The landscape of Mount Tai is magnificent, and the main peak is proudly pulled up. There are 65,438+065,438+02 famous peaks, 98 precipices and 65,438+002 valleys around the main peak, which constitute the majestic Taishan mountain system. Overlooking Mount Tai, there are three valleys of Dongxi, Xi Zhong and Xixi in the south, and Tianjin River, Tianzhu Peak and Taohuayu in the north.
Famous peaks: Yuhuangding, Longjiao Mountain, Laiyang, Fanya, Houshiwu, Tianzhu Peak, Linghanfeng, Hushan, Jinshan, Chuidao, Li Hao, Yun Yun, Tingting, Shilu, Culai, Longquan and Jiu Feng. Duxiufeng, Kunruishan, Hanyushan, Songfengshan, Huanghuashan, Pingfeng, Wohushan, Zhangrenshan, Tianzhu, Tiankong, Gushan, Waitou, Banban, Heshan, Dongxishan, Xixishan, Longjiao Mountain, Ole, Lion, Diaodao, Huoyan, Jilong and Feiya.
The water system of Mount Tai is very developed, with a total water storage capacity of 3 billion cubic meters, which has created the beautiful scenery of Mount Tai "how high the mountains are and how high the water is", with dense mountain springs and criss-crossing rivers and streams. Despite statistics, there are 72 famous springs in Mount Tai, such as Wang Muquan, Moon Spring, Yu Yequan, Huanghua Spring, Yunquan, Shuangquan, Laihe Spring and Lingyi Spring, all of which are famous scenic spots. The rivers and valleys of Mount Tai crisscross, and the most famous ones are Pi River, Xi River, Yanling River, Muguigou, Monkey Ai Valley and Chua River.
Mount Tai was originally named Daishan, also known as Daizong. Located between Jinan, Changqing, Feicheng and Tai 'an. Its southern foot begins in Tai 'an and its northern foot ends in Jinan, covering an area of 426 square kilometers in Fiona Fang. The main peak is located at Yuhuangding, Tai 'an City, with an altitude of1532.7m.. The relative height difference is about 1300m.
Mount Tai is magnificent and has beautiful scenery. In ancient myths and legends in China, after Pangu's death, his head became Mount Tai. According to Records of Historical Records, "The sky is high, so Mount Tai Zen rites are set up to worship it, which is close to the gods." The ancients described that "Mount Tai swallowed West China, suppressed South Heng, drove Middle Song, and learned North Heng, which was the length of the five mountains". According to the ancient traditional culture, the East is the place where all things alternate and early spring occurs, so Mount Tai has the reputation of "the length of five mountains" and "the exclusive respect of five mountains". Because of its majestic momentum, it is the first of the five mountains, so it has the reputation of "the first mountain in the world". Fossils of Xintai people 50,000 years ago and Yiyuan people 400,000 years ago show early human activities in this area. Dawenkou culture at the southern foot of Mount Tai and Longshan culture at the northern foot also reflect the activities of clan tribes in the early Yellow River basin. During the Warring States Period, Qi built a 500-kilometer-long Great Wall along Mount Tai to the Yellow Sea, and now the Great Wall site still exists. After entering the Qin and Han Dynasties, Mount Tai gradually became a symbol of politics and power.
For thousands of years, the natural landscape of Mount Tai has been integrated with the emperor's meditation, poetry rendering, craftsman art and scientific investigation, which constitutes the landscape of Mount Tai. The scenic spot has formed a triple space with the main peak as the center (Tai 'an City with Dai Temple as the center, "Yin, Grass, Earth and Mansion" in southwest Li Hao and "Fairy, Boundary, Heaven and Mansion" on the Nantianmen) and an axis (a landscape belt connecting the triple spaces, mainly the central axis of Dai Temple extending northward to Yuhuang Peak). From Tai 'an City at the foot of the mountain at an altitude of150m to Zhongtianmen at an altitude of 847m, Nantianmen at an altitude of1460m and Yuhuangding at an altitude of1545m, a unique Taishan landscape has been formed one after another.
