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Common question types and answer modes for reading literary works

1. Question types related to language and rhetoric

Description type

Questioning method: Is a word in a sentence replaced by another line? Why? Or: Is it good to say a certain sentence of the article into another sentence? Why?

Answer mode: No. Because the word vividly and concretely (visually and accurately) writes + object + effect, after changing it, it becomes + bad effect. Or: No, because the word has a stronger feeling than the other word (or the word is more in line with the subject's personality traits than the other word).

Answer example: There are dense forests in the mountains, and the spring is hidden in it. Sometimes, the spring water flashes brightly in the sparse trees, and if you look further, you can no longer find it. The delicate gesture of being half-caught and half-exposed, wanting to be close but staying far away, reminds me of my beloved daughter who often walks around my knees when walking at home. Whenever she sees me reaching out to hold her close, she will run away from me and raise a smile to tease me. When I pretend to be indifferent and ignore her, she will quietly run closer and cuddle up to my waist. What a naughty child! (Excerpt from "Listening to the Spring in Dinghu Mountain" by Xie Daguang)

Question: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?

Answer: Because "good" has a stronger emotion than "really", and "naughty" is more in line with the character of your beloved daughter than "cute".

Structure type

Questioning method: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?

Answer mode: No. Because (1) it is inconsistent with the way people understand things (from shallow to deep, from surface to interior, from phenomenon to essence) (2) This word has a one-to-one correspondence with the above (3) These words are in a progressive relationship, Linked together, they express...

Answer example: "Remember: Those who want to take advantage often fail to take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached eggs in the bowl and warned his son... "Remember, Those who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed at the egg and taught his son... "Those who don't want to take advantage will not suffer in life!" The father said meaningfully to his son. (Excerpt from "Poached Eggs")

Question: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" in the article be reversed? Why?

Answer: No. Because these three words in the article are in a progressive relationship, they express the father's love for his son.

Rhetoric

Questioning method: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the benefits of writing like this in terms of expression?

Answer mode: Confirm the rhetorical technique + the role of rhetoric itself + combine with the context of the sentence

1. Metaphor, personification: vividly write + object + characteristics.

2. Paralleling: imposing, strengthening the tone, and finishing in one go; spreading out layer by layer, gradually expanding, strengthening the main point, etc.; emphasizing + object + characteristics

3 . Contrast: emphasize... highlight...

4. Question: draw readers' attention and thinking about + object + characteristics

5. Rhetorical question: emphasize, strengthen tone, etc. ;

6. Repetition: emphasize + strengthen tone

Answer example: This legend about bosom friends more than 2,000 years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless descendants of China. Sometimes it makes a small sound, allowing people to chew and reminisce happily; sometimes it roars like a hurricane, urging people to take action quickly. What a pure and sacred sentiment it is to yearn for and yearn for a bosom friend filled with lofty friendship. (Excerpted from the 2002 national volume "Talk about a Friend")

Question: How do you understand this paragraph: "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound, allowing people to chew and reminisce with pleasure; sometimes it roars like a hurricane, What is the expressive function of urging people to take action quickly?

Answer: The rhetorical techniques of metaphor and comparison are used here to vividly express the beauty and spurring effect that the legend of bosom friends brings to people.

2. Question types related to the layout and planning of the article

Questioning method: What is the role of a certain sentence (paragraph) in the article?

Answering mode:

1. The beginning of the article: opening the topic; echoing the title; leading the whole text; exaggerating the atmosphere, laying the groundwork; setting up suspense, and providing support for the following.

2. In the text: connect the previous and the following; lead the following; summarize the above; echo the previous text.

3. At the end of the article: the final chapter reveals the ambition and points out the center; sublimates the feelings and deepens the theme; echoes the beginning, has a rigorous structure; adds the finishing touch; the words are complete but the meaning is endless.

Answer example: I am afraid of my father, and he really beats me when he hits me. Watching him widen his eyes, approaching step by step, not daring to hide, tensing up his muscles and waiting, so he slapped him, and his head buzzed... (Excerpted from Han Yu's "The Cowardice Between Father and Son" )

Question: Please briefly analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (i.e. the above) in the work.

