Introduction to poor authors
Feodor? Mikhailovich? Dostoevsky, Russian writer.
Dostoevsky was born in a small aristocratic family and spent his childhood in Moscow and the countryside. 1846 published his first novel, The Poor, which received rave reviews. The novella White Night was published in 1848. During the period of 1849, he was exiled to Siberia for participating in anti-serfdom activities. During this period, he published novels such as Insulted and Damaged, Crime and Punishment, Idiot, Devil and brothers karamazov.
Dostoevsky's novels are dramatic and the plot develops rapidly. The ensuing catastrophic events are often accompanied by complex and intense psychological struggles and painful spiritual crises, thus exposing the complexity, contradiction and profound tragedy of bourgeois relations.
Introduction to the Works of Poor Authors: Crime and Punishment
Crime and Punishment is an outstanding social psychological novel, and its publication marks the maturity of Dostoevsky's artistic style.
The novel focuses on the crime of the protagonist Raskolnikov and his conscience and moral punishment after the crime, and widely describes the desperate and tragic situation and increasingly sharp social contradictions of the Russian urban poor. Petersburg, the capital of the author, is a dark scene: prostitutes with black eyes gather in the grass market, female workers struggling to throw themselves into the river in the dirty river, poor civil servants are knocked down by wagons, and crazy women beg along the street with their children? At the same time, the old usurer drained the last drop of blood and sweat of the poor with her fierce eyes wide open, and the stinking scholars did not hesitate to kill the "little people" by deception and framing to achieve the purpose of self-interest, while the dissolute aristocratic landlords continued to do outrageous things to satisfy their animal desires? With heartfelt sympathy and full of indignation, the author mercilessly presents the darkness, abject poverty, despair and filth of the Russian capital from 65438 to 2009 in the 1960s to the readers.
Raskolnikov is the central figure in the novel and a typical image with dual personality: he is a kind-hearted and helpful poor college student and a talented young man with a sense of justice, but at the same time he is gloomy and withdrawn, "sometimes even indifferent and insensitive to the point of inhumanity". In order to prove that he is an "extraordinary person", he even kills people. "He seems to have two things on him." It is this fierce conflict of dual personalities that makes the hero constantly waver between affirming and denying his "theory" (that is, the views on "ordinary people" and "extraordinary people"). For Raskolnikov, if he is willing to be an "ordinary person", then the tragic ending of Malmi Radov awaits him, and if he is a "master of mankind" regardless of all moral standards, he will be in cahoots with the unscrupulous and despicable Lu people and Sved Rigelov. The dominant side of his personality finally gained the advantage in the fierce struggle, and pushed him to finally deny his "theory" and move closer to Sonia. Through this image, the novel profoundly exposes the poison of the bourgeois "law of the jungle" principle to petty-bourgeois intellectuals, strongly criticizes the anti-humanitarian nature of this principle, and objectively denies the anarchist resistance based on the "superman" philosophy, because this resistance will never bring a new turn for the oppressed.
However, the above exposure and criticism made by the author are only based on ethical and moral concepts and religious thoughts. In the author's opinion, all methods of fighting violence with violence are not enough, because people can't escape the punishment from their hearts, and they are destroying themselves while destroying others. The author also tries to attribute Raskolnikov's criminal behavior to giving up his belief in God. In Sonia's words, it is because "you left God, and God punished you and handed you over to the devil!" " "The road of" rebirth "arranged by the author for Raskolnikov is actually a road of compromise with the dark reality, which is the so-called" Sonia Road ". The author regards Sonia as a symbol of human suffering, which embodies the idea of believing in God, enduring misfortune and purifying the soul through pain. As a victim of the dark society and the most oppressed woman, Sonia's image has a typical significance that cannot be underestimated, but as an ideal figure, this image is very pale. Obviously, these religious thoughts advocated by Dostoevsky in the novel are not in harmony with the powerful criticism shown in the whole work: the sharp contradiction of the author's world outlook is fully displayed here.
Crime and Punishment has a high artistic achievement. The novel fully shows Dostoevsky's characteristics of "depicting the mysteries in the depths of human hearts". The author always puts the characters in the inevitable contradiction and reveals the characters' character through their tragic inner conflicts. At the same time, the author's description of hallucinations, nightmares and abnormal psychology is also excellent. In the novel, the plot structure is relatively subordinate because the author tries to broaden the psychological structure of the characters. Although the experience of Malmi Radov's family in the work is sympathetic and the murder is exciting, they are only part of "a criminal psychological report". Because of this, the inner world of the hero is presented to readers with unprecedented breadth and depth. In addition, the scene of this novel changes quickly, the scene passes quickly, the main plot process takes only a few days, and it contains rich ideological content in the condensed time and space.