1 Since last year, the country has entered a period of planned socialist construction and systematic socialist transformation. To build China into a great socialist country, we must mobilize the people of the country to work together. Under the leadership of the working class and the Communist Party, we will gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country and gradually realize the socialist transformation of capitalist industry, commerce, and handicrafts. At the same time, farmers should be led to implement socialist transformation of agriculture and gradually realize agricultural co-operation. National socialist industrialization is a lever that drives the overall national economy forward. Only in terms of its relationship with agriculture: With the development of industry, it is possible to provide a large number of agricultural machinery, chemical fertilizers and other production materials, so that it is possible to gradually change the ancient farming methods that exist in agriculture to facilitate agricultural cooperation. The development of industrialization has greatly improved agricultural productivity and continuously improved farmers' lives; with the development of industry, cities can continuously supply farmers with a large number of cheap consumer goods, gradually meeting the needs of farmers to improve their lives; with The development of industry can quickly lead to the development of foreign transportation, accelerate the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas, and thus expand the sales of agricultural and sideline products. Only with the development of industry can we not only solve the employment problem of urban people, but also attract millions of farmers to the industry, mining, transportation, forestry and construction industries to absorb the surplus labor force in rural areas; with the development of industry, can we create cultural The rise of education and health professions allows science and technology to fully exert its effectiveness in serving workers and peasants. At the same time, the country can have greater power to pay social relief fees, student grants, urban and rural housing construction fees, etc., not only to meet the needs of urban people, It also addresses the needs of rural farmers. In short, as a result of the country's industrialization, it is possible to transform the country's agriculture on the basis of new technologies, create a new relationship between urban and rural areas and between workers and peasants, and enable farmers to enter a new happy life of socialism and become wealthy and prosperous. Civilized people. Obviously, industrialization is the highest interest of the people of the country, and naturally it is also the highest interest of farmers.

But the rise of industry must be matched by the rise of agricultural production. Because the development of industry requires an increasing supply of food, cotton and other industrial raw materials. An increasingly broad domestic market and capital accumulation from agriculture are needed. Therefore, we must not wait for industry to be fully developed before we start developing agriculture. Instead, we must focus on industry and develop agricultural production accordingly according to the needs of national industrialization. This is an urgent requirement of national industrialization for agriculture, and it is also a must for our entire rural work. Basic tasks accomplished. However, the current scattered and backward small-scale farmers' economic production, which is based on one household, cannot adopt new agricultural tools and new farming methods, nor can it afford large-scale afforestation, afforestation, and water conservancy projects to withstand natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and sandstorms, let alone expand quickly. Therefore, it is impossible to meet the growing needs of the people and socialist industrialization for agricultural products. The unbalanced development of industry and agriculture is the contradiction in the current process of socialist industrialization in our country. If this contradiction cannot be resolved. If agricultural development is allowed to lag behind the needs of industrial development for a long time, the result will inevitably affect the progress of industrialization. So what's the way out? The only way out is to adopt effective methods: gradually transform this small peasant economy from small production to large production, but without adopting a rich peasant-style capitalist system. Of course, rich peasant-style capitalist agriculture with wage labor can also develop into large-scale production, and its productivity is greater than that of individual farmers. However, because it is based on the exploitation of others, the result of implementing this system is For the few rich farmers themselves, production has developed. But on the other hand, it has led to the bankruptcy and poverty of a large number of working farmers, which is incompatible with the interests of the majority of farmers and completely contradictory to the overall national task of implementing the country's socialist industrialization and agricultural socialist transformation. We must not take the capitalist road to transform the small-scale peasant economy. Instead, we can only follow the socialist principles and adopt the cooperative road to gradually transform the small-scale peasant economy, so that the individual small-scale peasant economy can gradually turn into a cooperative large-scale peasant economy. Only in this way can we improve agriculture. production, to meet the needs of the development of the country's socialist industrialization cause, and to gradually and generally benefit farmers' lives, so that everyone can develop and become rich together, and avoid the polarization of the rural economy - a few farmers get rich, and the majority of farmers Bankruptcy and poverty. This naturally leads to the following conclusion: developing agricultural production and implementing socialist transformation of agriculture are two aspects of the same task and must not be separated.

二

To promote rural co-operation and gradually realize the socialist transformation of agriculture, we must develop agricultural production through three forms of production cooperation, supply and marketing cooperation, and credit cooperation. The mutual aid and cooperation movement is the basis of rural cooperativization.

Since the liberation of the country, agricultural cooperativeization has made great progress. As of last year, nearly half of the country's farmers had joined agricultural production mutual aid groups, and more than 200,000 farmers had joined agricultural production cooperatives. So far, there are nearly 70,000 production cooperatives across the country. The majority of farmers and rural youth have realized the benefits of mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production from their own personal experience.

