Social phenomenon refers to all activities related to the same species-phenomena closely related to production, existence and development. Natural phenomena are the general name of various reactions of animal groups in nature. Social phenomena can be divided into positive social phenomena and negative social phenomena according to whether they are conducive to the development of this species. Studying and paying attention to social phenomena is conducive to grasping the law of animal development, exploring the good development process of society and changing bad habits.
The definition in the sociological sense is this: all "active states", whether fixed or not, are felt by individuals as long as they are forced by external forces; In other words, a kind of compulsion exists generally in the group, which is independent of the individual's internal existence and acts on the individual, making the individual feel. This compulsion is called social phenomenon. In sociology, it is easy to establish such a close relationship with life, structure, system and function, because there are a series of directly observable media between individuals and society, which shows the relationship between them. There is no such material in biology, so the order of research is different from that in sociology.
Two: If I want to design human society, what are my requirements for society?
The first is safety, personal safety, property safety and occupational safety.
Second, the definition of efficiency is "the value created by everyone in unit time." People usually say that per capita income refers to efficiency.
Third, fairness means that everyone has the same opportunities and is subject to the same restrictions. This restriction is the law. My definition of fairness is: "The ratio of the value created by any one person in society to the control range of this person is equal to the ratio of the value created by any other person in this society to the control range of this other person." The "scope of control" here refers to the sum of "power" and "interest". This definition means that everyone's income should be in direct proportion to his contribution, with more work and more gains, less work and less gains, and less work and no gains. The problem is that "value" is difficult to measure What is the value created by Einstein? What about Newton?
Fourth, social freedom. What is social freedom? First of all, we must figure out what freedom is. Freedom is defined as unlimited and unconstrained. There are two kinds of restrictions, one comes from nature and is called natural restriction. For example, people can't live in water like fish, and fish can't live on land like people. Another kind of restriction is artificial, such as the restriction on people's thoughts and speech, the restriction on migration and career choice, which is called social restriction. There is no natural restriction, which is called natural freedom; There is no social restriction, which is called social freedom. If you buy a car or motorcycle, you can go to many places that you couldn't go before, which means you have more natural freedom. But if you have many accidents, or if you drive under the influence of alcohol, the judge will revoke your driver's license. This is called social restriction.
Fifth, natural freedom. Freedom of time, space and so on.
Sixth, equality refers to the equality of wealth distribution.
Dialectical understanding of society
Just like when designing a car, these six requirements for society are contradictory. As shown in figure 1, the dotted line indicates the contradictory relationship, the solid line indicates the complementary relationship, and the wireless line indicates that there is no direct relationship. This picture has seven dotted lines and two solid lines, representing nine relationships.
Six requirements and their relationship
Related famous sentences
Illiteracy is one of the most intolerable social diseases, the most shameful, or more correctly, the most unpleasant social phenomenon. Kalinin
Solving the problem of language evolution is as difficult as solving the mystery of species evolution; The evolution of language is not only a social phenomenon, but also a natural phenomenon, and it is also the result of human psychological development and historical and cultural evolution. Because the origin and change of language has its internal causes and external influences, it increases the complexity of language evolution.