& ltImg class="pgc-img-caption "As we all know," losing a mother in childhood, a spouse in middle age and a child in old age "are the three major misfortunes in life. As everyone knows, Confucius, praised by later generations as a "sage of the ages", almost hit the unbearable weight of these three students.
As we all know, Confucius is Lu's Confucius. In fact, Confucius' ancestral home was in the Song Dynasty (the capital is now Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Song Kingdom was a vassal state that was enfeoffed to Wei, a Shang aristocrat who supported the Zhou regime (Shang Zhouwang's younger brother), and Confucius was a descendant of the Shang royal family.
In order to escape political persecution, Confucius' ancestors moved from Song to Lu and settled in Qiaoyi (near Nishan, Qufu City, Shandong Province). Shu, the father of Confucius, is a doctor of Huangpi. He has made meritorious military service and is famous for his bravery.
Losing one's mother at an early age
In 55 1 BC, Yan zhizai gave birth to Confucius for Shu. Unfortunately, when Confucius was three years old, his old Shu died and was buried in Qufu Mountain. Since then, Confucius and his mother have lived a hard and poor life. But Confucius' tragic fate did not stop there. When he was about seventeen, his mother, Yan Zhizai, also died, leaving him alone in a world of hegemony and war.
Being abandoned by his wife in middle age is no less than being widowed.
At the age of nineteen, Confucius, who had lived alone for two years, got married. His new wife is from Song Dynasty, and her last name is Guan Qi. The following year, the official of the State of Qi gave birth to a son for Confucius. At that time, the monarch sent carp to congratulate him, so Confucius named his son fish.
If Confucius is widowed in middle age, it is naturally incorrect. However, the departure of the official should hit Confucius as hard as the loss of his wife in middle age. Kong Old Master Q, who is extremely sad and disappointed, can only sigh sadly and helplessly to his children: "It's going to rain, and my mother is going to get married. Let her go!"
Elderly bereavement
In 483 BC, Confucius, who traveled around the world but made no achievements, returned to Lu. At this time, he was 69 years old. Although Confucius was still interested in politics, he was still not appointed and had to continue to teach and educate people and organize documents.
This year, Confucius suffered another great misfortune in his life-the early death of his son Kong Li. The pain of sending a white-haired man to a black-haired man will not be alleviated because Confucius is a saint and philosopher, because he is not a monk who has broken six roots and left the world of mortals!
Four years later, in 479 BC, the great and unfortunate Confucius died in Lu and was buried in the north of Lu. Although Confucius did not escape the misfortunes that ordinary people might encounter before their lives, he surpassed ordinary people behind him and became a teacher for all generations.
There is a big gap between Confucius and Guan Kai. It doesn't matter if there is a slight gap between men and women. Maybe we can learn from each other and enhance the magnetism of marriage. The problem is that the gap cannot be too big, too big, and husband and wife are not birds with the same life; It's too big. Husband and wife finally don't have the same language. Of course, Guan Kai's family is a peasant woman. Confucius was not much better when he was thirty. Even he admitted frankly: "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise." Confucius used to be a warehouse keeper, managing pastures for others, and so on. Everyone has no status. Everyone is a peasant class. You brought water to water my garden, but it nourished the marriage. But Confucius later became a gentleman. Teacher Cheng's Confucius is deeply loved by students and welcomed by parents. He is also involved in politics, so his social status is getting higher and higher. He doesn't have to suffer from wind and rain, but he doesn't have to worry about food and clothing. The point is, Confucius has become a very intelligent person. In other words, he pursues spiritual life. However, his wife is still stuck in the past, rigid and enterprising, thinking that she has made great contributions to childbirth. Generally speaking, Confucius and his wife have no love except sex. Later, because he hated it, Confucius simply didn't even want sex.