Answer: (1) To contrast the father’s love for “me” that is written below; (2) To pave the way for the father’s timidity toward “me” written at the end of the article; (3) To reflect the relationship between father and son The title "Timeless Timidity".

3. Question types about expression techniques

Art type

Questioning method: What are the benefits, effects, and functions of writing the article this way?

Answer mode: method + content + effect (or function)

Answer example: The trend of generations of descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties traveling across the sea, each with its own distinct differences The background, color and connotation cannot be generalized, but they are all silhouettes of the ups and downs of the times, the waves splashing in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal forces does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese endured hardships, lived abroad, and had children, but they have always looked forward to China for generations, never forgetting their love for their homeland. When the motherland needed it, they all made generous contributions. As a small island in Hong Kong, everyone from ordinary residents to business owners, gentlemen, and celebrities have actively donated money to the mainland, expressing their solidarity and friendship through thick and thin. This is a touching example right before our eyes. (Excerpted from the 2003 national volume "Country Complex")

Question: The fourth paragraph of this article (i.e. above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties traveling across the sea, and praises them for not forgetting their hometown. Love, generous dedication, and close ties with the motherland. Please combine your emotions and analyze the functions and benefits of writing like this.

Answer: Raising the rural complex to the level of national cohesion to understand it enriches and deepens the meaning of the rural complex. It specifically illustrates that the local complex will not fade due to the long distance of time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only echoes the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article.

Person type

Questioning method: What are the benefits of using this type of person writing? Or: Why change the person's pronoun?

Answer mode: First person: kind, natural, real, suitable for psychological description; second person: convenient for emotional communication, lyrical, and personification; third person: appearing objective and calm, not Limited by time and space, it is convenient for narrative and discussion.

Answer example: But fantasy is fantasy after all, and it cannot be closed if it is closed. The ghost of Princess Jiduo and Fan returned in the moonlit night with the sound of her ring. The bowstring, hardened by the frost, shot out a sharp arrow that broke the throat. Jimen was trampled flat, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned Taiye's eyes. As a result, people discovered that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple wall (note: refers to the Great Wall) is no longer a strange place. It becomes ridiculous, as if it has been mocked by time and space. It aged prematurely due to erosion by wind and sand.

So I say, you are a symbol of cultural ignorance, Great Wall! (Excerpt from the 2000 national volume "The Great Wall")

Question: In this prose, ⑴ the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the benefits of writing like this? ⑵The end of the sixth paragraph is changed to the third person "it". What is the reason?

Answer: ⑴ Personifying the Great Wall: A. makes it easier to talk to the Great Wall, B. makes it easier to express feelings. ⑵Because this sentence is derived from "it was discovered by people", it writes about the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.

4. Question types about summarizing the key points of the content

Questioning method: Please summarize the key points of a certain paragraph (or the full text).

Answering mode: three steps, the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract key words, and the third step is to integrate the answers.

Answer example: My mother loves flowers, and I also love flowers. I live in the countryside of Shimen, with two small yards in front and back, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, which produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes when I sit in front of the porch, the sweet-scented osmanthus brings a light fragrance, and I feel like I have become quiet and elegant. In the summer evening, jasmine will keep blooming. If I pick two or three flowers and put them in my hand, all the memories of my youth will appear in front of me with its fragrance. I think maybe what I love is not the flowers, but all the passing time. Behind every flower, there are memories that I cherish. (Excerpt from "The World of Flowers" by Xi Murong)

Question: This paragraph describes the reasons why I love flowers. It can be summarized into three points. Please summarize it.

Analysis: Among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are one layer each, and the last two sentences are one layer each. Then extract the key words of each layer "mother's love flower", "quiet and elegant" and "cherished memory", and finally integrate the answers.

Answer: (1) Influenced by my mother’s love for flowers (2) Flowers make me quiet and elegant (3) Flowers contain my cherished memories.

5. Question types about appreciating character images

Questioning method: Please briefly analyze the image of the protagonist in the article

Answer mode: According to the total score (total score) ) to answer. First use one sentence to make a qualitative analysis of the character as a whole, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; you can also first make a quantitative analysis from several aspects, and then use one sentence to make a qualitative summary.

