modern", and at the age of 22, he published a collection of poems "The Twenty-year-old Man", which caused a sensation in the literary world. 198 1 year-old, published the famous Goldbach conjecture in People's Literature.
However, after a series of blows, such as the death of his beloved wife Vae and the breakdown of his second marriage, Xu Chi, who was enthusiastic, persistent and helpful, began to become withdrawn and silent. In addition to talking to three or four people, she stayed at home, thinking alone with the door closed, and getting farther and farther away from her family. Later, we simply implemented the four noes policy: no reading newspapers, no watching TV, no going downstairs and no receiving guests.
When he is worried, he will feel sorry for himself, bow his head and sigh, and even live in fear. He sometimes confides his loneliness and loneliness to his friends, and even thinks about suicide. At this point, his symptoms have fully met the diagnostic criteria of depression, and psychiatric intervention is imminent, but no one around him is aware of this. He was lonely, helpless and exhausted, and finally a man quietly went to the kingdom of the soul.
Wang Guowei died of depression?
The death of Wang Guowei has always been a great mystery in the modern cultural history of China. There are different opinions about the cause of his death, such as double suicide, forced debt, fear, cultural martyrdom and so on.
Scholar Chen Mingyuan said in his blog that after repeatedly verifying historical materials and thinking, he made psychoanalysis with modern psychological methods and came to the conclusion that Wang Guowei suffered from severe depression, which led to his suicide. Wang Guowei's depression is related to his personality and temperament. Wang Guowei is a typical introverted and depressed temperament. He has strong self-esteem, lofty personality and opinionated opinions. He values personal dignity most and pursues the principle of "a scholar can be killed but not humiliated". He is the most independent, free-thinking and creative intellectual. At the same time, "in addition to their own temperament and personality factors, psychological trauma caused by family changes since childhood (mother loss in childhood, wife loss in middle age, child loss in old age, and three major misfortunes in life all fell on him), the death of the eldest son due to medical accident a year ago, the turbulent situation, various pressures of the environment, and the internal blow of Luo Zhenyu's insulting breakup, all these negative effects gathered together and produced a devastating resultant force, which finally created a generation of grandmasters.
Haizi committed suicide by lying on the track.
The poet Haizi also died of depression, and the way of death was extremely tragic-lying on the railroad tracks and committing suicide. He was born in poverty, with nothing but brilliant talent, and was addicted to poetry writing to the point of obsession.
His four girlfriends all left him because of his poverty. Many years after his death, his poems were edited and published with the help of his good friend Nishikawa, which was a great success. Poetic circles gave him lofty honor, and his talent was gradually understood and accepted by the world.
It's a pity that the poet has driven the crane west and will never see or hear it again! Knowing his life experience and the pain of not being understood and accepted by the world, and then reading his "Facing the sea, spring blossoms", there is a kind of heart-wrenching pain. How much he wants to have a happy life of his own, just as he longs for it in his poems. But the cruel reality cruelly shattered all his dreams, and he had to go to heaven to pursue his dreams.
The poet Gu Cheng killed his wife.
19931010.8, the misty poet Gu Cheng killed his wife with an axe and hanged himself under a big tree. The tragedy happened in Rapids Island in northern New Zealand, with a population of just over 2,000.
This was Gu Cheng's wife-killing case that shocked the literary and art circles in China at that time. According to the contents of Gu Cheng's suicide note Yinger, people suspect that Gu Cheng's last madness was caused by a woman who pursued interests and hurt him, which led to his collapse. This woman is called Yinger in Gu Cheng's book. Because of Yinger's betrayal, Gu Cheng's family was ruined.
Leslie Cheung committed suicide due to depression
It is reported that Leslie Cheung has been suffering from depression for 20 years, and career and feelings are the main reasons.
After a long illness, Leslie Cheung became a doctor himself. He is well aware of his illness. He wrote in his autobiography 1987: "I remember that in the early years, whenever I met a group of friends chatting and catching up, they would ask me why I was unhappy and never saw a happy face. I think I may suffer from depression. As for the source of the disease, I am dissatisfied with myself, with others, and with the world. "
Ruan Weiai committed suicide.
Ruan was the most representative actor in China's silent film period. The actress with gorgeous appearance and delicate heart performed a series of classic movies with her talent. However, her unhappy marriage with Zhang Damin and her tangled feelings with Tang Jishan filled her heart with pain, and she finally chose to commit suicide by taking poison. She was only 25 years old at that time.
Ruan should be a typical depression, trapped by love, hurt by love, and finally died of love. Emotional crisis may make a person fall into depression instantly.
Korean actress Li Enzhu.
