Chinese name
Seal carving
mbth
seal carving
origin
Shang Dynasty
representative works of intangible cultural heritage of mankind
selected time
September 28th to October 2nd, 29
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Overview of seal cutting genre seal cutting development of ancient seal slips, seal cutting tools, materials, seal cutting techniques, seal cutting techniques, essentials of seal cutting appreciation
Meaning explanation
seal cutting [zhuàn kè]
(1). Metaphorical writing and meticulous writing.
Han Yangxiong's Fa Yan My Son: "Or ask:' My son is few but good at giving?' Say,' naturally, the boy carves insects and seals.' Suddenly, he said,' It's not right to be a strong man.'
Selected Works of Ren Fang <; Let the official department seal the first table for Fan Shangshu > ":"I have studied hard, but once I am cured; Seal cutting is a text, but it will be ruined in three winters. " Lu Yanji's note: "seal script means seal script, and engraving means carving articles."
Song Qin Guan's poem "Jing Wen for Liu Shijun" reads: "The brush strokes are carved from the ancient heart, and chivalry is attracted to the sky."
(2). It means carving and over-embellishing the text.
Gao Qi's Poems in the South of Bagou in the Ming Dynasty: "The meter is deep and steady, and it is not about seal cutting, but it is often reasonable."
(3). Carve the seal.
Wen Zhiming, Biography of Wen Yuan in the Ming Dynasty: "Wen Peng and Wen Jia are both able to write poems, and they are famous for their calligraphy and painting."
Qing Ye Ting Yan's "Ou Bei Yu Hua Mi Zi comes from the Book and Poetry Volume": "Mi Zi Lai! Poetry and painting are both beautiful and good at seal cutting."
Guo Moruo's "Peony and Others Reading Paintings in Bamboo Shades": "Bao Shi, I think, is a standard China artist. He is versatile, knows seal cutting, calligraphy and painting, and is good at literature."
Overview of seal cutting
Introduction
As early as the Shang Dynasty, people used knives to carve the word "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" on tortoise shells. These characters have sharp blades, beautiful brushwork and a high level of "lettering". Before the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty, seal cutting was called "Xi" or "Gao". Xi was carved on jade, while Gao was carved on metal. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, it was stipulated that the "seal" was for the exclusive use of the emperor, and the seal used by ministers and private people was collectively referred to as "seal", and it was abolished from then on. This resulted in emperors using seals or treasures, officials using seals, generals using seals and private users using seals.
Qi Baishi's seal cutting works
The word "seal cutting" was written as "Zhen" in ancient times, next to the word "Yu". All the concave and convex patterns carved on jade are called "Zhen". Later, bamboo and silk became popular writing instruments, so the shape of seal characters was changed from "jade" to "bamboo". In fact, in ancient times, anything that belonged to jade carving, stone carving, bamboo carving and bronze carving could be called "seal cutting", and the engraving of seals was only a small part of it. When he arrived at Qin Shihuang, he made a comprehensive arrangement of the national calligraphy styles, which were divided into eight styles, and the words on the printing surface were called "copy seal"; When Wang Mang decided on six books, it was called "Miao Zhuan", and from then on, it was clearly decided that Zhuan Shu was the font used for seal printing. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the preferences of scholars and writers, although the seal system was changed, seal script was still used for printing. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Indian people came out, seal cutting became an art form based on seal script, using carving methods to express density and clutch on the printing surface, and seal cutting also changed from carving in a broad sense to the study of managing printing in a narrow sense. Some people directly refer to this study of printing as "engraving", "iron pen", "iron book" and "engraving stamp".
At the fourth meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, held from 28 September to 2 October 29, China declared Dragon Boat Festival, China calligraphy, China seal cutting, Chinese paper-cutting, China engraving and printing techniques, China traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures, China traditional mulberry silk weaving techniques, Longquan celadon traditional firing techniques, Mazu belief in customs, Nanyin, craftsmanship of nanjing yunjin brocade, Xuan paper traditional production techniques, Dong folk songs, Cantonese opera, Gesa (Si 'er), Regong art, Tibetan opera, Manas, Huaer and Xi 'an drum music.
the origin of seal cutting
seal cutting has experienced more than ten dynasties in its long history of more than 3,7 years. In this long-term development process, seal cutting has experienced two highly developed historical stages.