Answer example: The hostess quickly noticed my abnormal behavior. She smelled the smell of oil smoke in the house. Questions were immediately raised. At that time, I was standing in the kitchen, intoxicated, listening to the cries of the three brothers. I could already accurately distinguish the subtle differences in their voices. If one of them didn't call me, I would be very worried. The hostess said, you idiot, if you don’t use the range hood, are you crazy? When I first started working for her, she called me four words - Literary Youth. These four words were spoken in her authentic Beijing dialect, and they seemed extremely vicious. Three months after she hired me, she called me a fool and said she didn't fire me because I didn't look like the others that would scare her.

I motioned to her to be quieter and whispered, "There is a nest of little sparrows in the chimney, and they are my brothers." The hostess looked at me up and down (as if I was some kind of monster), turned and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words through her teeth - farmer. I like this title, although it is equally vicious, but I am indeed an out-and-out farmer. I think there is nothing shameful about being a farmer. (Excerpt from "Brothers in the Chimney" by An Yong)

Question: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give an example.

Answer: It is the image of a city dweller who despises farmers who work in cities. For example: Two words squeezed out from between the teeth - farmer. (Or extremely viciously refer to "me" as a "literary youth", "idiot", etc.)

Practical text reading

News

Exam syllabus guidelines

The requirements of the "Examination Outline" for the reading of news texts are: first, analysis and synthesis, the ability to screen and integrate the information in the text, and the basic characteristics, expression techniques, language styles, and structural forms of various news genre works , content requirements are analyzed. The second is appreciation and evaluation, which can evaluate the main points and basic tendencies of the text, evaluate the social value and influence of the text, and make in-depth thinking and judgment on certain features of the text. The third is to explore and practice, to discover the deep meaning of the text from different angles and levels, to explore the life value and the spirit of the times reflected in the text, to explore doubts and difficulties in the text, and to put forward your own opinions.

Read the text below and complete questions 1-3.

The luxury packaging of rice dumplings

Yang Bing Luan Lei

The Dragon Boat Festival has passed, but the phenomenon of excessive packaging of rice dumplings can still be said. Different from previous years, many supermarkets have exquisitely packaged and expensive gift rice dumplings on their counters. Just like mooncakes are on the market every year, the packaging of rice dumplings during the Dragon Boat Festival is upgraded and the price rises.

Some hotels even launched activities to buy rice dumplings and give them wine and other gifts. Like moon cakes, Dragon Boat Festival rice dumplings are gradually showing signs of "luxury". Before the festival, you can see many boxed, bagged or beautifully packaged gift rice dumplings on the counter in some supermarkets in Qingdao. An 800g bag of rice dumplings is about 15 yuan, while those in boxes are mostly more than 20 yuan. In addition to the traditional meat rice dumplings and bean paste rice dumplings, some merchants have also introduced rice dumplings stuffed with scallops, abalone and other fillings, and the prices are also surprisingly expensive.

While the packaging and fillings of rice dumplings are being upgraded in supermarkets, many hotels in the island city have also launched their own special rice dumplings. Many of the rice dumplings are expensive as gifts. One hotel has launched a gift pack of ten. Each box of rice dumplings sells for 188 yuan, and comes with a complimentary salted duck and a bottle of Australian wine. Although the style is renovated, it is still excessive packaging and matching packaging in disguise.

It is easy for people to see the shadow of moon cake packaging, and the reason is naturally driven by profit.

First of all, this is the result of the change in the role of zongzi. In recent years, zongzi has gradually become a gift for relatives and friends. Since it is a gift, you have to pay attention to the packaging. Put the zongzi into a plastic bag and then carry it with you to visit relatives and friends, right?

Secondly, at least so far, the only seasonal food during the Dragon Boat Festival is rice dumplings. And year after year, there is not much change in form and taste, so businesses can only work on packaging. Of course, no matter what route the Dragon Boat Festival rice dumplings take, the most important thing is that the quality must pass the test.

