Adam and Eve couldn't resist the temptation of snakes and ate the forbidden fruit that God told them not to eat-the "fruit of wisdom" that can distinguish good from evil. The fruit of wisdom is delicious, but the price is huge: Adam and Eve lost heaven. Not only that, their descendants have to inherit their "original sin" because of their crimes. Stealing forbidden fruit is considered to be the original sin of mankind and the beginning of all other evils.
2. Why do you say that the image of "God" reflects people's pursuit of their own perfection?
God is created by man, and the image of God created by man is said to be created in the image of God himself. Since God created human beings according to himself, and human beings say that God is omnipotent, it must be an idealized interpretation of our perfect imagination.
Because no one is perfect, but everyone wants to find that perfect person, only God is perfect, his perfect incarnation. So pursue him and worship him.
As the cornerstone of western culture, Christianity has a far-reaching impact on the ethics of western society. Many people think that the ultimate source of morality is Christianity. God has made laws for people, stipulating what is right and wrong, what can be done and what cannot be done.
If there is no God, then the legality of these moral laws can not be guaranteed, and people can do whatever they want.
3. Briefly describe the cultural characteristics of the Bible. (Teacher ppt has) 4. On the significance of "eschatology".
This is a theory that studies the possibility of the end of history and explores all related aspects. The "history" here mainly refers to human history, and the "world" mainly refers to the real world of human beings. Modern doomsday theory and Jewish-Christian eschatology are basically studied from this perspective. However, eschatology can also be a philosophical method, that is, the method of "studying problems according to the purpose" In this way, we can expand the meaning of "world", which can refer to the human world, nature and even a specific historical world; The meaning of "ending" can be relative or absolute. In this way, human history can be the end of natural history, natural history can be the end of human history, every transformation from free nature to humanized nature or relative "degradation" can also be some kind of end, and even a creative practice of each individual can be the end of all previous history (whether human history or natural history). Therefore, according to the different meanings of eschatology, we can explore and examine it from various angles, and establish historical philosophy, natural philosophy, ontology and epistemology. This paper is to understand eschatology in the sense of philosophical method. 5. Give examples to illustrate the influence of the Bible. The influence of the Bible on culture
The source of western culture is Hebrew culture (namely Christian culture) and Greek culture called "Greek culture". This shows the profound influence of the Bible on western culture. Literature: Dante's Divine Comedy and Milton's Paradise Lost are both influenced by the Bible. The influence of the Bible on literature can be seen from a sentence by Professor David Xie in Canada: "In fact, the Bible has become such a basic document in western literature. Without the precedent of the Bible, western literature would hardly have appeared today." Art: The works of Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, the three great masters of the European Renaissance, are mostly based on the Bible. Leonardo da vinci's The Last Supper, Raphael's The Sistine Madonna and Michelangelo's sculpture David are all.
Musically, Han Deer's Messiah, Haydn's Genesis, Beethoven's Christ on the Mount of Olives, Mendelssohn's Elijah and Bach's Passion of St. Matthew are all adapted from the Bible. Philosophy: Medieval philosophy is called "scholasticism" by scholars. Anselmus, Thomas Aquinas, Dunce Scott, Abela and other famous philosophers are all biblical scholars.
The Bible has a great influence on western literature and art. The Divine Comedy by Italian poet Dante vividly combines the myths in the Bible with the images of ancient historical figures and Italian politicians on the eve of the Renaissance through religious fantasy plots, profoundly describes the social life of Italy in the transitional period between the old and the new, and shows humanistic thoughts. Shakespeare, an English playwright, is very familiar with the Bible, and he quotes it many times in every play. Goethe's masterpiece Faust, the framework of its plot structure basically comes from the Bible Book of Job. Among Russian and former Soviet writers, many people like to create with stories in the Bible. Pushkin's The Prophet and lermontov's The Devil both express progressive thoughts in the image of the Bible. Mayakovski wrote a long poem "Man" with the Bible as the theme.
The Bible is a world famous book with the largest circulation in the world. It is also the most translated book. By the end of 1998, the Bible has been fully or partially translated into 22 12 languages, and there are still 1500 languages in translation. Therefore, its readers are all over the world and have great influence. The Bible is an encyclopedia, including astronomy, geography, biology, medicine, psychology, sociology, ethics, philosophy, aesthetics, religion, military science, history, politics, economics, folklore, law, linguistics, literature and so on. Especially famous for literature and art, many writers and artists at all times and all over the world look for materials from the Bible and extract "nutrients" from it, so that their works have immortal charm. From Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper to Michelangelo's The Last Judgment; From Handel's Messiah to Haydn's Genesis; From Dante's Divine Comedy to Milton's Paradise Lost; From Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice to Tolstoy's Resurrection; Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait.