Korean actress Li Enzhu committed suicide due to depression. During the on-site investigation, the police found a scribbled note beside the bed, which read: "Mom, I'm sorry! I love the film industry very much, and I am very eager to star in a movie! Life now is not a human life! I don't want to resent anyone! " This note was later confirmed as Li Enzhu's suicide note.
Some people have analyzed that the reason for her suicide may be that she entered the film The Scarlet Letter too deeply, leaving a sequela. In addition, it is reported that Li Enzhu's nudity caused controversy while filming the TV series Firebird, and she has been very sad about it, which may also be one of the reasons for her depression.
Tolstoy: After writing Anna karenin, Tolstoy suffered from severe depression. Suffering from illness, he not only gave up his personal family life, but also gave up his literary creation, and devoted himself to the study of philosophy and religion, declaring that "art is not only useless, but also harmful".
Woolf: Woolf, a British woman writer, suffered from schizophrenia all her life, but she pioneered a generation of stream-of-consciousness novels and essays with her strong independent style. She has a wonderful mind that ordinary people do not have. She is a talented "madman". She felt the impermanence of life, the impermanence of happiness, and the emptiness of life, so that she broke down and drowned herself in the Maas River not far from home.
Ye Saining: Soviet writer Ye Saining suffered from mental depression. 1925 In February, he left Moscow, kissed his two children goodbye, went to Leningrad, and cut his wrist in the early morning of the 28th.
Hesse: Hesse,1a German writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 946, once encountered special psychological pressure, which led to severe depression and even schizophrenia. 19 17 or so, he intervened in psychological analysis, and the novel Wolf in the Desert expressed his loneliness and unbearable division in words.
Xu Chi: At the age of 65,438+09, Xu Chi published a poem in Shanghai Modern; At the age of 22, he published a poetry collection "Twenty Years Old", which caused a sensation in the literary world; At the age of 65,438+09,865,438+0,65,438+0, he published the national famous Goldbach conjecture in People's Literature. However, after a series of blows, such as the death of his beloved wife Vae from cancer and the breakup of his second marriage, he began to become withdrawn and silent, staying at home and thinking alone. Later, we simply implemented the four noes policy: no reading newspapers, no watching TV, no going downstairs and no receiving guests. He was lonely, helpless and exhausted, and finally a man quietly went to the kingdom of the soul.
Bai Yang: From June, 5438 to February, 2007, Bai Yang, a writer from Taiwan Province Province, China, who was famous at home and abroad for his article The Ugly China Man, refused to eat because of depression and was taken to hospital by his family.
Zhang Chunru: Zhang Chunru, a China woman writer who is famous for her book The Nanjing Massacre, committed suicide with a pistol in a car in Los Gedo, California, USA. She was only 36 years old when she was found by passers-by. Zhang Chunru was diagnosed with depression before his death and was hospitalized. From "Nanjing Massacre" to the story she wants to write about the Japanese mistreatment of captured American soldiers in World War II, it is a history full of bad humanity and cruelty, which has caused great pain to her mind. These contents are also related to Zhang Chunru's etiology.
Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu (927-976)
The founding monarch of the Song Dynasty was a native of Zhuozhou (now Hebei). He was inspected in front of the temple in the second week, and his martial arts were high. He led Songzhou to the German army and took control of the military power. After Chen Qiao's mutiny, he won the title of the throne and Song Dynasty. Sixteen years in office, the temple name is Taizu. He became the world because of the mutiny, and he was afraid of losing the world again. Later, I suffered from depression and had the allusion of "a glass of wine to relieve the worries of soldiers".
President Lincoln of the United States (1809- 1865, the 6th president of the United States)
At the age of 26 and 32, Lincoln suffered from the worst depression and almost committed suicide. In a letter to a friend, Lincoln once said that he was "the most painful person alive". During his presidency, he was not spared. It is reported that he often suffers from insomnia and despair of life, which leads to listlessness at work during the day and seriously affects his normal work and life. Lincoln, who suffered from depression, came up with an effective way to fight depression even without a psychiatrist at that time. This is a newspaper clipping. He cut out the expectations and praises of Americans in the newspaper, put them in his pocket, and took them out when he was depressed, so as to cheer himself up, relieve his illness and finally overcome depression.
British Prime Minister Churchill (1874- 1965, British Prime Minister 1940- 1945,1951955).
Churchill was a national hero who led the British people to win the great victory in the anti-fascist war during the Second World War. He is listed as the "Big Three" alongside Stalin and Roosevelt, and is a great man standing in the history of the world. He called his depression "black dog" and told the public with personal experience: "If the" black dog "starts to bite you, don't ignore it. If severe symptoms have lasted for several weeks and you still have suicidal thoughts, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. " Churchill, who had an open mind and a wide range of interests, was not defeated by depression. He told everyone that despair can be overcome.