Faced with the dazzling "aristocratic rice dumplings", many citizens do not appreciate it. The vast majority of people still love "civilian rice dumplings", thinking that the taste of rice dumplings is important, and the packaging is secondary. Don’t go the old way of mooncakes. A salesperson at a supermarket on Hong Kong Middle Road in Qingdao said that most of the customers who buy high-end rice dumplings give them away. The protagonists of traditional festival market consumption are ordinary people. Wishful luxury is getting further and further away from the market. Can the "taste" of this rice dumpling be good?

The state has issued repeated orders to restrict excessive packaging. Today, "aristocratic rice dumplings" appear, and tomorrow there will be "aristocratic rice dumplings" to dig into consumers' pockets, becoming a new source of "packaging pollution". When does excessive packaging stop?

Relevant people from the Qingdao Municipal Administration of Industry and Commerce said that the State Administration for Industry and Commerce recently issued a notice requiring that in the in-depth special rectification of food safety, strict investigation and punishment of moon cakes, rice dumplings, wine, health products and nutritional products, etc. Unfair competition behaviors such as excessive packaging, price discrepancies, and tying of other products in the product.

Industry experts believe that from the perspective of protecting consumer rights and promoting sustainable development, relevant departments have noticed the phenomenon of excessive packaging of goods including mooncakes and have made mandatory regulations. . Coupled with the increasing awareness of environmental protection among people, the number of fancy packaging on the market will gradually decrease. At the same time, simple packaging that is hygienic, safe, convenient and practical is more popular.

On May 22 this year, the China Chamber of Commerce issued the national rice dumpling industry standard, which has clear and specific provisions on the product classification, hygienic indicators, labeling and packaging, transportation, storage and sales of rice dumplings. . It is understood that in addition to the "SB/T10377" label on the external packaging, "standard rice dumplings" also clearly define the meaning of rice dumplings and stipulate that the raw and auxiliary materials of 17 types of rice dumplings, such as water and glutinous rice, must comply with national standards.

According to the analysis of the relevant person in charge of the Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the "Standard" is not a national mandatory standard and will be difficult to implement, but its regulatory role in the market should be affirmed. . (Excerpt from "Peninsula Metropolis Daily")

Method guidance

1. Master several methods of interpreting news texts

News is a type of narrative. We can learn from the reading methods of narratives and combine them with the characteristics of news to interpret them. Therefore, when reading news, you can adopt the following six steps:

1. Look at the headline information and figure out the type of news. That is, by trying to figure out the meaning of the question, one can identify the narrative object of the article, whether it is news about people or events, news or communication. For example, the title of this article is "The Luxury Sign of Zongzi Packaging", which basically determines the object and focus of reading.

2. Grasp the narrative elements and understand the general content. This is determined by the characteristics of the text. Because the content of news, no matter what type, is generally inseparable from the six elements of character, time, place and the cause, development and result of the matter.

3. Analyze the clues of the writing and distinguish the paragraph levels.

That is to understand the context and sequence of the article. The purpose is to clarify the author's writing ideas, so that the paragraph level of the full text can be accurately divided. For example, this article can be divided into three parts, which respectively write about the signs of luxury packaging of rice dumplings, the reasons for luxury packaging, and measures for national governance.

4. Distinguish the narrative style and understand the structural characteristics. That is to say, the main narrative method used in the text analysis is that the message generally adopts the "inverted pyramid" style (that is, the results are mentioned first, then the important facts, and finally the secondary content), which is different from ordinary narratives. The narrative method of communication is more flexible and changeable, including narration, flashback, and perhaps interjection, supplementary narration and other narrative methods. This requires us to pay special attention to these aspects when reading. This article adopts an "inverted pyramid" structure, that is, we first talk about the results of the luxurious packaging of rice dumplings, then the reasons, and finally the solutions.

5. Dig out the central theme and understand the meaning of the text. The purpose is to answer the test points of "evaluating the main viewpoints and basic tendencies of the text", "evaluating the social value and influence of the text" and "exploring the life value and the spirit of the times reflected in the text". The purpose of the article is very clear, that is, it advocates that the packaging of rice dumplings should be hygienic, safe, convenient and practical.