Christianity has influenced western culture in many ways, and it has gradually penetrated into western philosophy, law, education and art (literature, music, architecture, painting and sculpture, etc.). ) and science. Rudolf jhering, a famous German jurist, famously said, "Rome conquered the world three times, using force for the first time, religion for the second time and law for the third time". In the field of education, Christianity also laid the foundation of modern western education. Some systems established by medieval universities, such as stipulating the courses that students must study, using textbooks, and awarding students degrees after graduation, have been passed down in western higher education to this day. In plastic arts, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and other architectural styles closely related to the development of Christianity constitute the characteristics of western architecture. Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and other paintings and sculptures related to Christian themes have added luster to the treasure house of western culture. The works representing the highest achievements of Michelangelo's sculpture style include the beautiful marble statue full of sadness, the mourning of Jesus by the Virgin Mary, the majestic Moses and the heroic David. These works not only make the author immortal, but also leave endless aesthetic feeling for future generations. In the field of natural science, Christianity objectively promoted the rise of modern western natural science. People's view of God has influenced their view of nature, which will inevitably affect their methods of exploring nature. "This can also partly explain why modern science is only produced in the West, not elsewhere. Christian literature, especially the Bible, has a lasting influence on European and American literature. Many great thinkers, writers and artists draw nutrition from the Bible and look for materials. /kloc-Chaucer's masterpiece Canterbury Tales in the 4th century,/kloc-The Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare in the 6th century,/kloc-Samson and Paradise Lost by Milton in the 7th century, Pilgrim's Progress by prose writer Ban Yanghe and He by contemporary German writer thomas mann. As a result, the Bible has become an inexhaustible source of European and American literature. Christianity has created splendid culture in the west, but it has also committed heinous crimes. It pursues the kingdom of God, but it is deeply immersed in the secular world. It follows the Solke Doctrine in theory, but it adopts sensualism in practice. It hoped to save the world, but once fell into a hell on earth? This typical self-division and binary opposition, as well as the general hypocrisy caused by trying to overcome this opposition, constitute the Middle Ages.
The most essential feature of Christian culture. The profound contradiction between divinity and human nature has caused the continuous pain between belief and rational interaction. This vacillating spiritual trait can only be observed by personal meditation, and it can also be biased to one end with the help of external practice, but different people receive quotations in different ways. With a ceremony of pretending to be "universal", everyone must follow the principle. The dogma of putting the cart before the horse has not saved believers, but has harmed hundreds of millions of people, imprisoned ideas and prevented academic development from flourishing. Until the eve of the Renaissance, Italians and Germans tried to break the deadlock of binary opposition from two aspects: physical enjoyment and spiritual freedom. The former gave birth to Italian humanism, while the latter led to the religious reform in Germany. These two reform movements echoed each other and complemented each other, which constituted a watershed in the transition from medieval Christian culture to modern western culture, and the great Renaissance began. Since then, faith and reason have performed their respective duties, and western society has gradually formed an atmosphere of religious tolerance and separation of church and state. Renaissance finally gave birth to the seeds of hope in the noise of death in the Middle Ages and launched a worldwide rationalization movement.
6. Many outstanding scientists are devout Christians. Talk about your views on this phenomenon.
"Can a real scientist be a Christian at the same time?" This is a modern French astrophysicist and a famous authority on elementary particle physics. Langer's question. His answer is yes. He said, "I am a man of faith. I have never lost my religious belief." Newton: The "Newton" section of the Encyclopedia Britannica recorded his words; "At the end of my telescope, I saw God passing by me." Religion without science is blind, and science without religion is lame. "-Einstein said.
Science and religion have always been closely related. To some extent, there is no science without religion. Newton began to study theology in his later years after he made great achievements in natural science. Why? Because science itself can change their world view and make them believe that the world must be arranged by someone, otherwise how can it be so rigorous?
Why can scientists believe in religion? Because scientists are always dissatisfied with the established explanation of the world, I can explain the motion of objects, so there are three laws of Newton; I can explain the laws of celestial bodies, so I have a special theory of relativity; I can explain the chemical reaction, so there is quantum mechanics? But there are many problems that cannot be explained. For example, what is the origin of life? How did the first life on earth come into being? Where do people go after death? Where were you before you died? When these problems cannot be solved, we need to give them an account. When they can't explain it scientifically, they turn to religion. Therefore, religion is not only their belief, but also a kind of spiritual comfort to comfort their anxiety when they can't explain it.
1. Science also has its own limitations, and there are always unknown fields.
No one can give a comprehensive explanation of the essence of religion, and because of this, the form of religion in reality is always greater than the essence. People who hold a negative attitude towards this issue may look at the form more than the essence.
The influence of religion on science should be mainly reflected in the influence on people's thinking ability and thinking method, so whether the two conflict depends on whether people's scientific thinking is bound by religion. Observing the world religions, we will find that although religious persecution has restricted the development of science to a certain extent in the historical description, it can be said that Christianity has not restricted the development of scientists, or the growth of human individual thinking, which is closely related to religious teachings. In Christ, God created the world, but he did not object to people explaining the laws of the world, so Newton and others tried to find out, in order to make the public admire God's greatness.
Science studies the laws of the material world, that is, the laws of material movement in this world that we can see. On the other hand, religion is not. Religion mainly studies the laws of the spiritual world or the laws of the humanistic world. The two are not on the same plane. Is a completely different knowledge system. The two are not contradictory in nature.
For many scientists, he found that there are too many exquisite things in the universe, which are beautiful and can not be explained by accidental coincidence.