2. Two original works by China and Mencius in the ninth grade: Get more help from the Tao, get less help from the Tao, and the geographical position is not as good as harmony with others. 1. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, and the four rings are invincible. If the husband attacks it, it will be in the right place at the right time, and the winner is not as good as the right place. The city is not too high, the pool is not too deep, the army is not too strong, and the rice is not too much. It is said that geographical location is not as good as harmony between people. Therefore, the people in China do not take the frontier, consolidate the country without the danger of mountains and rivers, and conquer the world without the benefits of military reform. Those who gain the Tao help more, and those who lose the Tao help less. People who are not helpful will help you, and people close to your family will help you. Help more, and the world will be at peace. When the world is at peace, you attack your relatives. Sun Shuaio is in the sea and Priscilla is in the city. Therefore, the sky will fall to the people of Sri Lanka. We must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies and confuse their actions. Therefore, patience has benefited from what they can't do. People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. If you go in, you can't go home, but if you go out, you will be invincible, and the country will die. Then you will know that you were born in sorrow and died in happiness.
3. Mencius' arrangement of classical Chinese common sense in two chapters I. Keywords
1. Add some words below.
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2. Explain the following words.
(1) Leaving the committee: giving up. Go: Leave.
(2) Little help: extreme.
(3) The world is indifferent: submission and obedience.
(4) Version promotion of Fu Shuo: appointment and selection.
(5) Suffer from its mental pain: make ... feel distressed.
(6) people remain the same: often.
(7) Post-work: Stand up and make a difference.
(8) After metaphor: understand, understand.
3. Find out the common words in the following sentences and explain them.
(1) The contradiction between relatives is interpreted as betrayal.
(2) Yico Zeng cannot increase.
(3) Balance is interpreted as infarction, which is not smooth.
(4) People can't get the assistance of Legalists.
Second, memorize the knowledge list of key sentences.
1. Fill in the blanks with the original text.
(1) The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.
(2) As the saying goes, the people in the territory do not take the edge of the frontier, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the benefits of the world do not take the benefits of military revolution.
(3) If you enter, you will not be able to go home; if you leave, you will be invincible against foreign aggression, and your country will perish.
(4) The central argument put forward in "Get more help from the Tao, get less help from the Tao" is that the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people.
(5) The central argument of Born in Worry and Died in Happiness is that knowledge is born in Worry and dies in Happiness.
2. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese.
(1) People in China don't take the border, the country doesn't take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world doesn't take the benefits of military reform.
To make people live in peace and not move to other places, we can't rely on the demarcated frontiers to consolidate national defense and shock the world, and we can't rely on the strength of force.
(2) Not much help, relatives. Help more, and the world will be at peace.
Few people help him to the extreme, and his brothers and sisters will betray him. With so many people helping him, the whole world will submit to him.
(3) Therefore, a gentleman can defeat the enemy without fighting.
Therefore, if you don't fight, you will win.
Therefore, heaven is a great task, and so are people.
Therefore, God has to make a great mission to such people.
Therefore, patience has benefited from what it can't.
Use these to enlighten his mind, make his temperament patient and increase his talents that he has not yet possessed.
(6) Then know that you were born in sorrow and died in happiness.
Only in this way can people understand that suffering makes people live and develop, while enjoying happiness makes people haggard and die.
Third, paragraph recitation knowledge list
Write the second paragraph silently, "Born in sorrow, died in happiness".
People can be changed after they have passed, and they are trapped in their minds before they act, characterized by color and sound. If you enter, there will be no legalist school, and if you leave, you will be invincible to foreign patients. The country will perish forever, and then you will know that you were born in sorrow and died in happiness.
Fourth, literature (style) common sense recitation knowledge list
1. "Tao helps more, Tao helps less" is selected from Mencius Gongsun Chou; Born in sorrow and died in happiness is selected from Mencius' Gao Zi Xia.
Mencius is one of the Confucian classics. Mencius was a thinker and educator in the Warring States Period.
The key words, sentences and literary common sense in the two chapters of Mencius comprehensively summarize the important knowledge points in the Chinese textbook of this lesson, including key words, sentences and literary common sense. These knowledge points are more likely to appear in the exam. If you are not sure about the coming Chinese exam and don't know where to review, junior high school Chinese knowledge points will always be your best choice.
4. Interpretation of the two chapters of Mencius: The two chapters of Mencius grasp the research and development center of middle school Chinese curriculum textbooks of People's Education Publishing House as a whole-these two chapters are short essays.
The author grasped the center of the discussion and made a brief argument in highly generalized language. His views were distinct and prominent, which made people think deeply after reading. At the beginning of this essay, I put forward the view that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony", pointing out that "human harmony" is the primary condition for defeating the enemy.
