Eight years, spring, the first month of Wang, the public is Jin. In summer, Zheng was buried The thief didn't ask, why was the book buried? Zheng people invaded Cai. Xie won the title of Cai Gongzi. This invasion is also appropriate for those who get it.

Hou, Zheng Bo, Qi Ren, Song Ren, Xing Qiu.

Publicly promote yourself.

Ju people cut me down.

Autumn, September, Datun.

In winter, Prince Chu's division attacked Zheng.

Jin Hou invited scholars to hire him.

It is also taboo for China. What did his words get? Invade others, defend others and blame others.

translate

In the spring of the eighth year of Duke Xiang of Lu, in the first month, Duke Xiang of Lu went to the State of Jin to appear before him.

Xia Xiang buried Zheng Gong. The thief who killed Gong has not solved the case. Why is there a record of Zheng Gong's burial? This is the taboo of the vassal States of the Central Plains. Zheng's army invaded Cai. Take the doctor's son alive. This is an invasion. What does "capture" mean here? Anyone who invades and is captured means that he is just caught.

During his stay in Xingqiu of Jin State, Ji Sun, a doctor of Lu State, met with Duke Xiang of Jin, Zheng Jiangong, Doctor Gao Hou of Qi State, Doctor Zuo of Song State, Doctor Ning Zhihe of Wei State and Doctor Lou State. Duke Xiang of Lu came back from the state of Jin.

The Ju army attacked the eastern border of Shandong.

In autumn and September, Lu held a large-scale rain-seeking sacrifice.

In winter, Prince Zhen, the doctor of the State of Chu, led an army to attack the State of Zheng.

Jin Wengong sent a doctor to visit Lu.

Extended reading: the theoretical characteristics of the biography of the ram

As the backbone of today's literary school, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram has a unique theoretical color. There are three main projects:

1, politics. Talking about "restructuring", advocating "great unification" and bringing order out of chaos is the post-Wang Lifa.

2. variability. It has formed a set of historical philosophy theory system of "Sansheng Theory". "Biography of the Ram" says that "what you see and hear is different" is its embryonic form. Dong Zhongshu gave full play to this point and divided the twelve kings of the Spring and Autumn Period into "what he saw", "what he heard" and "what he heard", which showed that the Spring and Autumn Period of 242 years was not monolithic or fixed, but could be divided into different stages according to certain standards.

3. The Three Generations of Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram said: Biography of the World is "in troubled times" and "outside the summer"; "Smelling the world" means "promoting the world" and "changing the world outside the summer"; "See the world" means "peace in the world", "Yi Di becomes a knight, the world is far and near."

According to this article's exposition of the ram family, one of the important contents of "righteousness" in Spring and Autumn Annals is "Zhang San". That is to say, Confucius divided the 242-year history of the Spring and Autumn Period into "according to troubled times", "ascending peacetime" and "Taiping peacetime". There are two points worth noting in this understanding of literati:

1. The historical movement they "described" does not conform to the historical facts, but it conforms to the "ideal". Judging from the history of "nature" in the Spring and Autumn Period, the fallacy of "Sansheng Theory" is obvious. Gu Jiegang's "Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period: A Comprehensive Theory of Mandarin" pointed out: "The theory of these three generations is extremely difficult to believe. In fact, the more the Spring and Autumn Period, the less peaceful it is. There is nothing to say about political chaos and people's suffering. Peace? "

At least since the Han Dynasty, the Yang Gong family of Jinwen has made imaginative discussions on the regularity of human historical movements. Gong Yangjia believes that the evolution of human history, from "according to troubled times" to relatively peaceful and stable "ascension" and then "peacetime", is an "ideal" social development track. In this theory, there is a valuable ideological sprout that "the historical movement is regular".

2. The "Three Generations Theory" is circular in nature. But there is a continuous "forward" development sequence in the "three" cycle from troubled times to Taiping, which is also an "evolution" sequence. He Xiu's annotation "Biography of the Ram" further integrated the description of the well-off life in Datong with Li Yun, and developed into a systematic historical philosophy of "Sansheng Theory", which demonstrated that history evolved and that change and vicissitude were the universal laws of history.

The further development of He Xiuzhu's biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram: what he saw was mourning, sharing current affairs with his father; The people who heard it were called Selected Works Cheng Xiang and Wang Fu's current affairs. Hearsay, said Zhuang Min Nuo, high-impedance current affairs also. ..... In the world of rumors, what we see is that governance begins with decline and chaos, and the intention is still relatively rough, so it is summer at home and abroad; ..... In the world I heard, I saw that I was promoted and demoted in summer; ..... in order to see the world, peace, yi di into the jue, if the world is far and near. ..... Therefore, for the third generation, the ceremony is three years for parents, three years for grandparents and three months for great-grandparents Cui Zi. Therefore, Chunqiu is recorded according to the mourning number, treating ancestors. ("Spring and Autumn Ram Classic Deduction, Tibetan Year")

According to He Xiu's explanation, the 242-year history of the Spring and Autumn Period has gone through three stages: the decline and fall of rumors in troubled times, the rise of hearing about Taiping times and seeing Taiping times. So it will be three stages, because the "ceremony" is still three, and so on. This is He Xiu's theory of historical evolution, and the biography of the ram itself is not that interesting. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the feudal social structure has tended to be stable, and Confucian classics, which advocates "respecting the ancient", is more suitable as a political guiding ideology, replacing the respected position of modern literary theory, which advocates "restructuring" and "reform". Ram theory in modern literature has been suppressed for more than 1000 years, and it was not brought up again until the middle of Qing Dynasty.

Extended reading: the famous words in the biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram

1. Hungry people sing about their food, and laborers sing about their affairs.

From Biography of the Ram and Fifteen Years of Gong Xuan in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. Singing and sighing. The hungry man sings about the food he gets, and the laborer sings about his work. This poem is the product of working people expressing their labor and life. This touched the origin of literature and art to some extent.

2. The goodness of a gentleman is long and the evil is short; Evil stops its body, good and good and future generations.

From the pre-Qin "Biography of the Ram Twenty Years in Zhao Gong". A gentleman praises good deeds and hates evil deeds; Hate the bad guys and bad things only stay in the bad guys themselves, while praise the good guys and good things will extend to his descendants.

3. Children are more expensive than mothers, and mothers are more expensive than children.

From the pre-Qin "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography Hidden Year". Children can become very noble by virtue of their mother's identity, and mothers can also be respected by people by virtue of their talented children. In this sentence, the author expounds the fact that mother and child will be respected by others because of one's noble status or outstanding ability.

Friends protect each other, not each other.

From the pre-Qin "Ram Biography Ding Gong Four Years". Me: Controversy. Friends should defend each other, not argue with each other.

5. Bring order out of chaos and do the opposite, near its spring and autumn.

From the pre-Qin "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography Fourteen Years of Mourning for the Duke". Nothing can bring the ruling society back to the right path better than Spring and Autumn Annals.

6. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was taboo for the honorable person, taboo for the relatives, and taboo for the sage.

From the pre-Qin "Biography of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period of Min". Spring and Autumn Annals is taboo for outstanding people, taboo for relatives and taboo for talented people.

7. A gentleman is ashamed of what he sees from others, while a villain is fortunate in what he sees from others.

From The Biography of Ram: Fifteen Years of Gong Xuan in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. A gentleman will feel pity when he sees someone in trouble. And the villain will gloat when he sees others in trouble.

8. Killing people to survive, the dead to survive, the gentleman does not do it.

From the pre-Qin "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography Eleven Years of Huan Gong". Destroy others to save themselves. Moral people don't do this.