There are so many Chinese paintings that it is hard to count. From the point of view of criticism, there are two kinds of paintings: one is to be seen, and the other is not only to be seen but also worth reading. Mei Mosheng in the "everyone is not born? On Huang Binhong said:? Paintings that can be seen are pleasing to the eyes; Readable painting, washing of the mind. ? Again:? The paintings that can be seen are more beautiful; A picture that can be read has many connotations. ? Readable paintings should be carefully read, and the deeper you taste them, the more shocking they are. The reason is that it is rich in connotation and profound in thought. Undoubtedly, Huang Binhong's paintings belong to the latter.
First, fully read the history of Confucian classics and realize nature
In 1865, Huang Binhong was born in Jinhua, Zhejiang. He was born in an extremely miserable age in old China. After two Opium Wars, he was weak and poor, and he was moving towards a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society day by day. Huang Binhong's father, Huang Dinghua, is a Confucian businessman who loves painting and calligraphy and has a rich collection. His greatest hope for Huang Binhong is to be promoted to an official position and honor his ancestors. When Huang Binhong was 4 years old, his father taught him Shuo Wen Jie Zi. At the age of five, Huang Binhong began to learn painting and copied Shen Tingrui's landscape painting album. In order to get the key to the official career, Huang Binhong mainly studied in a private school. Private school education has laid a solid foundation for his Chinese studies. When Huang Binhong was 13 years old, he went back to Shexian, his hometown, and took part in the boy's test (county test). He was among the best in the first test. However, the imperial examination was entirely in accordance with his father's orders, not his preference, and he was most willing to learn books and paint. Therefore, he used the advantage of collecting a lot of calligraphy and painting at home to copy ancient paintings day and night, tirelessly, and even copied some famous paintings to the point of confusion.
Huang Binhong studied painting at the same time. Soon after, he was admitted to Ziyang Academy, where he studied under Xinmen, Wang Zong, and received a systematic science education. Wang Zong Xin has a solid foundation in Chinese studies and profound knowledge. Huang Binhong further consolidated his foundation of Chinese studies under his door, which had a great influence on his later study. Huang Binhong admires Wang Zongxin's character, learning and patriotism, calling it? A giant of modern Chinese studies? .
In 1885, Huang Binhong returned to his hometown to take the exam again. This time, he failed to live up to the expectations of his family and failed to achieve it. After this blow, Huang Binhong decided to give up the imperial examination and find a new way to stand in the world from calligraphy.
In Huang Binhong's painting career, there were two people who had great influence on him. One is Ni Yifu. Ni Yifu and Huang Dinghua are close friends, good at painting and poetry. Huang Binhong admired him when he was young, and pestered Mr. Ni all day to learn painting from him. Seeing that Huang Binhong was intelligent and eager to learn, Mr. Ni taught him painting skills and told him to paint? When the word method is used, the pen should be clear, so as not to be a painter? . Huang Binhong took this remark as a famous saying of learning painting and did it for life. What happened to him later? Painting with books, painting with stones? The formation of ideas also played a great role. The other is Zheng Xuehu, an old painter in Huaining, Anhui. At the age of 2, Huang Binhong paid a special visit to Zheng Xuehu, and took out his own exercise and asked him for advice. Zheng Xuehu saw that Huang Binhong was open-minded and eager to learn, so he taught him some landscape painting methods and painting theories. Among them,? It's easy to be real, but difficult to be virtual? The point of view is particularly detailed. Huang Binhong has always kept these six calligraphy and painting strategies in mind, and has been searching for them all his life. Finally, he found the answer during his trip to Sichuan to visit Qingcheng Mountain.
