wisdom is self-wisdom. Ming is the Ming of the mind. "Those who know people" know the outside world; "Self-knowledge" is clear in the Tao. A wise man knows people without knowing his friends, and knows the outside without knowing the inside; He who is wise knows himself, both inside and outside. Wisdom is conscious, formed in the day after tomorrow, comes from the outside world, and is the understanding and understanding of superficial phenomena, which is limited and subjective; Ming is an understanding of the nature of the world, which is infinite and objective and comprehensive. If you want insight, you must return to the Tao. Only those who know themselves are truly enlightened.

the winner is strong, and the winner is strong.

"The winner" relies on the brute force of the individual; "Self-winner" relies on strong will. He who can overcome himself is a man with lofty aspirations. The ambition of heaven and earth is the road to harvest and the source of strength to overcome everything. Only the "self-winner" is the real strong.

those who are satisfied are rich, while those who are forced are ambitious.

People who have a rich inner world are in harmony with the Tao. They have a wonderful spiritual world and a full and happy real life, so they naturally feel satisfied. On the contrary, those who have lost their hearts are empty and confused, and can only pin their minds on external personal fame and fortune. However, the desire without the support of the mind will never be satisfied, which is the root of the pain in life. A person with a strong will is not a person who struggles for self-fame, but a person who is broad-minded, honest and simple, and full of lofty sentiments. Such a person's life is bound to be cheerful and happy. As Christ said: With the Holy Spirit with you, what are you not satisfied with?

he who does not lose his place will live long, and he who dies without dying will live long.

the place is the place of the soul, that is, the avenue. The purpose of life is for happiness, health and longevity. People pursue happiness, health and longevity, but ignore the freedom of the soul, which leads to early life. Those who really know how to live well always care about the inner mind, and cultivate the "invisible" with the tangible, rather than the tangible, so they have gained a relatively long life. What's more, those who have served the people all their lives, although their bodies have died, their spirits will live forever. Such people are truly long-lived people, because their spirits belong to the people, the people will live forever, and their spirits will live forever.

This chapter is Lao Zi's high praise for those who have a way. It is pointed out that life should be self-knowledge, self-victory and self-improvement. Only in this way can we realize the ambition of heaven and earth and live forever.

12. If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first.

what Confucius said. Confucius told Zigong that a person who makes handicrafts or crafts should prepare tools first if he wants to finish the work and do it perfectly. So what tools are used for benevolence? Living in this country, if you want to make a contribution to this country, you must make friends with the upper class, even the politicians and the backbone of the government; Make friends with all kinds of wise people in this country and society. In other words, it is necessary to know the inside story of this country and have a good relationship before you can get the opportunity to contribute and accomplish the purpose of benevolence.

13. The three armed forces can win the handsome position, but ordinary men can't win the ambition.

Guan Yunchang killed Hua Xiong with warm wine, and won the head of the enemy commander in the army of ten thousand horses.

this is "the three armies can win the handsome."

Yan Yan would rather die than surrender, without changing his face. "But there are decapitated generals, and there are no generals who surrender."

this is "every man can't win his ambition".

Handsome can be taken away, but will not be taken away, and can be killed without humiliation. This is because, although there are many people in the army, if the hearts of the people are not harmonious, its commander-in-chief may still be arrested, and once the commander-in-chief is arrested, the whole army will lose its leader and will completely collapse. Although there is only one man, as long as he is honest and determined, no one can change him. This kind of heroic deeds, which would rather die than surrender, are epic and countless in history. On the contrary, if a person has no integrity and his ambition is not firm, he is likely to succumb to temptation or high pressure at a critical moment and become a traitor despised by people.

Therefore, it is very important to establish and stick to ambition, which is one of the basic contents of Confucian self-cultivation.

14. Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.

Confucius said, "Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching". The meaning of this sentence is that a man should keep learning and not get bored; Educate students to be patient and not feel tired. "Never tire of learning". As a teacher, we should do this in particular. Teachers are students' models. We want students to be lifelong learners. First of all, teachers should be lifelong learners. "Teaching by example is more important than words and deeds", "Pro-teacher, believe in its way", teachers should be good role models for students.

15. an upright man is open and poised, little people are always in the same boat.

"An upright man is open and poised while a petty man is anxious and worried." is a well-known saying since ancient times. Many people often write this as a banner and hang it in the room to motivate themselves. Confucius believes that as a gentleman, one should have a broad mind, be tolerant of others, and accommodate all kinds of events, regardless of personal gains and losses. Narrow-minded, embarrassed with others, embarrassed with yourself, often sad and embarrassed, it is impossible to become a gentleman. A gentleman and a righteous man do things aboveboard, but a treacherous villain does things in a shady way

16. A man who has no long-term thoughts will have near worries.

Literally, it means that if you don't care too much about the future, you must be in trouble right now.

17. keep your word, and do what you want.

Yixin: keep promise; Result: Decisive and resolute. If you say it, you must keep your word, and you must do it. In the Analects of Confucius Zi Lu: "Words must be faithful, deeds must be fruitful, and I am a villain."

18. Make friends and keep your word.

Shi Yi's words are reliable and trustworthy.

In The Analects of Confucius: "Make friends and keep your word."

19. If there is something, correct it; if there is nothing, encourage it.

interpretation principle: JIU; Add: add it. Correct the shortcomings and mistakes pointed out by others, if any, and use them to encourage yourself if not.

In The Analects of Confucius: "Zeng Zi said,' I save myself three times a day.' "Song Zhu Xi's Notes": "Ceng Zi saves its health by these three aspects, and if it has, it will change it, and if it has not, it will encourage it. Its autonomy is so sincere that it can be said that it is the foundation of learning."

check yourself according to the opinions and criticisms put forward by your classmates.

2. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.

The shame of this idiom is: shame. It means that it is not shameful to ask people with lower status and knowledge, and it is described as modest and eager to learn.

This idiom comes from The Analects of Confucius and Gongye Chang. It is sensitive and eager to learn, and is not ashamed to ask questions.

Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period was a great thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism. People revere him as a saint. However, Confucius believed that no one, including himself, was born learned.

once, Confucius went to the ancestral temple of the king of Lu to attend the ancestor worship ceremony. He asked people from time to time, and almost everything was asked. Someone laughed at him behind his back, saying that he didn't know manners and asked everything. After hearing these comments, Confucius said, "Ask what you don't understand, which is exactly what I want to know."

at that time, there was a doctor in Weiguo named Kong Kui, who was open-minded and studious, and was upright. At that time, there was a custom in society to give the supreme ruler or other people with status another title after his death, called shi. According to this custom, after Kong Cong's death, posthumous title was given to him as "Wen", so people later called him Kong Wen Zi.

Zi Gong, a student of Confucius, was not convinced. He thought that Confucius also had some shortcomings, so he asked Confucius, "Teacher, why can Kong Wen Zi be called Wen?"

Confucius replied, "Being quick and eager to learn, I am not ashamed to ask questions, so it is called' Wen'." It means that Kong Cong is intelligent and diligent, and he is not ashamed to study with people whose positions are lower than his own and whose knowledge is worse than his own, so he can use the word "Wen" as his posthumous title.

This sentence of Confucius leads to the idiom "I am not ashamed to ask questions". Later, people often use it as a metaphor to consult people whose status and knowledge are inferior to their own; Or describe it as modest, studious and not self-righteous.