1. What should the climate be like?
(A) the formation of climate
Why is the climate at the same latitude different? Why is the climate not evenly distributed according to the laws of equatorial heat and polar cold? That's because the formation of climate is very complicated. The principle of atmospheric circulation is very simple, that is, the hot place rises and the cold place falls, but there will be many circles of circulation between the equator and the poles, resulting in more precipitation in the convection area and less precipitation in the subsidence area.
It is also 30 degrees north latitude, and many parts of the earth are desert areas, while the Yangtze River Delta in China has a monsoon climate, because the climate is also affected by the earth's rotation and ocean currents. The deflection force of the earth's rotation on the airflow makes the airflow deviate from the equator more and more. At the same time, the land is only a small part of the earth, and the ocean is the real majority. The cold and warm transport of ocean currents makes the climate more complicated. For example, the annual precipitation in Beijing is concentrated in July, August and September, while the annual precipitation in Europe at the same latitude is relatively average, which is the role of ocean currents.
In addition to the earth's rotation and ocean currents, there are also climatic factors, including hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, cryosphere and atmosphere. The interaction of these five "circles" further complicates the formation of the earth's climate. Therefore, when we talk about climate change, we should take these factors into account, which also answers the question of why the weather at the same latitude is different.
At the same time, the distribution of climatic zones is also very complicated. For example, China has a vast territory and abundant natural resources, and the east-west and north-south spans are relatively large, so there are at least five climatic zones in China alone, namely, temperate continental climate with dry climate, temperate monsoon climate with high temperature and rainy summer and cold and dry winter, subtropical monsoon climate, tropical monsoon climate and alpine plateau climate.
(2) Adaptation and protection of climate
From the perspective of climate formation, why are there people and animals on the earth? It is precisely because there are three "blankets" to protect living things on our earth, that is, carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone. Among them, carbon dioxide, that is, greenhouse gas, is closest to the surface, ensuring the stability of the earth's temperature. If there is no greenhouse gas, then the earth will become a "ice hockey". However, we now propose to control greenhouse gases because the increase of greenhouse gases will lead to the increase of the average temperature of the earth.
Now, our party and government pay special attention to green development. Green development not only means improving the living environment around us, but also means maintaining the earth on which we live. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward four aspects in the part of "accelerating the reform of ecological civilization system and building a beautiful China", including: promoting green development; Focus on solving outstanding environmental problems; Strengthen ecosystem protection; Reform the ecological environment supervision system. In this regard, it is necessary to make it suitable for forest, grass and farming according to climatic conditions in ecological construction; In terms of economic layout, it should be suitable for agriculture, work and cities. In short, we should understand the climate scientifically, actively adapt to the climate, make rational use of the climate, strive to protect the climate, and scientifically and effectively defend against meteorological disasters.
The difference between climate, climate change and weather
Climate refers to the average or statistical situation of weather in a relatively long period (month, season, year, year, decades or even hundreds of years), which mainly reflects the basic characteristics of a region, such as cold, warm, dry and wet, such as a region with long summer and short winter, mild climate, abundant sunshine and abundant rainfall. Climate change refers to the change of climate system. Generally, the average deviation of 30 years is observed by comparison, such as the amount of precipitation. The difference between weather and climate is even greater. For example, the weather is like the result of an exam, and the climate is like the average result of several years of exams. However, if the occurrence of a certain kind of weather has formed a law of several years and decades, then it has become a climate law.
For the climate laws, we have established many weather stations for observation and statistics. 20 17 May17, China Hohhot, Changchun, Yingkou Meteorological Station and Hong Kong Observatory were officially recognized by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as the first batch of century-old meteorological stations in the world. They are irreplaceable climate heritages, which faithfully record climate changes, and have great practical significance for studying climate data, restoring ecological truth, analyzing the impact of economic and social development on the ecological environment, and enhancing people's consciousness and action consciousness in promoting ecological civilization construction. In 20 18, China Meteorological Bureau identified 10 centennial meteorological stations, including: Dalian National Basic Meteorological Station, Shenyang National Basic Meteorological Station, Xiong Yue National Basic Meteorological Station, Qiqihar National Basic Meteorological Station, Nanjing National Basic Meteorological Station, Wuhu National Meteorological Station, Qingdao National Basic Meteorological Station, Wuhan National Basic Meteorological Station, Yueyang National Basic Meteorological Station and Huanghua National Meteorological Station. There are also 2 1 meteorological stations in China that have been recognized by the stations for 75 years, such as Nenjiang National Basic Meteorological Station, Wuyishan National Basic Meteorological Station and Hami National Reference Meteorological Station. In this regard, we call on everyone to take action to protect our weather station.
The difference between weather and disaster weather
Weather refers to meteorological phenomena that occur in a short time (from a few minutes to a few days), such as thunderstorms, hail, typhoons, cold waves and strong winds. Catastrophic weather refers to natural disasters caused by weather, also known as meteorological disasters. The average annual economic loss caused by meteorological disasters accounts for more than 70% of all natural disasters, and it will also lead to secondary disasters and derivative disasters. Secondary disasters refer to disasters induced by primary disasters, such as flash floods, landslides and mudslides caused by heavy rains. Derived disasters refer to disasters that cause a series of social problems due to people's lack of understanding of primary disasters or some social factors and psychological influences.
Author: Zhu Dingjun, member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chief meteorological service of Public Meteorological Service Center of China Meteorological Administration.
This article is excerpted from Zhu Dingjun's manuscript: Climate Change and Human Health, Speaker Network.
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