After thousands of years of cultural accumulation, there are many human landscapes on Mount Tai. Mount Tai is the center of Qilu culture and one of the important cradles of ancient civilization in China. According to the documents of ancient dynasties in China, this mountain is often the place where emperors set up altars to pray for the prosperity of the country and the people and hold Buddhist ceremonies. According to legend, 72 leaders came here to patrol and sacrifice in ancient times. Since the Qin Dynasty, there were 12 emperors in ancient China who came here to worship Zen. The first person to hold a large-scale meditation ceremony here was Qin Shihuang, who left behind the legends of the five great men of lofty ideals. When I said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed Mount Tai eight times, I marveled at "Gao! Extremely Big! Special! Be strong! He Yi! Terrible! Confused! " . The worship of Zen in Mount Tai has become an extremely grand ceremony in the history of China. It is believed that the gods will give the auspicious "Fu Rui" to any emperor who rises from different surnames or shows great achievements, and he will have the right to report his success to Mount Tai and thank him for his kindness, which will form the tradition of Taishan ceremony.
"Sealing" is to gather soil on the top of Mount Tai and build a round altar to worship the Emperor of Heaven, so as to increase the height of Mount Tai and show the merits of heaven; "Zen" is to build a square altar on the hill below the mountain to worship the gods and increase the thickness of the land to repay the kindness of the rich. A circular altar represents a circular place. If a generation of emperors climb Mount Tai, it will be regarded as a symbol of world peace and national prosperity. And the emperor himself became a veritable real dragon emperor. Therefore, Ban Gu, a historian of the Han Dynasty, said in "White Tiger and Phoenix Zen": "If you rise from the opposite sex, you will rise to Mount Tai. Why? The significance of the report is also. At the beginning of the order, the system should be based on heaven, the world is peaceful, and the retreat is peaceful. So why must it be Mount Tai? Everything is difficult at the beginning, and there are explanations. "
Buddhism was introduced into Mount Tai in the middle of the 4th century. In 35 1 year, the monk Langgong went to Daiyin, Taishan for the first time to establish Langgong Temple and Lingyan Temple. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the larger temples on Mount Tai were Huangsi, Shenbao Temple and Zhao Pu Temple. The famous Taishan Mountain Valley is a Buddhist classic "Diamond Sutra" carved by northern Qi people. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Lingyan Temple was extremely prosperous. Li Jifu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, called Mount Taishan Lingyan Temple one of the "four wonders" in the world.
Taoism: According to legend, during the Warring States period, the alchemist lived in seclusion in Daiyin Cave; After the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were many temples, including Wang Muchi (Wang Qun), Laojun Temple, Doumu Palace (Longquan Temple), Bi Xia Temple, Houshiwu Temple and Yuanshi Tianzun Temple. Among them, Wang Mu pond is the earliest, which was built 220 years ago. Bi Xia Temple has the greatest influence.
For thousands of years, the natural landscape of Mount Tai has been integrated with cultural factors such as emperor meditation, religious myth, artistic conception of painting and calligraphy, rendering of poetry and prose, craftsman art and so on, which constitutes a huge aesthetic culture of Mount Tai. Celebrities such as Confucius and Du Fu have been to this mountain and left poems. Mencius' famous saying is "Climbing Mount Tai is a small world"; Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue"; Yao Nai's prose "Climbing Mount Tai" and so on.
Emperors of all previous dynasties climbed Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to heaven and tell the earth, Confucianism and Taoism explained the Tao, preached and taught the classics, and cultural celebrities climbed high to win, leaving a dazzling array of inscriptions, cliff carvings and couplets, and the cliff carvings in Mount Tai are also the most famous mountains. There are more than 800 stone carvings on Mount Tai 100, including more than 800 stone tablets and more than 0/00 stone carvings on Cliff, which are generally distributed in Daimiao 157, Dai Lu 2 15, Dengshan East Road 576, Daiding 258, Daixi 80 and Daiyin 44. Stone carvings mainly include five categories: the memorial of emperor's closed-door meditation ceremony, the creation and reconstruction of temples, the inscription of stone-carved Tibetan Classics Pavilion, ode to Dai poetry, Jingsheng and couplets, and most of them are natural stone carvings.