"Harmony between people" means "helping more" and "obeying the world" mentioned below, that is, the support and support of the people, which embodies Mencius' political thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch". Song Zhuxi's evaluation of this chapter is: "Yin Shi said: He who speaks the world wins the hearts of the people."
Jiao Xun's annotation in the Qing Dynasty is: "Man is more important than heaven and earth, so Qiu Min is called the son of heaven." It can be seen that this chapter is not about war, but about people's hearts, and it is about the importance of "king" (that is, "benevolent government") by war.
Therefore, the article first compares the harmony between weather and geographical location, geographical location and people step by step, and points out that these three factors play different roles in the war; Finally, the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, and those who lose the Tao will help less" is deduced from human harmony to complete the argument of this paper. At the beginning of this chapter, the central argument is put forward and proved by a very general war example. Then, it is proved theoretically, and the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, while those who lose the Tao will help less" is drawn, and the essence of "human harmony" is clarified.
At the end of the article, the "gentleman" who won "human harmony" and "victory in the war" is the conclusion, highlighting "human harmony" is the most important condition to determine the outcome of the war. The sentences in this article are neat, fluent, coherent and convincing.
For example, when demonstrating that geographical location is not as good as harmony between people, the author first uses four juxtaposed negative sentences to fully develop the favorable conditions of "geographical location" owned by the defensive side, and then suddenly turns the tables and tells the result of failure, which makes the conclusion that "geographical location is not as good as harmony between people" very convincing. For another example, when the author expounds his "Tao helps more", he also uses three negative parallelism sentences first, and naturally draws a conclusion; Then, through the comparison between "more help" and "less help", it is natural to deduce that "a gentleman can defeat the enemy without fighting."
Born in sorrow and died in happiness, this chapter is about cultivating talents and governing the country. Mencius believed that talents were cultivated in a difficult environment, so he said, "We must first suffer from their thoughts ... and do whatever they want." Through such training, we can be "patient and benefit from what they can't do."
But this is only one aspect of the problem. The other side of the problem is that he attaches importance to people's subjective factors and puts forward the viewpoint of "being trapped in the heart, weighing and considering before moving", thus explaining the subjective and objective conditions for cultivating talents. The essay talks about the country from a personal point of view, and puts forward the conclusion that "if you enter, you will not be able to go home, but if you leave, you will be invincible against foreign invasion and the country will die."
This is aimed at the monarch, which means that if there are no officials who strictly enforce the law and dare to speak out, the monarch will run amok; Without the intrusion of neighboring countries, the monarch would indulge in happiness. This naturally leads to the central idea of this chapter-"Born in sorrow, died in happiness".
At the beginning of the article, six comparisons are used in succession, and the facts are cited to show that although these people were born in poverty, they finally achieved extraordinary careers after hard training. In line with this fact, the author used several phrases to draw the conclusion that "the sky will drop to a big position, so people will be convinced."
On this basis, the author further demonstrates the benefits of being tempered from both positive and negative aspects, and finally puts forward the central argument of this paper. There are some famous aphorisms in this paper. We should be able to understand their meanings and learn how to use them properly, such as: getting Michinosuke, but not Tao; The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people; Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
This sentence is often quoted, and students should be required to memorize and use it. An analysis of the key points and difficulties in the two chapters of Mencius-1. The key point of "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao" lies in understanding the arguments and argumentation process of the article.
At the beginning of this paper, the argument that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony" is put forward, which highlights the importance of "human harmony". This paper starts with the three elements of the offensive and defensive sides (weather, geography and human harmony) and demonstrates them with examples.
Then, the article pushes the theory to a higher level, launches positive and negative comparative arguments, and draws the conclusion that "the more help you get, the less help you lose". Difficulty: How to unify "harmony between people" and "more help when you get the word, less help when you lose it"
"Harmony among people" means unity among people. This involves the problem of people turning their backs.
The following "more help" and "less help" are also a matter of people's hearts. "Give more help" and everyone will support you. "Shosuke", even your relatives will betray you.
Therefore, the two are a problem, which can be unified to Mencius' thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch". 2. "Born in sorrow, died in happiness" Focus: Understand the arguments and argumentation process of the article.
Different from "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao", this paper gives examples first, then discusses the reasons, and finally summarizes the central argument, which is getting deeper and deeper. The first paragraph lists the same experience of six people: after hard training, they achieved great things.
The second paragraph summarizes the first paragraph, from the individual to the general, and proves that "born in sorrow." The third paragraph talks about governing the country from the perspective of personal growth, and illustrates the benefits of suffering by combining positive and negative aspects. The former argues that "born in sorrow", while the latter argues that "died in happiness".