One day in the early spring of 1933, Huang Binhong came to Qingcheng Mountain, and it rained heavily halfway up the mountain. The rain soaked his clothes, but he didn't care at all. On the contrary, the peaks that appear and disappear in the rain and the trees that sway in the wind make him feel infinitely comfortable and happy. When he turned from the back of Jinyan to Zhugangkou, he suddenly found many waterfalls hanging on the opposite rock wall, passing through the hazy rain curtain, like silver wires falling from the sky. This stunning beauty made Huang Binhong's heart move. Regardless of the wind and rain, he enjoyed the mountains, Woods and thousands of feet flowing springs in the rain and sang? There are far and near peaks in front of the splash-ink mountain, and there are many difficulties in Mijia. Qingcheng sits in the rain and dries up Kun, and only when you enter Shu can you know that it is picturesque? . When he returned to Chengdu, he couldn't hold back his inner excitement and drew more than a dozen "Scenery of Qingcheng Mountain" in one breath. These paintings are painted in different ways, such as splashing ink, burning ink and Su Mo's dry brush. After repeated experiments, Huang Binhong finally found it? Rain on the wall Painting skills. ? Rain on the wall It is about the construction of white walls and blue tiles in Huizhou residential buildings. The white horse head wall has left many traces of rain leakage due to wind and rain erosion, which looks like the effect of ink smudging on a piece of white paper from a distance. How to show this effect? Huang Binhong worked hard for it and finally found a good way of expression in Qingcheng Mountain. This is a typical loyalty? Taoism is natural? The practice of ideas is also Huang Binhong? Long-term accumulation, occasionally get it? The crystallization of. He was extremely excited to be able to draw in nature.
On his way back to Shanghai, Huang Binhong was attracted by the scenery of fengjie county again. He chose to travel at night to sketch. The tone of the night mountain is black, and the place where the moonlight shines directly on the rock is silvery white. Through the moonlight, the mountain forest vaguely exudes an aura of inherent color, either yellow or green; The dark place without moonlight was black with paint. Looking at it, it is clear and uneven, and the changes are subtle. Huang Binhong quickly drew some sketches in the moonlight. There is no painting in the moonlight. Draw the outline of the rock wall in the dark, and then add black layer by layer? This is what Huang Binhong used to do later? Ink accumulation method? . The next morning, Huang Binhong took out these drawings and re-examined them, greatly amazed. The moon moves to the wall, and the reality is virtual, and the virtual is real. Wonderful! Wonderful! Wonderful! ? Zheng Xuehu, an old painter who Huang Binhong has been begging for for nearly 5 years? It's easy to be real, but difficult to be virtual? The six calligraphy and painting formulas have finally been interpreted in nature. He wrote in a letter to a friend:? Where do I get the powder book? The rain moves the wall on the moon. ?
The trip to Sichuan has deepened Huang Binhong's understanding of nature. Real? With? Virtual? Understanding, the harvest is quite rich. ? Real? Is a faithful description of nature? Virtual? It is the refinement of the essence of nature. In a painting, the virtual and the real are unified. If it is too real, it will damage the artistic conception of the picture, and if it is too empty, it will lose the natural ontology. Only? Virtual and real? , can be called beauty. Virtual reality should be viewed from the real point of view, and the same reality should be set off by virtual reality. Huang Binhong understood this truth and fully demonstrated this idea of Laozi in his paintings.
what is the root of Huang binhong's painting? The author believes that his roots are in Taoism. Huang Binhong once said:? Laozi said:? Taoism is natural. ? Zhuang sheng said:? Technology advances on the road. ? A painter must read the books of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and a painter must see the famous paintings of ancient and modern times. ? (Collected Works of Huang Binhong) Chinese painting must be based on philosophy, poetry, calligraphy and spirit, which is also a reflection of the painter's attitude towards life and cultural accumulation. In short, what kind of life experience, what kind of cultural accomplishment, what kind of world outlook, there will be what kind of painting. For example, the paintings of Badashan people are empty and empty, and they can't do it unless they are people; Qi Baishi's paintings are healthy and fresh, and it is not impossible for him. Similarly, the vastness and quietness of Huang Binhong's paintings is not that he can't do it.