Confucius and Guan Kai have nothing to say. There should be nothing to say between husband and wife, and when there is nothing to say at last, such a marriage must be coming to an end. Nothing to say, lifeless, is the symbol of Lao Yan Feitian. Divorce in contemporary China takes such a path: saying nothing-quarreling-making up-quarreling again-making up again-being too lazy to quarrel-having nothing to say-being a stranger-divorcing and breaking up. Unexpectedly, history was so strikingly similar that Confucius was in an awkward position at that time. The Analects of Confucius, of course, does not record Confucius' ordinary marriage life, but it reveals that Confucius' life state is "eating without words, sleeping without words". This is actually a portrayal of Confucius' marriage fatigue. Men stare at their women every day, but don't want to talk, don't want to talk, and can't talk. What does this mean? It means that he is aphasia, that he has hidden his words in his stomach, and that he really has no communication with her. Language barrier, only one way out: dismissal.
Confucius and Guan Kai have lost their feelings. "Marriage is the grave of love", which goes back to the time of Confucius. Love is water, it will evaporate, love is a flower, it will wither, love is an illusion, it will burst. Confucius must have thought so hard in those days. As a result of thinking, Confucius found that there was not only no love but also no affection between him and Guan Kai's family. What can disprove Confucius' indifference to the official is the Book of Rites: "The mother of Bo Fish still cries when she dies. When the host heard this, he said, "Who is crying?" Confucius said,' carp is also.' Confucius said,' Hey! Worse. "Fish smell it and then remove it." Apollo is Kong Li, the son of Confucius. He was dressed in mourning and cried on the first anniversary of his mother's death. Confucius listened and asked who was crying. The student told him it was Kong Li, and Confucius said, Hum, there are too many. When Kong Li heard this, he took off his mourning clothes and stopped crying. Look, Guan Kai refused to forgive her after she died. It is not difficult to imagine how much pain Confucius suffered when he lived with her. With love, you become a lover, without love, you really become an enemy.
Confucius and Guan Kai can't live any longer. Love a person, you can love her shortcomings, hate a person, you can hate her strengths. Contemporary people think so, so did Confucius. Finally, Confucius was very picky when dealing with the official, picking his nose and eyes, embarrassing his wife and putting on airs. This is well documented. Don't eat without cooking ("don't eat without cooking"), don't eat without proper sauce ("don't eat without sauce"), don't eat wine and cooked meat bought in the market ("don't eat preserved wine sold in the market"), illegally cut meat, don't eat ("cut it wrong, don't eat") and sit at the table. In fact, "not eating" is an illusion, and it is true to hate opening an official family. I guess Confucius and his wife must have endured for a long time in the end. This aversion developed to Confucius' exclamation that "only women and villains are difficult to raise, and if they are near, they will not have grandchildren, but if they are far away, they will complain." Look, the problem is quite serious. Unfortunately, Guan Kai never understood why her husband hated himself so much. Unable to find the root cause, she naturally lost the direction of her efforts. Finally, she forced Confucius to issue an "expulsion order" and sent her back to her family.
The way of Confucius and Mencius has been carried forward and spread, but the male chauvinism of marriage has not been passed down. This is the progress of the times, but also the helplessness of marriage. Nowadays, men cannot exercise this right. Now that a man dares to say "married", just wait for a woman to clean it up. Marriage is not a dress, you can take it off if you want. What shall we do? I can't get rid of it, so I have to postpone it. Only when I drag a woman to exhaustion and she doesn't want to marry a chicken will she take the initiative to do it with you. The sentence "Marriage is a shackle" is really right.
Confucius was the first civilian-run school in China, and most of his disciples came from the bottom of society. The tuition fee was only "tied" (a few bacon). During his travels around the world, his disciples ranged from a dozen to dozens. These poor disciples naturally constitute a huge consumer group: travel expenses, meals, books, communication expenses, and perhaps bridge tolls and tolls. These expenses should mainly come from Confucius' own pockets that are not rich. Fourteen years of wandering life, coupled with the late years behind closed doors, is enough to empty Confucius' savings. Also based on his great personality, all his disciples regarded him as a gift from his father and let him mourn for three years.
