Said by: One of the important viewpoints of Zhu Neo-Confucianism, but this famous saying was not invented by Zhu.
For a long time, it has been circulated as Zhu's invention to "preserve justice and destroy human desires".
In fact, this concept has already appeared in the Book of Rites, which says: "Those who make things will destroy the laws of heaven and the desires of the poor. Therefore, there is a rebellious and treacherous heart, and there is fornication. " The so-called "those who destroy justice and want poverty" here refers to those who do whatever they want without justice.
Cheng said: "People are in danger because of their selfish desires. The heart is natural, so it is subtle. If you want to destroy selfish desires, you will be clear. " The so-called "eliminating selfish desires and managing tomorrow" here means "preserving justice and eliminating human desires".
Later, Zhu said: "Confucius said' self-denial and self-respect', the doctrine of the mean said' to be neutral',' to respect morality',' to ask about learning by Tao', the university said' to be wise', and the book said' people are afraid of danger, the Tao is subtle, and the essence is unique, let it go'. Sages have a thousand words.
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Zhu's theoretical system
Zhu's philosophical system is based on Cheng Hao's theory, absorbing Zhou Dunyi's Taiji theory, Zhang Zai's Qi theory and Buddhism and Taoism. The core category of this system is "reason", or "Tao" and "Tai Chi". Zhu's so-called rationality has several interrelated meanings
Reason is a metaphysical person who precedes natural phenomena and social phenomena. He believes that reason is more fundamental than qi, and logically reason precedes qi; At the same time, Qi has the initiative to change, and reason cannot be separated from Qi. He believes that everything has its reason, and the reason of everything is one after all, that is, "Tai Chi".
Reason is the law of things.
Rationality is the basic principle of ethics. Zhu, also known as Tai Chi, is the sum of the principles of all things in the world, that is, the principle of total truth. Tai Chi is just a word. Taiji contains the principle of everything, and everything can embody the whole Taiji alone.
This is that everyone has the spirit of Artest, and everything has the spirit of Artest. Everyone and things take abstract rationality as the basis of their existence, and everyone and things have a complete rationality, that is, rationality is different.
Rationality is human nature. Zhu, also known as Tai Chi, is the sum total of universal principles, that is, the principle of total truth. Qi is the second category in Zhu's philosophical system after relay theory. It is tangible, affectionate, tangible and traceable; It has the characteristics of cohesion and artificiality.
It is the material for casting everything. Everything in the world is the product of the unity of reason and matter. Zhu believes that the relationship between reason and qi has its main and secondary aspects. Anger should be controlled by qi, with qi as the primary, qi as the object and back, and qi as the secondary.