Second, constantly seeking change and opening up
To discuss the formation of Huang Binhong's painting thought, we must mention an important figure who has a profound influence on it? Tan sitong
in 1895? Reform movement? In China, progressives have responded. Huang Binhong is also a warm-blooded young man. Did he propose it to Tan Sitong? Leather to the old, tripod to take the new? I especially appreciate the improvement thought of. In the summer of 1895, he entrusted his friend Xiao Zhen to meet Tan Sitong in Guichi, Anhui. This meeting made Huang Binhong unforgettable for life. Tan sitong said:? Although our country is a big country, how can we get talents if we don't learn? It is imperative to spread western learning to the east. How can we stop it? In the future, when our country is developed, eastern learning can also be spread to the west. Science is taken from heaven and earth and applied to the whole world. Since westerners use it, how can we not use it? Tan Sitong's views and remarks made Huang Binhong deeply moved, and he felt a sense of meeting and hating each other. After more than three years, the two often wrote letters, and Huang Binhong was deeply influenced by Tan Sitong.
Tan Sitong put forward in Benevolence? Benevolence takes communication as the first meaning? . This one? Tongda? Thought becomes Huang Binhong? Open the door to welcome guests? The basis of artistic thought. Huang Binhong said in "Folk Studies of Chinese Painting":? There must be no difference between Chinese painting and western painting in the future world. ? He also said:? Carry forward our spirit of folk learning, open our arms to the world and be ready to shake hands with anyone who comes. ? These views are actually Tan Sitong? Tongda? The concrete expression of thought in Huang Binhong's painting art thought.
? Open the door to welcome guests? To some extent, his artistic thought has played a positive role in the promotion and maturity of Huang Binhong's painting art.
At the beginning of the 2th century, Chinese painting, like the fate of the Chinese nation, faced a life-and-death choice. In this regard, China painting is divided into two? Plate? Some people of insight saw the dawn of Chinese painting coming out of the corner from foreign cultures and began to explore the transformation of languid Chinese painting with western painting techniques; Other old-fashioned people cling to the past and stick to the rules. Apart from lamenting the decline of the river, they are content with a corner of peace.
Huang Binhong chose to stick to the tradition, copy a lot of ancient works, and transform and develop Chinese painting on the basis of inheriting the tradition. At that time, people defined him as? Old school? This is a misinterpretation of him. On the contrary, Huang Binhong chose the right way to save Chinese painting. This is a way to return to the original to survive. Is it different from those who regard tradition as dross and are enthusiastic about western culture? New school? It is also different from seeing foreign culture as a scourge and being archaic? Old school? , but in the new and old two? Plate? Beyond the edge, survive in the cracks. This is a difficult and lonely road of Chinese painting reform and innovation. Because Huang Binhong's exploration and innovation were not understood by people, he was marginalized by the painting circle at that time, and some even thought that he could not paint. As you can imagine, how lonely and lonely he was at that time! However, Huang Binhong still sticks to his philosophy and goes his own way with difficulty and steadfastness. Unique? Huang binhong? Finally, he pushed Chinese painting to a new stage in his later years. This is closely related to his open and understanding thoughts, persistent spirit, distinctive vision and broad mind, and also to Tan Sitong's influence on him.
Huang Binhong admires Tan Sitong and misses him all his life. On his deathbed, he murmured a poem he wrote for Tan Sitong's martyrdom. Thousands of years of praise in Artemisia, worthy of the Taoist people. ? This shows Tan Sitong's supreme position in Huang Binhong's mind and their deep friendship.
third,? Naimei? Features,? Folk studies? Thought
There is an insurmountable link in the formation of Huang Binhong's painting thought, that is, his 3 years in Shanghai and 11 years in Beijing.
In 197, Huang Binhong was accused of casting money privately to help revolutionaries solve their activities, and was wanted by the Qing government to flee to Shanghai. It is necessary to study Huang Binhong's painting thoughts by discussing his transformation after he arrived in Shanghai. So, what changes has he made?
First of all, he changed from a revolutionary who held the idea of democratic revolution and risked his life to take an active part in anti-Qing revolutionary activities to an editor, publisher, professor, antique dealer and painter. Why is there such a big change? The author believes that his transformation is not entirely for the sake of livelihood and foothold, but after several failures in revolutionary activities, he calmly analyzed the situation and began to rationally consider what a scholar should do to save the country and survive. He used art to save the country according to his ambition and specialty, so as to serve the country. Judging from his artistic performance in the latter half of his life, although his identity has changed, his goal of striving for strength and saving the country has not changed, only the path and method have changed.
