According to several literary historians, the development of poetry is epic, drama and lyric. China's poems are different. China wrote epics, while China people lacked what Wall called "epic heart". China's best dramatic poems came into being after the most perfect lyric poems. The essence and peak of pure lyric poetry appeared in China's poems very early. So China's poems are precocious. The price of precocity is premature aging. China's poetry reached a lofty realm overnight, and then it lacked change and gradually became corrupt. This phenomenon is very common in China culture. For example, China's painting, the technology of objective portrait has not yet developed, but it has already developed the "pure painting" style of "impressionism" and "post-impressionism"; China's logic is extremely rough, and Hegel envies his meticulous dialectics. There is no such thing as gravity in China people's hearts. They just jump up. The Sanskrit "Hundred Similes Classic" says that an Indian fool wants to live in three floors, and two floors are not allowed to be built below. This is China's artistic thought structure. This is often a castle in the air, because China people are smart and vicious.
In your country, Poe advocates that the shorter the length of a poem, the better. The name "long poem" is self-contradictory, and the longest poem can't be read for more than half a minute. Unfortunately, he doesn't know Chinese. China's poetry is a blitzkrieg in literary appreciation, with an average of only two or three minutes. Compared with western novellas, China's long poems are just a light kite scissors in rhyme. Of course, it is forbidden to rhyme a word twice in a poem, which limits the length of China's poems. However, if shoes form feet, feet also form shoes; Poetic style may be the product of poetic heart and meet the needs of poetic heart. Compared with western poets, China poets can only be regarded as sculptors with cherry stones and two-inch ivory squares. However, a short poem can have a distant meaning, and contraction does not hinder extension, as if we want to see farther, and every eyebrow is frowning. Foreign short poems are more expensive than sharp poems. China poets want you to see infinity from "easy completion".
A China poet said, "Words are full of meaning." Another poet said: "The scenery that is difficult to write is like the present: it contains infinite meaning and can be seen outside the words." It is in line with Welland's poetry theory to sort out the unspeakable and difficult-to-berth realm in the most finely determined form:
That gray song
Fuzzy connection and then accurate.
This is the characteristic of China's poems that ordinary readers in the West think: full of hints. I want to put it another way, saying that this is a silence of pregnancy. What you say is not as good as what you don't say, but what you can't say by innuendo. Keats famously said:
The music you can hear is really beautiful, but the music you can't hear is more beautiful.
Our poet also said, "Silence is better than sound"; He also said, "It is wonderful to know silent strings." Sometimes, he lures you to the edge of the language, and there is a deep silence below: "That makes sense, I forgot what I wanted to say." "Speak indifferently and leave the single chorus."
Sometimes he can't do it, which makes you disappointed with Philip Burkart: "How beautiful she looks, open the pearly window and sit with a frown;" You can see the bright tears on her cheeks now, but you can't see the man she loves so much. Baoyu said, "I asked your apprentice under a pine tree, and he said,' My teacher went to collect medicine.' "。 However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? . "This" I don't know "is so sultry! An intriguing fact is that China's poems end in a questioning tone, which is more than any western poem I know. Give a very common example. There is a formula of "where" in Latin poetry of the Middle Ages in the West, which is used to lament unforgivable death. This formula has been used in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Czech poems. The most wonderful one is Wei Rong's Song of Ancient Beauty, which asks where Xi Shi, Nan Wei or Wang Zhaojun and Yang Guifei are, and then draws a conclusion: "But where was the snow last year? "
Coincidentally, this formula is used most frequently in China's poems, such as "All strong men die. Are the rest of you safe? " "The emperor in the pavilion today? The Yangtze River flows freely outside the threshold. " "This year, the color of flowers has changed. Who will blossom next year? " "Where are the people who come to play with the moon? The scenery is vaguely like last year. ... spring is gone, where are people? Where is spring when people go? " The Duke of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night might say:
That's enough. Not anymore. Even if there is, it is not as beautiful as before.
