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Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama vasco da gama, born in Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, about1469; Kochi, India, who died at1February 24th 1524, was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful explorers in the era of European discovery, and the first person to sail directly from Europe to India.

Entrusted by King Manuel I of Portugal, he searched for Christian land in the East (like many Europeans, the king thought India was the legendary Christian priest King John's Kingdom) and let the Portuguese enter the commercial market in the East. Da Gama expanded the sea route exploration of his predecessor Bartolomeu Dias, who bypassed the Cape of Good Hope in Africa for the first time in 1488, which culminated in the sea exploration of a generation of Portuguese trained by the navigator Henry Navigation School.

Da Gama's voyage successfully established a sea route from Europe to India, allowing trade with the Far East without using the expensive and unsafe Silk Road caravan route in the Middle East and Central Asia. However, this voyage was also hindered because it did not bring any interested trade goods to Asia Minor countries and India. This route is full of dangers: only 54 of his 170 navigators and 0 of his 4 ships returned to Portugal in 1499. However, Da Gama's initial journey directly led to the centuries-long rule of Europe through sea power and merchant ships, and the 450-year colonial rule of Portugal in India, which brought wealth and power to Portugal.

First voyage

On April, a fleet of four ships left Ligang. Its ships are:

That s? Oh, Gabriel, Mandy from vasco da gama; 178t, 27m long, 8.5m wide, 2.3m draught and 372m sail. , 150 crew

That s? Raphael, his master is his brother Paul da Gama; Similar in size to s? Oh, Gabriel

Kara Villberg Ou, slightly larger than before (later renamed as? O Miguel), by Nicola coelho.

A storage ship of unknown name, under the command of Oka? Arlo nunes, later lost near S Bay? Brass along the east coast of Africa.

Bypass the cape

By1February 16, the fleet had already crossed the South African White River where Diaz had turned back and continued to advance to waters unknown to Europeans. As Christmas approached, they named the coast they passed Natal (Christmas in Portuguese).

Mozambique

By January, they had arrived in today's Mozambique, the territory of the East African coast controlled by Arabs, which was part of the Indian Ocean trade. Fearing that local residents would be hostile to Christians, Da Gama pretended to be a Muslim and was received by the Sultan of Mozambique. Because he could only provide insignificant trade goods, Da Gama could not provide suitable gifts to the rulers, and soon the local people began to see through the tricks of Da Gama and his men. Forced by a hostile crowd, Da Gama left the port, and in retaliation, he fired into the city.

Mombasa

Near modern Kenya, the expedition resorted to pirates and robbed Arab merchant ships-generally unarmed trading ships without heavy artillery. The Portuguese became the first European to arrive in Mombasa, but met with hostility and left soon.

Malindi

Da Gama continued northward and landed in the friendlier port of Malindi, where leaders clashed with those in Mombasa; There, the expedition first discovered the evidence of Indian businessmen. They hired the services of an Arab navigator and cartographer, Ibn Majid, whose knowledge of monsoon enabled him to take the expedition to Kallikat (today's Kozhkod) on the southwest Indian coast.

India

They arrived in India on May 20th, 1498. Sometimes violent negotiations with local rulers (usually translated into Zamorin in English) followed, regardless of the resistance of Arab businessmen. In the end, Da Gama got an ambiguous trading license, but after Zamolin insisted that Da Gama leave all his goods as collateral, he had to set sail without warning. Da Gama kept his goods, but left a few Portuguese and ordered them to open a trading post.

return

Vasco da gama landed in Kallikat, 1498. On May 20th, 2008, Paulo da Gama died in Azores on his way back, but when vasco da gama returned to Portugal in September 1499, he was rewarded handsomely as a man who realized a plan that took 80 years. He was awarded the title of "Admiral of the Indian Ocean", which confirmed Sinnis's feudal rights. He was also knighted by Manuel I.

Da Gama's voyage clearly shows that the farther (east) coast of Africa, Contra Costa, is vital to Portugal's interests: its port provides fresh water and food, timber and a port for maintenance, as well as an area waiting for the arrival of unfavorable seasons. In addition, spice fashion will prove to be a great contribution to the Portuguese economy.

The second voyage

On February 12, Da Gama once again set sail with a fleet of Ente warships to strengthen Portugal's interests. Pedro? A few years ago, á lvarez Cabral was sent to India (at that time, he stumbled upon Brazil, although some people claimed that it was intentional). He found that those people at the trading post were murdered and met with further resistance. He bombed Kallikat. He also brought back silk and gold to prove that he had been to India again.

For a time, da Gama waited for a ship to return from Mecca and confiscated all the goods; Then they locked 380 passengers in the cabin and set fire to the ship. It took four days for the ship to sink and all the men, women and children were killed.

Da Gama attacked the Arab-controlled East African port of Kilwa and extorted tribute from it, which was one of the ports that defeated the Portuguese. He played the role of privateer in the Arabian merchant ships, and finally defeated the Kallikat fleet composed of 29 ships, and basically conquered the port city. In return for peace, he got valuable trade concessions and a lot of plunder, which made him very popular among the Portuguese royal family.

When he returned to Portugal, he was counted as Count Vitiguella in the land that belonged to the future Royal Bragan? A family. He was also granted feudal rights and jurisdiction over Vidigueira and Vila dos Frades.

The third voyage

After gaining a terrible reputation as a "solver" of India's problems, he was sent to the subcontinent again in 1524. His intention was to replace the incompetent Eduardo de menezes as the governor (representative) of Portuguese territory, but he contracted malaria shortly after arriving in Goa, and died in Cochin on Christmas Eve on 1524. His body was first buried in St. Francis Church in Kochibao. Later, his body was sent back to Portugal on 1539 and reburied in a splendid tomb in Vidigueira. The Hieronymites monastery in Belem was built to commemorate his trip to India. Religious Intolerance vasco da gama initiated religious persecution, and his successors continued until the end of colonial rule. He took monks to preach during his trip. He showed extreme cruelty to the Muslims and Hindus in this land. He didn't even spare the local Christians.

Da Gama and his wife Catarina de Atay have six sons and one daughter: Francisco da Gama and Conde da Vidigueira; Istev. O da gama; Paulo da Gama; Christopher. O da gama; Pedro da Silva da Gama; Alvaro de Ataide; Isabel de Ataide da Gama.

Like anyone after the navigator Henry, da Gama was responsible for Portugal's success as an early colonial power. Apart from the first voyage itself, it was his shrewd combination of politics and war on the other side of the world that made Portugal stand out in the Indian Ocean trade. Portuguese national epic "Luis Adas of Luis Vaz de Cane"? Es mainly involves the navigation of vasco da gama.

After da Gama's first voyage, the Portuguese royal family realized that ensuring the outpost on the east coast of Africa was very important for maintaining their trade route to the Far East.

Vasco da gama, a port city in Goa, is named after him, and vasco da gama crater, a big crater on the moon, is also named after him. Three football clubs in Brazil (including vasco da gama Club) and vasco Sports Club in Goa are also named after him. A church in Kochi, vasco da gama Church in Kerala, a private house on St Helena and vasco da gama Bridge are also named after him.