Celebrity profile
& ltImg div= ""Confucius (September 28th, 55 BC 1 year, April, 479 1 year/day) was born in the State of Lu (with the surname of Kong,, and his ancestral home was Song (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). China was a famous thinker and educator in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and was the founder of Confucian school. Educated by Laozi, Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years. In his later years, he studied six classics: Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chunqiu. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the sage of heaven, the muduo of heaven. He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later rulers as Confucius' sage, the most holy, the most holy teacher, the most holy teacher and the eternal teacher. His Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and Confucius is listed as one of the top ten cultural celebrities in the world.
Confucius is revered as the ancestor of Confucianism. With the expansion of Confucius' influence, Confucius' sacrifice once became the same level as the ancestor of God and country. This honor is only Confucius besides Laozi.
Translation and appreciation of the original conflict
I plan to fight Zhu. And when he saw Confucius, he said, Ji's family will have something to do.
Confucius said: beg! Is innocence too much? My husband, a former king, thinks he is the Lord of the East, and he is also a minister of the country in the field of the country. Why cut it?
You Ran said: The master wants it, but my two ministers don't want it.
Confucius said: beg! Zhou Renyou said: Chen Li listed, those who can't stop. What will you do if you don't seize the danger and help? You are exaggerating. Who is to blame for the death of the tiger and the destruction of the jade of the tortoise in the rafters?
You Ran said: Today's husband is thriving, well-off and careful. If you don't take it today, future generations will worry about their children and grandchildren.
Confucius said: beg! A sick gentleman will give up what he wants and do it. Qiu also heard that people with state-owned families do not suffer from inequality because of widowhood, nor do they feel anxious because of poverty. There is no poverty, no poverty and no peace. If the husband is so, people so far away will not accept it, so practice self-discipline. Let nature take its course Today, I am a master because of begging, but people far away refuse to accept it, so I can't come. The country is falling apart, but it cannot be protected: it seeks to fight within the country. I am afraid of internal misfortune, not in Zhuan Xu, but in Xiao Qiang.
& ltimg class = "PGC-img-caption page _ speeder _ 810624805" Translation and annotation
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The Ji Sun family will crusade against Zhuan Xu. You Ran and Lu Ji met Confucius and said, "Ji Sun's family is going to fight Zhuan Xu. Confucius said: You Ran! I'm afraid you are to blame. Ancient kings used to regard the monarch as the person who was responsible for offering sacrifices to Mount Dongmeng, which was located in the territory of Lu and was a subordinate country of Lu. Why did he punish it? You Ran said: Ji Sun wants to do this, and neither of us wants to be servants. Confucius said: You Ran! Zhou people have a saying:' If you can display your talents, you should hold that position; If you are incompetent, you should resign. If the blind man doesn't protect him when he is in danger, and he is shaking and falling down, but he doesn't help him, then why use someone to help him? Besides, what you said is wrong. Tigers and rhinos ran out of cages, and tortoise shells (for divination) and jade (for sacrifice) were destroyed in boxes. Whose fault is this? You Ran said: Today, the wall of Zhuan Xu is strong, close to the fief of Ji Sun. If we don't catch it now, future generations will become an annoyance.
Confucius said: You Ran! Gentlemen hate those who refuse to ask for it, but make excuses. I heard that princes with feudal countries and doctors with feudal families were worried about uneven distribution, poverty and instability. If the distribution of property is fair and reasonable, there will be no poverty; If you live in harmony, you don't have to worry about fewer people; With social stability, there is no danger of the country overturning. In this way, if people outside the country do not submit, they must cultivate cultural, educational and moral policies to make them submit; After bringing him here, we should settle him down. Now, Ji Sun's family is assisted by two people, and those who are far away do not submit, but they cannot be submitted; The country is divided but cannot maintain stability and unity; Instead, it plans to rise in Hong Kong. I'm afraid Ji Sun's worries are not in Lu, but within Lu.
& ltImg class="pgc-img-caption "Appreciation of Works
The story of Ji Jia's beheading of Du Fu took place under the special background that Lu assisted the minister in governing the country. The article mainly records Confucius' three comments on the matter that Ji Jia wanted to cut down the cuckoo.