Queen Elizabeth of Austria (1837 ~ 1898, also known as Princess Sissi)
/kloc-At the age of 0/5, Cece's mother took her somewhere to meet her sister, and prepared to arrange for Cece's sister to get engaged to the young Emperor Joseph. However, just as sissy's sister went to change clothes, the emperor fell in love with sissy at first sight, claiming that sissy would not marry. In this way, 1854, 17-year-old Sisi married into the royal family and became a queen. However, the married princess Sissi is not happy, because Sissi's mother-in-law regards her as the biggest threat to her rights. The mother-in-law deprived Sisi of the right to educate her children, making Sisi and her children like passers-by. In this conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, the husband never dared to fight for the interests of Sissi, so Princess Sissi got depression. Later, Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide because of his frustrated marriage, which dealt a fatal blow to Princess Sisi. From then on, Princess Cece left the palace that made her sad, Vienna and went to Europe on the grounds of illness. 1898, Princess Ceci was killed by Italian anarchists in Geneva at the age of 6 1. The emperor who lost Xixi was in great pain, lived in the palace and was unhappy, and finally died alone.
Princess Diana of England (196 1- 1997)
Perhaps the world saw the beauty and nobility of Princess Diana, but never imagined that the most delicate rose of the British royal family was actually living in sadness and loneliness. Princess Diana suffered from depression four times, with mild and severe symptoms. Diana's depression comes from two aspects. The first is the feeling of being inseparable from Prince Charles, and then it leads to the marriage crisis. Secondly, she gave birth to two princes, especially Prince William, and Diana suffered from severe depression. Diana used many extramarital affairs to try to escape from her troubles and depression, and at the same time to get back at Charles for his infidelity. But because of her sense of responsibility and the situation that attracted thousands of people's attention, she had to be careful, which in turn increased her psychological burden. In the difficult marriage, she felt desperate and world-weary, which led to anorexia. Her depression did not cause much social impact, because her personal doctor found it in time and gave it active treatment. Although Diana didn't die of depression in the end, it is a vivid example that this noble woman suffered from depression because of her unsatisfactory life.
British physicist and mathematician Newton (1642-1727)
Great physicist, astronomer and mathematician, founder of classical mechanical system. He discovered the law of universal gravitation and the law of motion named after his surname, invented the calculus method in mathematics, and completed very important research in optics, including designing a new reflecting telescope. In fact, he founded a modern scientific research method to test and perfect the theory through the comparison of experiments, and replaced the imagination with absurd fantasy elements. Newton is a posthumous child. When he was three years old, his mother remarried and the young Newton was raised by his grandmother. 1665 graduated from Cambridge University. Newton was withdrawn and strict with his work. He often has a heated debate with other scholars about priorities, which may be related to his childhood experience. 1692, when Newton was 50 years old, he finally went insane because of depression and paranoia. 1727 On March 20th, Newton died and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
British natural scientist Darwin (1809- 1882)
Darwin, a great British natural scientist, was the founder of the theory of biological evolution, but his great discovery was unfortunately intertwined with the tragedy of his family. 1839 65438+ 10, Darwin and his uncle's little daughter Emma held a wedding in Meizhuang Church, and the bride was a virtuous and beautiful girl. Although Darwin and his wife respected and loved each other, the combination of cousins began a family tragedy. Emma had 10 children. Among them, the eldest daughter, the second daughter and the child all died young, and the other seven children also suffered from various diseases to varying degrees. Darwin's second son, third son, fifth son and fourth daughter, who were never married, all suffered from different degrees of mental illness. Although the other three children had no obvious mental symptoms, they left no offspring after marriage. According to later research, Darwin's family suffered from a mysterious disease for a long time, which was obvious in Darwin's generation. Darwin suffered from "mental depression" from middle age, which tortured him for the rest of his life. 1April 882 19, the great scientist died of illness, and people buried his body next to Newton's grave to show their respect for the scientist.
Not all patients with depression are lucky enough to beat this "black dog".
American movie star Monroe (1926 ——1962)
Blonde hair, blue eyes, red lips and a white skirt blown by the wind are the eternal memories that Monroe left in the hearts of the world. It is difficult to associate the "sexy goddess" with depression. In America and the western world, the name Monroe is almost a household name. Accurately speaking, she uniquely satisfies men's fantasy of material beauty. It seems that she has never had an idea to seduce a man's vanity with childish childlike innocence. Blonde and blue-eyed, with sexy lips and beautiful figure, this girl who came out of the orphanage is popular in Hollywood and envied by many vain girls. Her appearance, posture and behavior have been imitated by generations of actresses. At the age of 36, she suddenly took an overdose of sleeping pills in her apartment in Los Angeles and was judged to have committed suicide. Because she had a one-night stand with American actress Crawford, had two failed marriages with American baseball star Ma Di Gio and playwright Miller, and had a grudge against former American President Kennedy's family, the real cause of her death still puzzles millions of fans.
