The complete human genome has been deciphered for the first time. What mysteries have been solved this time? Let's discuss this issue below, hoping that this content can help friends in need.
Science, the world's top journal, published six graduation thesis reports early this morning, releasing the latest news on human genome transcriptome sequencing: the end of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) The telomere-to-telomere (T2T) consortium scientific team has produced the world's first complete, gap-free human genome sequence through new technical research, demonstrating for the first time relatively highly identical segmental repetitive genomic regions and their distribution in the human genome. Genetic variation.
This is also an "important update" to the standard human reference genome, the reference genome sequence (GRCh38) published in 2013, which improves the DNA fragments hidden on the previously striped sex chromosomes and solves the mystery of the loss. 200 million DNA base pairs and more than 2,000 new genes—accounting for 8 of the human genome.
This scientific research result is extremely important. The detailed human genome sequence revealed by scientists is one of the most complex mysteries in the world. This scientific research enables mankind to see the most complete and gap-free DNA sequence for the first time, aiming at the ability of humans to understand the genetic variation of the genome. The full spectrum, as well as the genetic contribution of some diseases, is particularly important and may promote research and scientific development related to cancer, high-risk children, and aging.
At the same time, this is also the first time in the 141 years since the publication of Science that six graduation thesis publications have been published on human genome research in the same issue of the magazine.
The human genome is composed of more than 6 billion individual DNA bases and approximately 20,000 to 30,000 protein-coding genes (all genes have no unified answer), which is similar to that of other primates such as chimpanzees. The numbers are similar and are distributed on 23 pairs of sex chromosomes. In order to better load tens of thousands of genomes, scientists first cut the entire DNA strand into hundreds to thousands of unit-length DNA fragments. Transcriptome sequencing equipment is then used to load every base in each fragment, and scientists try to assemble these fragments in a reasonable order, like piecing together an intricate jigsaw puzzle.
The important progress of this research achievement is actually the use of new technical equipment - rapidly iterative high-throughput sequencing equipment produced by Oxford Nanopore Technology Company and Pacific Biosciences Company in the UK.
As early as 2017, Adam Phillippy, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), and Karen Miga of the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) realized that, The new nanopore machine has the ability to accurately load 1 million DNA bases at a time, opening the door to finally solving genomic problems.
Yin Ye, CEO of Huada Group, once said that in fact, today's human beings have entered a period of life, and what everyone cares about is their own genes and health. For this reason, they will integrate the physical world and information Content Global and Life Global.
Driven by the continued expansion of application fields and the further strengthening of transcriptome sequencing capabilities, the global market share of high-throughput sequencing will continue to increase. Although China’s market capacity in the genetic field is comparable to that of the world The leading companies are quite different, but they still have a relatively large advantage in the Chinese mainland market. If they want to increase their international market share in the future, they need to further strengthen technology research and development, and there is a lot of room for imagination in the development direction.