Among many famous women in history, Cleopatra is undoubtedly a focus. The peerless introduction of Egypt, with its beauty, not only temporarily saved a dynasty, but also made the powerful emperors of the Roman Empire fall at their feet and willingly work for it. Although unofficial history, legends and literary works can always see the mysterious shadow of Cleopatra, there are few cultural relics about her.

Ran Li, archaeologists have made an amazing discovery recently. They found the decree signed by Cleopatra and the ancient city where she once lived. These cultural relics are enough to prove that this ancient Egyptian queen is far from relying solely on beauty and lust, but relying on wisdom to govern the country.

The discovery of Cleopatra's autographed decree was purely accidental. If the Dutch historian Peter Van Minnie hadn't been so careful, perhaps no one would have discovered that an ancient Egyptian mummy in the Berlin Museum in Germany was hiding a great secret.

This is an ordinary Egyptian mummy in Berlin Museum, so it has been in the museum for more than 1 years. It has never attracted the attention of archaeologists or researchers.

When Jane Bigen, a Belgian papyrus scientist, was granted special permission to conduct a comprehensive study of the mummies in Berlin, one day he suddenly found an old yellow papyrus in the mummy's cloth. Minnie's heart jumped wildly. With his first feeling, this is definitely a document of an ancient Egyptian era. When he carefully picked out the 16-inch piece of papyrus from the mummy, his heart beat faster again-the papyrus was full of dense characters, ancient Egyptian characters.

Beagan, who got the treasure, "invited" this precious piece of paper into the special appraisal room. With the help of an ordinary magnifying glass, Beagan recognized that it was an official document of an ancient Egyptian dynasty with the date of receipt. It is a great pity that Beagan's research can't wait to publish its results in the authoritative monthly of archaeology in October, and arbitrarily identify it as an ordinary contract between an Egyptian farmer and Mr. X.

When Van Minnie, a Dutch historian, saw this research paper, he immediately noticed something suspicious: judging from the published pictures, this document is by no means a private contract, but an out-and-out government document of ancient Egypt. Minnie immediately asked the publishing house for an enlarged photo of the document. When he entered the photo into the computer, Minnie decided that it was a document of the Egyptian palace "within 3 seconds".

Ancient Egyptian historians immediately converted the year when the document was raised-February 23rd, 33 BC. In 33 BC, isn't this the Ptolemaic dynasty under Cleopatra VII? Archaeologists burst into screaming.

the more surprising discovery is yet to come. The contents of the document are obviously handwritten, and from the point of pen power, it seems to be written by a male official. The specific content of the document is that the king of Egypt promised to give preferential import and export tariffs to general Canidis of the Roman Empire-allowing him to export 1, bags of wheat to Egypt and import 5, ampules of fine Egyptian wine duty-free every year.

There is a beautiful word at the end of this document, which is obviously completely different from the font of the document content, and it is obviously female handwriting.

When the word appeared under a 4-fold professional magnifying glass, Minnie lost her voice and exclaimed: Isn't genestho the Greek word for consent when the king of ancient Egypt signed the decree?

The king of Egypt, the general of the Roman Empire in 33 BC, and the identification of women-isn't this the autograph of Cleopatra?

Any remains and new sayings about Cleopatra can always attract the attention of the world. It's no wonder that the last Empress of Ptolemy Dynasty in ancient Egypt, with her legendary peerless beauty and her love affair with heroes such as Caesar and Anthony, once inspired the rich imagination of poets, writers, painters and artists of all ages, such as Dante's Hell and Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, all described her as an "unparalleled sensual temptress". Bernard Shaw also called her "a willful and unselfish woman". However, there are also historical records that her beauty is "not outstanding or amazing". Some archaeologists joked: "If her nose is not so high, I am afraid that world history will be rewritten."

In the Hollywood blockbuster Cleopatra, Cleopatra is even portrayed as luring Caesar to fall at her feet with her hue and helping her defeat her own brother and take the throne. After Caesar's assassination, she attracted Anthony to work for him. However, things didn't go according to people's wishes. Anthony's actions aroused the anger of the Roman citizens. After being completely defeated in the battle with the Romans, Cleopatra saw that the tide was gone and had to commit suicide by biting her chest with a poisonous snake. She was only 38 years old.

It is precisely because of the legendary color of Cleopatra that any discovery of her historical relics has caused a worldwide sensation, especially in the field of archaeology. After the news of the decree signed by Cleopatra came out, the world archaeological community was excited. Archaeologists in the British Museum who deeply admire the academic level of the Dutch historian Minnie are convinced that the manuscript discovered by Minnie is definitely signed by Cleopatra, because Minnie's research has never been missed. Susan Volcker, deputy director of the Greek and Roman Antiques Museum of the British Museum, said with great certainty: "This must be Cleopatra's autograph, because the contents of the document can be traced back to 33 BC, which was the only handwriting left by Cleopatra during the reign of Cleopatra VII." Volcker further analyzed that this handwritten document is not only a government document, but also a concrete manifestation of Cleopatra's political skills.

According to the historical facts recorded by Plutarch, a famous biographer and essayist in ancient Greece, in his masterpiece Comparative Biographies of Celebrities in Greece and Rome, "Cleopatra desperately wanted Anthony's protection after Caesar's death, but she met a soft nail. Therefore, Cleopatra immediately turned her main attack direction to Canidis, Anthony's most effective general, and finally bribed the influential Rome Prize. Canidis later persuaded Anthony to agree to shelter Cleopatra, and Anthony has since fallen into the gentle trap of Cleopatra. "

Although Plutarch told everything vividly, historians and archaeologists have never found conclusive evidence that might prove these historical facts. Cleopatra's autographed document found this time is the ironclad proof that Cleopatra bought off the general of the Roman Empire.

However, two years later, in 31 BC, Canidis joined the crusade against Cleopatra and Anthony. The commander-in-chief of the land corps of the Roman Empire joined forces with the maritime forces commanded by Augustus to defeat Cleopatra and her lover Anthony.

Alain Bowman, another ancient Egyptian historian, said: "The discovery of this document shows that Cleopatra never defended her country and her throne just by virtue of her beauty. The skills she uses are no different from what we do now when dealing with international relations. This is the true embodiment of the beauty and wisdom of Cleopatra. "

In fact, during the reign of Cleopatra, ancient Egypt remained extremely prosperous. At the beginning of this year, when American archaeologist Gaudiot and his Egyptian colleagues dived into the seabed off Alexandria, they saw block after block and statue after statue, that is, the love nest built by Cleopatra and her last lover, Mike Anthony * * *-Alexandria. It was the marine explorer Frank Gaudiot and his archaeological expedition who reborn this legendary ancient royal city. Their amazing Ju Lushi discovery proved that the ancient Egyptian history was still prosperous. Of course, it also proved that Cleopatra was not only a beautiful queen, but also a queen with outstanding talents.