At the end of the last paragraph, the central argument of "born in sorrow and died in happiness" is introduced. Difficulties: How to understand the first sentence of the third paragraph?
This sentence is closely related to the above four words "Be patient". The author wants to tell people that common mistakes, inner worries, blocked thoughts and hardships revealed in words and actions are all hardships that people often experience. As long as they have the determination to correct, as long as they maintain their mental state, as long as they pursue and act tirelessly, become "worried" and become patient, they will certainly survive and develop in "worry".
5. The second chapter of the classical Chinese "Mencius" can't explain the original text with wealth:
Jingchun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi loyal men? Anger is the fear of the princes, and peace is the destruction of the world. "
Mencius said, "A gentleman is a gentleman. Haven't you learned manners? The husband's crown is also the father's life; When the woman got married, she was ordered by her mother to deliver it to her door, saying,' When you go to your daughter's house, you must respect it and not disobey your master!' He who takes obedience as the right path is also a concubine. Live in a vast place in the world, stand in the right position in the world and be the best self in the world. Success, with the people; Go your own way when you are frustrated. Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. This is called a gentleman. "
Translation:
Jing Chun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi really successful men with ambitions? When they were angry, the princes were afraid. When they are quiet, the world will be peaceful. "
Mencius said, "How can this be called a gentleman?" Haven't you learned manners? When the man was crowned, his father gave discipline; When the woman got married, her mother gave her instructions, sent her to the door, and warned her:' When you come to your husband's house, you must be respectful. "You must be careful not to go against your husband!" Obedience is the principle of being a concubine. As for a gentleman, he should live in the widest house in the world, stand in the most correct position in the world and walk on the brightest road in the world. When you succeed, you will advance with the people; When you are frustrated, you stick to your principles alone. Wealth can't confuse me, poverty can't make me change (ambition), and power can't make me yield (will). This is called a gentleman! "
6. Mencius' two chapters "Two Chapters of Mencius" refer to two classical Chinese texts selected into the second volume of the ninth grade Chinese textbook of the People's Education Press-"Getting the Way without Helping" and "Born in Worry and Died in Happiness", both of which are from Mencius.
Mencius was born in Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). Politicians, thinkers and educators in the Warring States period, followed by Confucian masters. The Yuan and Ming Dynasties were called "Elegant Sounds". He advocated "benevolent government", "kingly way", "theory of good nature" and "people are more valuable than kings".
The original text "get more help from the Tao, get less help from the Tao" is not as good as geographical location, and geographical location is not as good as human harmony.
The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, was invincible when attacked by the Lord of the Rings. If the husband attacks it, it will be the right time, and if it is invincible, it will be the right place.
The city is not too high, the pond is not too deep, the army is not very profitable, and there is not much rice, so it is not as good as people and peace.
Therefore, the people in the territory do not take the government boundary, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world does not take advantage of war. Those who gain the Tao help more, while those who lose the Tao help less. Relatives will be there when there is no help. Help more, and the world will be at peace. Take advantage of the world and attack your relatives. A gentleman wins without fighting.
[Edit this paragraph] Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
Shun was born in mu, Fu Shuo was born in the middle of the building, and the glue was in fish and salt. Guan Yi I was a scholar, Sun Shuai was in the sea, and a hundred miles was in the city. Therefore, when the sky falls, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot.
People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the mind, think before you act; Symbols use color, hair uses sound, and then metaphor. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. In this way, you will know that sorrow is enough to make people live and pleasure is enough to make people die.
7. What are the themes reflected in the two chapters of Mencius? The two chapters of Mencius grasp the research and development center of middle school Chinese curriculum textbooks published by People's Education Press as a whole-these two chapters are short essays.
The author grasped the center of the discussion and made a brief argument in highly generalized language. His views were distinct and prominent, which made people think deeply after reading. At the beginning of this essay, I put forward the view that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony", pointing out that "human harmony" is the primary condition for defeating the enemy.
"Harmony between people" means "helping more" and "obeying the world" mentioned below, that is, the support and support of the people, which embodies Mencius' political thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch". Song Zhuxi's evaluation of this chapter is: "Yin Shi said: He who speaks the world wins the hearts of the people."
Jiao Xun's annotation in the Qing Dynasty is: "Man is more important than heaven and earth, so Qiu Min is called the son of heaven." It can be seen that this chapter is not about war, but about people's hearts, and it is about the importance of "king" (that is, "benevolent government") by war.