6. Analyze expression techniques for appreciation and exploration. Generally speaking, it can be considered from several perspectives such as narrative, description, lyricism, discussion and other expression methods, literary methods such as foil and scene-based lyricism, and various rhetorical methods such as word refinement and metaphor, personification and so on. However, since news often uses a variety of expression techniques, and the reading time during exams is very limited, it is generally advisable to analyze the most important and prominent ones based on the news objects. For example, this article uses narrative and argumentation as the main expression methods, combining narrative and argumentation to make the point of view clear.

2. Methods of answering exploratory questions

As probing questions, their original intention is to encourage students’ divergent thinking, cultivate inquiry consciousness and innovative spirit, so as to reflect the basic principles of the new curriculum. The requirements are to advocate the learning method of independent inquiry and guide Chinese teaching to cultivate students' inquiry ability. Therefore, there is generally no agreed standard answer to inquiry questions. As long as the answer is reasonable and well-founded, points will be awarded. However, when examining inquiry ability, students cannot conduct random inquiry without any basis. They must also be able to conduct inquiry based on the relevant information provided by the text. Therefore, inquiry questions are not as comprehensive as general analysis questions. As long as students can discuss and explore a certain aspect, connect with the text, and explore something, they can be given points based on the reasonableness and discussion situation. Students can express their opinions on any point of the "reference answers"; they can also focus on one point while taking into account other answers; if they have new opinions, as long as they are reasonable, they can be given points as appropriate.

Topic setting

1. News reviews, including current reviews, pay attention to one issue at a time. What is this article about? What did the author discuss?

2. Like other current commentaries, this article is also good at using the technique of seeing the big from the small. Please analyze its "small" and "big".

3. Please explore the reasons for the "luxury" of zongzi. (Sang Jinlin)

Reference answers to "Signs of Luxury in Zongzi Packaging"

1. One thing: Be wary of the emergence of luxury rice dumplings after luxury mooncakes.

One suggestion: All departments should pay attention to this and not let it spread.

2. "Small": One refers to the small location, Qingdao; the second refers to the evaluation specifically for the luxury of rice dumplings. "Big": If left to develop naturally, it may lead to the emergence of uncivilized phenomena in "mooncake consumption", and countermeasures are proposed.

3. Reasons for excessive packaging: (1) From the seller’s perspective, merchants over-exaggerate the promotional role of packaging driven by profits; (2) From the buyer’s perspective, residents’ consumption is social and irrational Leading to excessive packaging; (3) From a social perspective, relevant laws and regulations are incomplete and law enforcement is insufficient.

Practical text reading biographies

The examination of "biography" emphasizes that students can have a deeper understanding and understanding of the character's growth experience and mental journey through assisted and independent reading, and be able to Make a realistic analysis of the various factors that affect the biography's growth, and make an objective and fair evaluation of his thoughts, character, merits and demerits.

The new "Curriculum Standards" have this requirement for biographies: "Read biographies, memoirs and other works of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign people, be able to grasp the basic facts, understand the life trajectory of the subject, and gain useful life inspiration from them. , and form a certain depth of thinking and judgment; understand the basic characteristics of biographical works, and try to write biographies.

"You must be able to "grasp the typical events and plots in the work, understand the author's evaluation of the protagonist and related facts, and form your own thinking and judgment." ”

Read the text below and complete questions 1-4.

From chopping firewood to learning to be a carpenter

Qi Baishi

Tongzhi Ten In the eleventh year, I was ten years old. In the past three years, I helped carry water, plant vegetables, sweep the floor, and do chores. I took my two brothers with me when I was free. The most important thing is to go up the mountain to cut firewood. After cutting the firewood, I can burn it at home, which can be sold to support my family. At that time, I was no longer an idle man who only knew how to eat but did not do anything. But it was about cutting firewood. Many of my neighbor's children went up the mountain together, and we became very good friends. When we went up the mountain, we cut a load of firewood. Gather three people to play "fork". Each person takes out a bundle and puts one end on the ground and the other end together. This is called "fork". The ones who throw the fork from far away take turns, and whoever can throw the fork down wins the other person's bundle of firewood. The one who fails to throw the fork loses his own bundle of firewood. If it falls, there is no win or lose. If two people throw it, they will split the losing bundle, and each person will win half the bundle. It is best to win alone, because the three bundles of firewood are combined. The firewood climbing is not very heavy. It is not easy to throw the firewood fork. It takes a long time to win or lose a bundle of firewood. This is a free entertainment for poor children. I was very happy when I was a child. Just for fun.

