The excerpts and analysis of famous sayings are as follows:

1. Take copper as a mirror to dress your clothes; Taking the past as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. -"Biography of Wei Zhi in the Old Tang Dynasty"

Main idea: Use a bronze mirror as a mirror to arrange clothes; Taking history as a mirror, we can understand the law of the rise and fall of dynasties; You can know your own gains and losses by taking people as a mirror. Among them, "taking the past as a mirror" and "taking people as a mirror" are of great significance to the development of the country and the growth of individuals.

2. When you are cold, you will know that pine and cypress wither. -"The Analects of Confucius Zi Han". Main idea: Only when the weather is cold can we see that the pine and cypress are the last to wither. Later generations often use pines and cypresses to praise the strong people who are fearless and determined in real life.

3. Heaven will demote you to a great post, so (Sri Lanka) people must first suffer from their minds, work hard on their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, be empty of their bodies, and do whatever they do. -

Main idea: When God is about to hand over a great mission to a person, he will first suffer from mental distress, physical fatigue, hunger, emaciated skin, and always do things unsatisfactorily. This passage profoundly reveals that difficult adversity can better exercise people's will, make people grow their talents and achieve great things in the future.

4. Persevere, the dead wood will not fold; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. -"Xunzi, Encourage Learning". Main idea: if carving is abandoned halfway, even decaying wood can't be broken; If you keep carving, even metal and stone can carve patterns. This sentence takes sculpture as a metaphor, which shows that you must have perseverance and perseverance in doing things.

5. Stones can be broken, but not strong; Dan can grind, but not win the red. -"Lu Chunqiu Cheng Lian"

Main idea: Stone can be broken, but it can never change its inherent hardness; Cinnabar can be ground, but it can never change its own red color. These two sentences can be used as a metaphor. A person with firm will and noble character will not change his belief even if he suffers hardships.

6, sincerely add, the stone opens. -"The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Ten Kings of Guangwu". Main idea: As long as you have the heart to make it, even the stone can be broken. This sentence is always used to say, "If you are sincere, the stone will open." People use it as a metaphor. As long as you are determined and single-minded, there is nothing you can't do.

7. Worry and fatigue can rejuvenate the country, while leisure can lead to death. -"The History of the New Five Dynasties, Biography of Lingguan". Main idea: Worrying about working hard for state affairs can make the country prosperous, while pursuing ease and enjoyment can lead to its own demise. This sentence is similar to the truth of "born in sorrow and died in happiness", and both emphasize the need to have a sense of sorrow and not covet pleasure.

8. Those who have made great achievements in ancient times are not only outstanding talents, but also have the will to persevere. -Su Shi's On Chao Cuo. Main idea: People who were able to achieve great things in ancient times were not only because of their extraordinary talents, but also because of their perseverance. This sentence emphasizes that if a person wants to achieve something, he must dare to face difficulties, work hard and persevere.