Attractions: Medicine Canting, Zhengyangmen, Tang Huaiyuan, Dongyuzuo, Qinshan Stone Carving, Tongting, Daimiao Square, Bai Han, Tianyitang, Dazhong Bridge, Wuxian Temple, Sanyangguan, Feng Yuxiang's Tomb, Zhao Pu Temple, Hushan Park, Wang Muchi, Triassic Waterfall, Zuishi, Dui Songshan, Zhongtianmen and Confucius Landing. Yueguanfeng, Xianren Bridge, Wuyue Duzun, Confucius Temple, Tianjie, Yuhuangding, Bi Xia Temple, Nantianmen, Gongbei Stone, Tangmo Cliff, Beitianmen, Da/Xiaotian Candle Peak, Wangtianmen, Yaoguanding, Sister Pine, Yuan Jun Temple, Sanzhe Waterfall, Tianzhu Waterfall, yuquan temple, Houshiwu, Qingtongjian and Chikulinji.
Mount Tai: It was formed in Archean, between 2.45 billion and 2.5 billion years.
The formation of Mount Tai originated from three orogenic movements: Mount Tai movement about 2.4 billion years ago; /kloc-Yanshan movement 0/100 million years ago; Himalayan movement about 30 million years ago.
Three major faults in Mount Tai: Taiqian fault, Zhongtianmen fault and Yunbuqiao fault.
Three steps of Mount Tai: elevation of Tai 'an 150m, elevation of Zhongtianmen 847m, elevation of Nantianmen 1460m, elevation of Mount Tai peak 1545m.
Longitude and longitude of Mount Tai: located at east longitude 1 17 degrees 6 and north latitude 36 degrees 16. About five ancient capitals are connected by a cross, with Beijing in the north, Nanjing in the south, Kaifeng, Luoyang and Xi 'an in the west and the sea in the east.
Growth rate of Mount Tai: 0.5mm per year.
The total area of Mount Tai is about 200 kilometers from east to west and 50 kilometers from north to south, starting from the east bank of the Yellow River in the west and reaching Boshan in the east. Fiona Fang has 426 square kilometers. It is about one-eighteenth of the total area of Tai 'an.
Peak area of Mount Tai: 0.6 square kilometers.
There are six main valleys and streams in the north and south of Mount Tai: from east to west, they are in the south, Dongxi, Xi Zhong and Xixi respectively. In the north, from east to west, there are foothills, Tianjin River, Tianzhu Peak and Taohuayu in turn. Radiating in six directions, six irregular areas are naturally formed, forming six tourist areas of Mount Tai.
156 Peak: Tianzhu Peak, Sunguan Peak and Yueguan Peak.
138 Cliffs: Baizhang Cliff, Fanya Cliff, Huangshi Cliff, etc.
72 famous caves: Lvzu Cave, Qiuxian Cave and Sanyang Cave.
Strange stones: Fusang Stone, San Xiao Stone, Chopped Yun Jian, etc.
130 Valley: Dongxi, Xi Zhong, Xixi, etc.
Waterfalls: Longtan Waterfall, Qiao Yun Waterfall and Santan Waterfall.
45 famous springs: Baihequan, Wangmuquan and Guangshengquan.
There are six types of Taishan landform: eroded mountain, eroded low mountain, eroded mountain, eroded hill, eroded hill and piedmont alluvial platform.
Three treasures of Taishan paleostrata: Taishan Complex, Zhang Xia Mantoushan Section and Taishan Zuizi Stone.
The oldest rock in China: Taishan complex, which constitutes the main body of Mount Tai, is about 2.8 billion years ago.
3.4 billion-year-old zircon: It was found in the main peak of Mount Tai, which provided evidence for the international geological demarcation of Archean-Proterozoic era.
Komatiite was discovered in Taishan area: this is the representative of magnesium-rich primitive magma in the early earth. 1969 was first discovered in South Africa and only found in a few areas in the world.
Taishan Granite: Known as the king of stone, it is the cornerstone of the Forbidden City, Confucius Temple, Dai Temple, Square, Great Hall of the People, Monument to the People's Heroes and Chairman Mao Memorial Hall.
The earliest study area of ancient metamorphic rocks and CAMBRIAN strata in eastern China is Taishan area.
Taishan World Geopark: with a total area of 158.6 square kilometers, there are eight parks: Hong Men Geopark, Zhongtianmen Geopark, Nantianmen Geopark, Houshiwu Geopark, Taohuayu Geopark, Culaishan Geopark, Taoshan Geopark and Lianhuashan Geopark.