Secondly, there were a large number of outstanding talents in Shanghai at that time, such as Wu Changshuo, Zhang Daqian, Lin Fengmian, Gao Jianfu, Lu Xun, Liu Yazi, Xu Beihong, Fu Lei, Wang Guowei, Shen Cengzhi, Kang Youwei and Luo Zhenyu. Huang Binhong, who first arrived in Shanghai, got along with people from all walks of life in harmony with a very open and inclusive mind, and absorbed the strengths of people from all walks of life. Shanghai's cultural atmosphere and environment tempered and forged him, which broadened his horizons and increased his knowledge. He suffers? Shanghai style? Under the influence of culture, we have a broader mind and a far-reaching vision than before. Undoubtedly, these are very helpful to improve his painting art level. But, is Huang Binhong right? Shanghai style? Culture is not completely absorbed. He disdains the utilitarianism and commerciality in the field of painting, and never caters to the market and paints those colorful paintings.
during Huang binhong's stay in Beijing, what was the painting scene in Beijing? Beijing school? The painter is in control. ? Beijing school? Painting is characterized by serving the kingship, whitewashing peace and praising virtues; In the form of painting, it is colorful and gorgeous, neat and rigorous. What are these manifestations? Monarchical power? Theocracy? Huang Binhong's painting ideas were out of tune with his own, so he resolutely resisted. The result is, of course, it is difficult to integrate into the painting circle in Beijing, and it is even less understood by the outside world. It is said that Huang Binhong once gave away his paintings, but people refused them in person, saying that they were too dark to understand. It can be seen how embarrassed Huang Binhong was at that time. Even so, he still sticks to his own thoughts and style of painting and does not change his original intention. This is Huang Binhong's artistic vision and artistic thought, which is beyond people's reach.
Whether in Shanghai or Beijing, Huang Binhong has always been marginalized in the painting world. But he never wanted to change this situation, let alone hype himself.
What should we think of Huang Binhong's contradictory situation at that time? The author believes that he is willing to be lonely because he has made a profound analysis of the history and present situation of Chinese painting and understood the development direction of Chinese painting. He sticks to his painting ideas and is not moved by the times. As Zeng Guofan said:? Be alone and guard your heart. ? Huang Binhong chose to stick to it and was doomed to be lonely. In this regard, he is indifferent. Because he knows that his goal and pursuit are beyond others' understanding. He once said to his family and students: It will be fifty years before anyone can understand my painting. You will wait and see! ? How confident!
Huang Binhong is a scholar-type artist. His academic quality and personality determine the realm and thoughts he pursues, which the painters at that time could not understand. So, what does he want to express in his painting? The author believes that what he wants to express is the Chinese nation's? Scholar? Cultural spirit. This spirit is embodied in his paintings? Naimei? , its ideological core is? Folk studies? .
The core of the thinker Huang Zongxi's proposition is that the people are paramount. Huang Binhong admired Huang Zongxi's ideas in his early years. He was founded in Shexian with his friends Xu Chengyao, Chen Qubing and others? Huangshe? , promoting Huang Zongxi? Folk studies? Advocate. Huang Zongxi? People-oriented He was deeply impressed by his thoughts. In his later career as an artist, he gradually turned? People-oriented Rise to? Take the national spirit as the priority? . Throughout Huang Binhong's life, the characteristics of painting became clearer in his later years? The techniques of composition and painting vary from time to time, and the national spirit will never change. This is what he admire in that humanistic concept? Folk studies? Sublimation.
because Huang binhong stood on the macro meteorology, charm, breath and temperament of China culture, his painting thought grasped the most core and essential thing of China culture, that is, the four words he summed up himself? Rich and gorgeous. Are these four words Huang Binhong's paintings? Naimei? The concentrated performance. Hun, boundless; Thick, heavy and simple; Hua, Gao Hua; Zi, bright and clear. These four words condensed his understanding of China culture, right