Mencius' "benevolent government" advocated "people-oriented" politically. Mencius believes that for a country, "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." He also said: if the monarch is wrong, his subjects can persuade him, but if he refuses to listen many times, he can overthrow him. Mencius opposed the merger war. He believes that war is too cruel and advocates "benevolent government" to unify the world.

He believes that goodness is the unique nature of human beings and the fundamental symbol that distinguishes human beings from animals. He also emphasized the importance of human education and the influence of objective environment on people.

Mencius believed that only by struggling in adversity can a person inspire a strong enterprising spirit. A person can only survive by suffering from Jews, and the pursuit of happiness will inevitably lead to extinction. Mencius attached great importance to personality cultivation. He believed that there was something more important in life, and that was "righteousness". You can lay down your life for righteousness, which is what he said.