During the planned purchase of grain last winter, an unprecedented scale of education was conducted on the Party's general line during the transitional period. Farmers' enthusiasm for mutual aid and cooperation has become even higher. Many farmers are planning to organize mutual aid groups, and many mutual aid groups want to be converted into cooperatives. Many rural youths have played an active role in this. Facts have proved that it is possible for farmers who rely on their own labor to make a living and strive to get rid of exploitation to move towards socialism. Agricultural production mutual aid cooperative organizations will develop, consolidate and improve year by year, and will eventually attract all working farmers to participate in cooperatization and guide them to socialism.

However, agricultural cooperativeization is related to the production and living issues of more than 10 million farmers, to the coordination of the entire agricultural production and national industrialization, and to the cooperation between the party and hundreds of millions of farmers. It is related to the basic policy issue of the alliance of workers and peasants, and this cooperative undertaking is still a new topic for the majority of farmers and ordinary cadres, except for the old liberated areas and areas where mutual assistance and cooperation have been successful in the past few years. Attracting more than 10 million households of farmers to the road of co-operation is a more arduous task than land reform, and it is also a more complicated struggle than land reform. Therefore, in order to truly do a good job in mutual aid and cooperation and complete the great cause of agricultural cooperation, we must correctly handle the following three issues:

First of all, we must adhere to the principle of voluntariness. Whether we participate in mutual aid or cooperate, we must It is based on the true voluntariness of the farmers and cannot be forced at all. If the farmers are to be voluntary anyway, we can only adopt the policy of persuasion and education and typical demonstration methods, and no other policies and methods can be adopted. Peasants are laborers who do not want to be exploited and do not rely on exploiting others for a living. This determines that they may move towards the path of socialist co-operation under the leadership of the working class. But they are also small private owners. They rely on independent labor on their own small pieces of private land to make a living. This kind of private ownership of land and individual production system have developed the individualistic psychology and independent management habits of farmers, thus making them It is natural to have many concerns when participating in mutual aid cooperation. In particular, middle peasants and wealthy middle peasants who own more land and other means of production have more concerns. They are often afraid that others will take advantage of them and suffer losses themselves. I am used to running a business alone, but once I work in a group, I am afraid of not getting along well with others. Or you are not free, these concerns are conceivable. Precisely because farmers, especially middle peasants, have various concerns, many of them are initially hesitant to take the road of socialist co-operation. What attitude should the party and the people's government adopt towards them? Undoubtedly, we can only adopt the policy of persuasion and education to help them eliminate their concerns and make them participate voluntarily. We must not use any coercion or disguised coercion to treat them. Some people are still unable to wake up after persuasion and education, so we have to adopt the policy of waiting for them to wake up. When we achieve success in other mutual-aid cooperatives and let them see with their own eyes the fact that mutual-aid groups are better than going it alone, and cooperatives are better than mutual-aid groups, these people will eventually be willing to join the mutual-aid and cooperative movement. It should be clearly affirmed here that we must never adopt the same policy towards the wavering peasants and the exploiters. Leninism teaches: "We must follow the principle of voluntariness and use methods to convince the people that public collective farming is superior to individual farming to guide farmers onto the track of collective farming." "Only by making it concrete in front of the farmers and using facts, Only when it is proved through experience that collective farms are indeed superior to individual farms, that collective farms are indeed more advantageous than individual farms, and that collective farms can indeed help farmers—poor peasants and middle peasants—get rid of poverty and hardship can farmers be convinced of the superiority of collective farms. "Without these conditions, collective farms cannot be stable." "Attempting to establish collective farms by force... will only lead to bad things and make the peasants leave the collective farm movement." Lenin said: "The use of force here is tantamount to ruining the movement." "All undertakings." Lenin also said: "It will take several generations to transform the small farmers, and to transform the entire psychology and habits of the small farmers. To solve this small farmer problem, and to improve the entire psychology of the small farmers, we must have a material foundation. Technology, we must use tractors and machines on a large scale in agriculture, and implement electrification on a large scale.” These wise words show that the cooperative movement must adhere to the principle of voluntariness, and must use persuasive education and demonstration methods to make them truly voluntary, and cannot adopt coercive methods. However, in actual work, many comrades often violate this principle of voluntariness. In order to catch up with their tasks, they often like to use administrative orders to force farmers to form co-operatives. Some comrades also adopted the policy of persuasion and education at the beginning, but when the persuasion and education failed, they Impatiently, he abandoned this goal and adopted coercive measures. Or inappropriately put many political labels on those farmers who are temporarily unwilling to participate in forming cooperatives, such as saying that "it is not honorable to operate alone", "it is a small Taiwan to operate alone", "it is the idea of ??spontaneous capitalism to work alone", "mutual aid groups are backward, and cooperatives are advanced" Wait, it is also very inappropriate to use these political hats to encourage farmers to join organizations and join cooperatives. The result of this may be to force the farmers to temporarily join the organization and join the cooperative, but this will not gain the farmers' consent. Instead, it may arouse their suspicion and resentment, and they will withdraw from the organization and cooperative at the first opportunity.

Therefore, we must make all rural work comrades and