China poets, like Byron's "Elegy for the Greeks", miraculously asked:
Where are they? Where are you?
Ask without answering, answer with asking, and give you a thrilling answer with nothing to swallow. What remains, as Mulet said before he died, is only silence-silence deeply immersed in tears and sighs.
Western readers also think that China's poetic style is light and his writing is peaceful. We also have heavy poems, which are weighed down by emotion, nostalgia and allusions. But the "proportion" of China's poems is indeed lower than that of western poems; The relationship between spider web and steel wire mesh. The tone of western poetry is like a band ensemble. China's poems have a thin tone, just like playing a flute. This is related to the nature of language. For example, French poetry is not as strong as that of Britain and Germany. However, Sion in English and German is heavier than Sion in Latin, but it is lighter. Besides, China ancient poets always regarded shouting and shouting as inferior. Our wildest crazy songs are softer than yours; China poets are crazy, but they have the immortal significance of Feng Ling. I created the English word aeromantic to express this kind of psychology. Your poet is crazy! China's poems are not the so-called "barking" of Whitman in your country, but the words of civilized people. This is a conversation. This is not a speech, but the voice like conscience is quiet and thin-but people with conscience can hear all this unless their ears are too used to microphones and radios or. ...
I intentionally ignored the contents of China's poems. There is no difference in content between China's poems and those of the West. China has many social poems and few religious poems. That's all. Pastoral poetry, for example, is not the mysterious love of romanticism for nature, but the carefree forest of classicism. Some people think that this is the characteristic of China's poetry. However, from the second volume of Roman Horace's satirical anthology, works of the same type as China's pastoral poems have become successful works in western poetry. Another example is the following two poems, which are acknowledged to be permeated with China's unique emotional appeal: "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. " "Birds fly high, and lonely clouds go alone. Seeing each other tirelessly, I only respect Tingshan. " Let me compare two very common foreign poems. The first is the first section of Gray's mourning in the cemetery:
On the day when the evening bell struck,
Cattle and sheep are howling on the Yuan Ye,
The farmer strode home wearily,
Only twilight and I share the world equally.
The second is Goethe's "Nocturnal of the Wanderer":
The breeze gathers sawdust,
The crowd moved towards the top of the mountain.
Birds sleep quietly,
I also want to retire.
The tone is strikingly similar to that of Tao Yuanming and Li Taibai. Chinese and western poems not only have the same content, but also often coincide in style. Squirrel said that the quietness of China's poems reminded him of Villeland's style. As I have explained in detail elsewhere, pure poetry produced by Poe's poetic method in your country existed in our poems thousands of years ago.
So, you said that there was nothing special about "China" in China's poems. China's poems are just poems, which are more important than "China's". Like a person, whether he is from China or the United States. English, always English. There is a curly pug with a sunken nose. You call it "Beijing Dog" and we call it "Western Dog". Dream of Red Mansions. Western flower ideas pug. "This little beast, which is full of China in the west and considered western in China, should sharpen his teeth and kill those who speak Chinese and western cultures. Whenever such people talk about the characteristics or thoughts of China's literature and art, we should not be credulous, just as we should not be fooled by the commercial advertisements of "Ten Features of Our Store". China's poems have the so-called "western" characteristics, and western poems also have the so-called "China" elements. It is fragmentary and weak here, but it develops clearly and satisfactorily in your place. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium Therefore, reading foreign poems will bring you back to your own country. It's not surprising that this happened. Greek mysterious philosophers have long said that life is nothing more than staying at home, going out and going home. All our emotional, rational and will pursuits or attempts are nothing more than the homesickness of the soul, trying to find a person or a thing. A place, let our body and mind have a home in this vast and desolate world, as if the patient went to bed and the prodigal son went home. The purpose of traveling is to go home, otherwise you don't have to remember the impression of the journey. Learning our poems will definitely make you have a deeper understanding of your own poems, just as your stay in China will increase your love for your own country. My hometown, which feels very sweet, has been sweetened by exploration.