Van Gogh, a famous Dutch painter (1853- 1890, impressionist painter)
Van Gogh was Dutch, but he lived in France all his life. He was 33 years old when he arrived in Paris. But Paris was too noisy, so he and Gauguin went to arles, a small town in the south of France. At that time, his creative momentum was very strong, and he painted the famous Sunflower. One day, Van Gogh and his friend Gauguin discussed artistic creation. Gauguin's arrogant training tone made Van Gogh unbearable. He threw a glass at Gauguin's head, and Van Gogh cut off his ear. Gauguin left him in horror. In addition, forced by life, Van Gogh suffered from severe depression and entered an insane asylum. When he was ill, he still kept writing. In his works, he expresses the beautiful scenery of nature with gorgeous colors and is full of burning passion for life. 1On July 27th, 890, he borrowed a pistol under the pretext of hitting a crow, went to Tanobe and leaned against a tree trunk, and shot the bullet into his chest. In the early morning of July 29th, 37-year-old Van Gogh stopped breathing. His last words to his brother Theo were: Suffering will never end. Soon, Theo followed him.
Hemingway, a famous American writer (1899- 196 1, 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate).
Hemingway, a famous American writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 with his novella The Old Man and the Sea. His life experience is not as full of romance and passion as people think. On the contrary, his heart often suffers from severe pain. He tried to get rid of his depression in various ways and constantly ventured to travel. Physically, he always wants to live, but psychologically, he longs for death. The experience and inner activities of Santiago, the hero in his novel The Old Man and the Sea, are exactly the manifestation of Hemingway's ambivalence at that time: "You can destroy him as much as possible, but you can't beat him". Depression is like an invisible net, tightly wrapped around this literary master. In order to get rid of anxiety and depression, Hemingway has been constantly seeking female and spiritual stimulation. He has had sex with many women, been married many times and moved many times. I drank wine from red grapes to whisky and finally to vodka, but it didn't help. He was hunted by the depressed "black dog". 196 1 in the summer, he finally ended his life with a bullet. This year, he was 62 years old.
In addition to the figures listed above, we can also name a long list of celebrities who have suffered from depression, such as Hoover, the 3rd president of the United States, Nixon, the 7th president of the United States, Bush, the 4th president of the United States, Hepburn, a famous Hollywood actress, luria, a famous German writer, Nietzsche, Goethe, and Beethoven, a great German musician. Pushkin, the main representative of Russian romantic literature and the founder of realistic literature, Mo Bosang, an outstanding French critical realist writer, Chopin, a Polish romantic piano poet, Barbara Yung, a Hong Kong actor and Zhang Chunru, a Chinese-American writer, have all been chased by the "black dog" of depression. And the famous British comedy star Mr. Bean (Atkinson) and the host Cui Yongyuan have also publicly admitted that they suffer from depression.
Are celebrities easily favored by "black dogs" with depression? After ten years' research, Dr. Post, a British psychologist, finally found out: "There is indeed some connection between creative talent and morbid psychology. Genius has a lot of mental madness, which can often stimulate inspiration and creativity. So many people with high IQ are also prone to mental illness. " After research, Eve Romson of Moscow Psychiatric Research Institute also firmly believes: "There is indeed a connection between genius and disease that cannot be ignored." According to the Daily Telegraph website, Professor Fitzgerald, a famous psychiatrist, pointed out through research that Austrian musician Mozart, German musician Beethoven, Russian composer Tchaikovsky, western philosopher Kant, British great writer Orwell, writer Andersen, Balzac, poet Byron, Shelley, Pushkin, Robert and other masters who once dominated the field of literature and history all suffered from depression or schizophrenia before their death. This disease will not only cause them to behave strangely, but also stimulate their creative potential. This is just as Balzac said: "Genius is the pathological condition of human beings, just as pearls are the pathological condition of shellfish". Dr. Post studied 300 famous figures in modern human history with the analysis method of modern psychopathology, and drew the following conclusions: 17% politicians have obvious mental illness characteristics, such as Hitler, Lincoln and Napoleon; Scientists account for 18%, such as Gordon, Mendel, Ampere, Copernicus and Ferretti; Thinkers account for 26%, such as Russell, Rousseau, Schopenhauer; Composers account for 3 1%, such as Wagner, Puccini and Schumann; Painters account for 37%, such as Van Gogh and Picasso; Novelists and poets account for the largest proportion, reaching 46%, such as Faulkner, Proust, Lawrence and lermontov.