Later I was a guest and returned to my hometown one year. I passed by the mountains and saw a group of children cutting firewood. Among them were several familiar neighbors whose elders had cut firewood with me in the early years. , having played with the firewood fork, I couldn't help but feel sentimental, and wrote three poems, the last one of which said:

When I came here, there were many divergent roads all over the world, but when I came to Xingtang, I recognized my home,

I am still young, and the children are dancing and playing firewood.

When I was fifteen years old, my father saw that I was weak and weak, so he wanted me to learn a trade. I was preparing to make a living and support my family in the future. But which craft should I learn? At the beginning of that year, there was a villager who called him "Qi Man Carpenter". He was my great-uncle. His name was Qi Xianyou, my grandmother. , was his cousin-in-law, and he came to my house. My father invited him to drink. During the drinking, my father agreed with him that I would learn the carpenter's trade from him. On a good day, my father took me to my uncle Xianyou's house and performed the apprenticeship ceremony.

Uncle Xianyou's craftsmanship is a rough woodwork, also known as a large-scale woodworker. His specialty is building houses and erecting wooden frames. , rough tables, chairs, beds and stools, and rakes for farming, etc. I took an ax and saws every day and learned from him. Just after the Qingming Festival, I met someone building a house. Uncle Xianyou took me to build a wooden frame for them. I was not strong enough and I could not resist or support a large purlin. Uncle Xianyou said I was too useless, so he sent me home. . His father said many good things to him and begged him to take him in, but he refused, so he had no choice but to give up.

My father asked for a favor and found a rough carpenter named Qi Changling, who took me to apprentice. Master Qi, who is also our distant relative, was sympathetic to me. Seeing how weak my strength was, he said, "Practice hard! Everything comes from practice. If you practice often, you can improve your strength." "Come out."

I remember that autumn when I came back from work with Master Qi, I saw three people coming from a distance on the field in the countryside. Some were carrying wooden boxes on their shoulders, and some were carrying wooden boxes on their shoulders. Wearing a very strong coarse cloth bag, the bags in the box were also filled with axes, saws, drills, and the like. I knew they were carpenters at first glance, and of course they were our colleagues. I didn't care. Unexpectedly, when they got closer, my Master Qi lowered his hands, leaned sideways, and stood beside them, with a smile on his face, and said hello to them. The three of them were very arrogant. They nodded slightly and chatted indifferently: "Where are they from?" Master Qi replied respectfully: "I just made some rough furniture for others." . After a few words of conversation, they left without looking back. Master Qi waited until they were far away before pulling me forward.

I felt very surprised and asked: "We are carpenters and they are also carpenters. Why should the master be so respectful?" Master Qi said with a long face: "Children don't know the rules! We are big workers and do rough work. They are small craftsmen who do fine work. They can make exquisite and small things, and they can also carve flowers. This kind of craft is something that no smart person can learn in a lifetime. How can we, the big craftsmen, dare to compete with them? How about sitting side by side?" After hearing this, I felt very unconvinced. I thought: "They can learn it, but I can't learn it!" So I decided to learn small tools.

Method guidance

1. Understand the relevant knowledge of biography, and understand the difference between biography, novels, essays and other literary styles. Biography is a narrative style that records the life of a character, also called biography. Biography has a wide range of genres, with complex content and diverse forms. It is generally divided into two types: autobiography and biography. The former is the author's self-narration of his life, introducing the events he has experienced in his life to the readers in a systematic and focused manner, so that readers can understand the path he has taken; the latter is the author's account of other people's lives. This article is the autobiography of the old man Qi Baishi, which is equivalent to an autobiography.

2. Capture the personality of the characters fully demonstrated in the narrative and description of the article. The vivid and vivid passages in the article should be read repeatedly and deeply understood to grasp the complex thoughts, feelings and spiritual qualities of the protagonist. For some biographies with a strong temporal nature, the form of a table can be used to achieve a clear and coherent effect. For example, the description of Master Qi at the end of the article shows that there was a hierarchy among carpenters in the past, and those with good craftsmanship had a high status and were respected.