Therefore, the article first compares the harmony between weather and geographical location, geographical location and people step by step, and points out that these three factors play different roles in the war; Finally, the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, and those who lose the Tao will help less" is deduced from human harmony to complete the argument of this paper. At the beginning of this chapter, the central argument is put forward and proved by a very general war example. Then, it is demonstrated theoretically, and the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao help more, those who lose the Tao help less" is drawn, and the essence of "human harmony" is clarified.
At the end of the article, the "gentleman" who won "human harmony" and "victory in the war" is the conclusion, highlighting "human harmony" is the most important condition to determine the outcome of the war. The sentences in this article are neat, fluent, coherent and convincing.
For example, when demonstrating that geographical location is not as good as harmony between people, the author first uses four juxtaposed negative sentences to fully develop the favorable conditions of "geographical location" owned by the defensive side, and then suddenly turns the tables and tells the result of failure, which makes the conclusion that "geographical location is not as good as harmony between people" very convincing. For another example, when the author expounds his "Tao helps more", he also uses three negative parallelism sentences first, and naturally draws a conclusion; Then, through the comparison between "more help" and "less help", it is natural to deduce that "a gentleman can defeat the enemy without fighting."
Born in sorrow and died in happiness, this chapter is about cultivating talents and governing the country. Mencius believed that talents were cultivated in a difficult environment, so he said, "We must first suffer from their thoughts ... and do whatever they want." Through such training, we can be "patient and benefit from what they can't do."
But this is only one aspect of the problem. The other side of the problem is that he attaches importance to people's subjective factors and puts forward the viewpoint of "trapped in the heart, weighing in consideration, and then moving", thus explaining the subjective and objective conditions for cultivating talents. The essay talks about the country from a personal point of view, and puts forward the conclusion that "if you enter, you will not be able to go home, but if you leave, you will be invincible against foreign invasion and the country will die."
This is aimed at the monarch, which means that if there are no officials who strictly enforce the law and dare to speak out, the monarch will run amok; Without the intrusion of neighboring countries, the monarch would indulge in happiness. This naturally leads to the central idea of this chapter-"Born in sorrow, died in happiness".
At the beginning of the article, six comparisons are used in succession, and the facts are cited to show that although these people were born in poverty, they finally achieved extraordinary careers after hard training. In line with this fact, the author used several phrases to draw the conclusion that "the sky will drop to a big position, so people will be convinced."
On this basis, the author further demonstrates the benefits of being tempered from both positive and negative aspects, and finally puts forward the central argument of this paper. There are some famous aphorisms in this paper. We should be able to understand their meanings and learn how to use them properly, such as: getting Michinosuke, but not Tao; The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people; Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
This sentence is often quoted, and students should be required to memorize and use it. An analysis of the key points and difficulties in the two chapters of Mencius-1. The key point of "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao" lies in understanding the arguments and argumentation process of the article.
At the beginning of this paper, the argument that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony" is put forward, which highlights the importance of "human harmony". This paper starts with the three elements of the offensive and defensive sides (weather, geography and human harmony) and demonstrates them with examples.
Then, the article pushes the theory to a higher level, launches positive and negative comparative arguments, and draws the conclusion that "the more help you get, the less help you lose". Difficulty: How to unify "harmony between people" and "more help when you get the word, less help when you lose it"
"Harmony among people" means unity among people. This involves the problem of people turning their backs.
The following "more help" and "less help" are also a matter of people's hearts. "Give more help" and everyone will support you. "Shosuke", even your relatives will betray you.
Therefore, the two are a problem, which can be unified to Mencius' thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch". 2. "Born in sorrow, died in happiness" Focus: Understand the arguments and argumentation process of the article.
Different from "getting more help from the Tao, getting less help from the Tao", this paper gives examples first, then discusses the reasons, and finally summarizes the central argument, which is getting deeper and deeper. The first paragraph lists the same experience of six people: after hard training, they achieved great things.
The second paragraph summarizes the first paragraph, from the individual to the general, and proves that "born in sorrow." The third paragraph talks about governing the country from the perspective of personal growth, and illustrates the benefits of suffering by combining positive and negative aspects. The former argues that "born in sorrow", while the latter argues that "died in happiness".
At the end of the last paragraph, the central argument of "born in sorrow and died in happiness" is introduced. Difficulties: How to understand the first sentence of the third paragraph?
This sentence is closely related to the above four words "Be patient". The author wants to tell people that common mistakes, inner worries, blocked thoughts and hardships revealed in words and actions are all hardships that people often experience. As long as they have the determination to correct, as long as they maintain their mental state, as long as they pursue and act tirelessly, become "worried" and become patient, they will certainly survive and develop in "worry".