The logging took place under the special background that Lu assisted the minister in running the country. The accompanying ministers refer to teachers, uncles, and. Their ancestors, namely, Qingfu and Yashuhe, were the sons of (BC 7 1 1- BC 694) and the younger brother of Lu Zhuanggong (BC 693- BC 662), which is the so-called Three Rings. By this time of Confucius, Sanhuan had been in charge of the state of Lu 160-70 years. During this hundred years, the main struggles between the public government (Lu Jun) and the private government (the Third Ring Road) were as follows: ① In 594 (the fifteenth year of Lu), the tax mu system was promulgated to expand the three clans; (2) In the first 562 years (the 11th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), the three clans were divided into three parts, each with one; ③ In the first 5 17 years (twenty-five years), the Three Kingdoms and Huan jointly attacked and were forced to flee.
This struggle lasted until the early years of the Warring States Period. "Historical Records Biography of Duke Zhou of Lu" says: When you lose your official duties, you will win in the third ring, and Lu Ru is not as good as the third ring home. The fact that Ji Jia will cut it is still unknown. Later annotators thought and conveyed Confucius' opinions to Ji, who was afraid of disaster. "Historical Records of Confucius" contains: 497 years before Zhong You (the thirteenth year of Ding Gong); In 492 AD (three years), Ji Kang Zi Zhao was in Chen with Confucius. As for when they were all servants of Ji, it is not clear. Biography of Historical Records contains Ji Kangzi's inquiry and Ran's talent for Confucius, but it has not been dated. Presumably, in the early days of Lu Aigong.
& ltImg class="pgc-img-caption "Confucius has always opposed accompanying ministers to govern the country, and the accusation against Sanhuan is recorded in The Analects of Confucius. The article mainly records three paragraphs of Confucius' comments on Ji Jia's general attack. The first paragraph expounds the reasons why he opposed Ji's attack; First, the former king thought that East Mongolia was the main one, that is, it always had a legitimate political position in Shandong; Second, in the country, that is, the geographical location of Zhuan Xu is already in the territory of Lu, and it has never posed a threat to Lu; The third is the minister of the country, that is to say, Zhuan Xu has always maintained the relationship between the monarch and the minister, and there is no reason to attack. Confucius' words reflected his political proposition of governing the country by courtesy and morality, and opposed coercion and resorting to force. In the second paragraph, Confucius quoted Zhou's famous saying: Chen Li is on the list, and those who can't stop criticizing You Ran and Lu Ji to shirk their responsibilities. In the third paragraph, Confucius expounded his political views positively.
Du Fu, a figurative sentence in Ji's Will, expressed Confucius' point of view, and used the dereliction of duty of a blind helper as a metaphor for being Ji's retainer, failing to fulfill his responsibility.
This article is a rebuttal, conducted in the form of dialogue, breaking through the strong, using historical materials, and the former king thought it was the owner; A realistic example, in the national field, is the minister of the country; Zhou Renyou has a famous saying,' Chen Li wants to go public, and he can't stop it'. The three arguments are solid and reliable, and the refutation is well-founded. The figurative sentences in this paper vividly express Confucius' views. What will you do if you don't seize the danger and help? Use the dereliction of duty of a blind helper as a metaphor and as a retainer, I didn't do my duty.
The metaphor that the tiger comes out of the nest and the turtle jade destroys the rafters has two meanings: one is to compare Ji Jia to a tiger, and the other is to compare Gui Yu. Attack, such as a tiger coming out of the cage and hurting people; If Zhuan Xu is destroyed, it's like tortoise shell and jade being destroyed in a box. Secondly, comparing You Ran and Lu Ji to tigers and tortoise jade is the dereliction of duty of the guards. As the minister of Ji surname, it is also their dereliction of duty if they can't persuade Ji surname to give up force and lead to extinction. There are three rhetorical sentences in the article. Why do you think so? How do you use it? Whose fault is it? The use of rhetorical sentence patterns makes the sentence feel strong and refute strongly; Let the affirmative answer lie in rhetorical questions, make the affirmation more powerful, and make the tone more subtle and thought-provoking.
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