3. Grasp the artistic characteristics of biography that are both authentic and literary. It can be analyzed, compared, and summarized from the aspects of event narration, character description, and language expression to grasp the artistic characteristics of the work as a whole. Through reading, master the methods of selecting and organizing materials in biographical writing, understand the characteristics of biographies with clear praise and blame, and the use of language, and absorb useful expressions. For example, the language of this article is colloquial, the narrative is concise, vivid, natural and smooth, unpretentious, and short sentences are often used, which are accurate and concise.

4. For exploratory questions, you should boldly question based on the overall perception of the article, and taste the writing method, language, thoughts and feelings, layout of the article, etc., such as: the writing method of this article , What are the characteristics of language and image? How to evaluate a certain character? Which points in the article do you agree or disagree with, and why? How to reflect the different views of different characters and texts on a certain issue?

5. From the perspective of examination propositions, we should pay special attention to the investigation of how to correctly evaluate the merits and demerits of the biography, how to draw useful life inspiration from biographical texts, and how to draw lessons from life. . Therefore, we must grasp the evaluation criteria of historical figures. Historical figures should be affirmed or denied based on their objective role in promoting or hindering historical development and social progress, and whether they are beneficial or harmful to the people. This is the basic standard for evaluating historical figures. Specifically, when evaluating historical figures, we must place the figures under the historical conditions in which they lived, and must not be divorced from the social reality at that time.

Training questions

1. Answer the following two questions based on the full text.

(1) In the first paragraph, Old Man Shiraishi talks in detail about the childhood game of "Chai Cha". What do you think the author's purpose is? Please write two points.

(2) In the second paragraph, "I can't help but feel sentimental." Why is Old Man Shiraishi sentimental?

2. Based on the original text, give a detailed summary of the character traits of the two carpenters of Old Man Baishi.

3. In the sixth paragraph, what is the purpose of old man Shiraishi recalling the story of the master and apprentice meeting the carpenter who "made small tools"? Please give a brief analysis.

4. Most of "Autobiography of Old Man Baishi" was dictated by Qi Baishi in his later years and recorded by his juniors. Later people commented on this biography as "I wrote it by hand and I spoke it". Please explore the linguistic features of the text. (Sang Jinlin)

Reference answers to "From Chopping Firewood to Learning to Be a Carpenter"

1. (1) Explain that he was a poor child in his early years; explain his childhood fun; (2) ) Seeing these children chopping firewood thinks of their carefree childhood, and at the same time thinks of the hardships of their middle-aged lives; the lives of people in their hometown are still difficult.

2. (1) Master Qi Xianyou: Stubborn, stubborn, difficult to adapt to, and has high demands on his apprentices.

Because the young Qi Baishi was weak and useless at work, he dismissed him. Qi's father "begged" him with all kinds of entreaties, but he "resolutely refused"; (2) Master Qi Changling: able to be considerate and able He was tolerant of his apprentice's shortcomings and shortcomings, and was sincere and persuasive. When he saw Qi Baishi's "very weak strength", he encouraged him that as long as he practiced hard, he could develop his strength.

3. (1) Explain that there was a hierarchy among carpenters in the past, and those with good craftsmanship had a high status and were respected; (2) Explain the reason why he later changed to "small tool making" carpentry .

4. (1) Strong colloquial color. For example, "In the third year of Guangxu's reign, I was fifteen years old. My father saw that I was weak and weak, so he wanted me to learn a trade." (2) The narrative is concise, vivid, natural, smooth and unpretentious. For example, "In the past three years, I have been helping my two brothers at home." (3) Use short sentences, be accurate and concise. "In the tenth year of Tongzhi, I was nine years old. In the eleventh year, I was ten years old. In the twelve years, I was eleven years old." (4) The line drawing technique is used very well, and a character can be described in just a few words. For example, "My Master Qi lowered his hands and stood sideways. With a smile on his face, he said hello to them." (5) Show the storyline through comparison. For example, compare two masters, one with a big skill and one with a small skill.