Wu Changshuo's seal cutting works
One is the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the seal cutting materials in this period are mainly jade, gold, teeth and horns. It is called "Ancient seal cutting Period", and its seal cutting characteristics are mainly divided by times. Seal cutting developed in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, but it was in a period of decline. During this period, due to the application of regular script instead of seal script, and the separation of official seal and private seal, seal cutting went downhill. This situation took a turn for the better at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when the painter Wang Mian discovered that the flower milk stone could be printed, thus making the stone an ideal material for printing. In the Ming Dynasty, seal cutting entered a period of revival.
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Meaning interpretation
Seal cutting [zhuàn kè]
(1). Metaphorical writing and meticulous writing.
Han Yangxiong's Fa Yan My Son: "Or ask:' My son is few but good at giving?' Say,' naturally, the boy carves insects and seals.' Suddenly, he said,' It's not right to be a strong man.'
Selected Works of Ren Fang <; Let the official department seal the first table for Fan Shangshu > ":"I have studied hard, but once I am cured; Seal cutting is a text, but it will be ruined in three winters. " Lu Yanji's note: "seal script means seal script, and engraving means carving articles."
Song Qin Guan's poem "Jing Wen for Liu Shijun" reads: "The brush strokes are carved from the ancient heart, and chivalry is attracted to the sky."
(2). It means carving and over-embellishing the text.
Gao Qi's Poems in the South of Bagou in the Ming Dynasty: "The meter is deep and steady, and it is not about seal cutting, but it is often reasonable."
(3). Carve the seal.
Wen Zhiming, Biography of Wen Yuan in the Ming Dynasty: "Wen Peng and Wen Jia are both able to write poems, and they are famous for their calligraphy and painting."
Qing Ye Ting Yan's "Ou Bei Yu Hua Mi Zi comes from the Book and Poetry Volume": "Mi Zi Lai! Poetry and painting are both beautiful and good at seal cutting."
Guo Moruo's "Peony and Others Reading Paintings in Bamboo Shades": "Bao Shi, I think, is a standard China artist. He is versatile, knows seal cutting, calligraphy and painting, and is good at literature."
Overview of seal cutting
Introduction
As early as the Shang Dynasty, people used knives to carve the word "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" on tortoise shells. These characters have sharp blades, beautiful brushwork and a high level of "lettering". Before the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty, seal cutting was called "Xi" or "Gao". Xi was carved on jade, while Gao was carved on metal. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, it was stipulated that the "seal" was for the exclusive use of the emperor, and the seal used by ministers and private people was collectively referred to as "seal", and it was abolished from then on. This resulted in emperors using seals or treasures, officials using seals, generals using seals and private users using seals.
Qi Baishi's seal cutting works
The word "seal cutting" was written as "Zhen" in ancient times, next to the word "Yu". All the concave and convex patterns carved on jade are called "Zhen". Later, bamboo and silk became popular writing instruments, so the shape of seal characters was changed from "jade" to "bamboo". In fact, in ancient times, anything that belonged to jade carving, stone carving, bamboo carving and bronze carving could be called "seal cutting", and the engraving of seals was only a small part of it. When he arrived at Qin Shihuang, he made a comprehensive arrangement of the national calligraphy styles, which were divided into eight styles, and the words on the printing surface were called "copy seal"; When Wang Mang decided on six books, it was called "Miao Zhuan", and from then on, it was clearly decided that Zhuan Shu was the font used for seal printing. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the preferences of scholars and writers, although the seal system was changed, seal script was still used for printing. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Indian people came out, seal cutting became an art form based on seal script, using carving methods to express density and clutch on the printing surface, and seal cutting also changed from carving in a broad sense to the study of managing printing in a narrow sense. Some people directly refer to this study of printing as "engraving", "iron pen", "iron book" and "engraving stamp".
At the fourth meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, held from 28 September to 2 October 29, China declared Dragon Boat Festival, China calligraphy, China seal cutting, Chinese paper-cutting, China engraving and printing techniques, China traditional architectural craftsmanship for timber-framed structures, China traditional mulberry silk weaving techniques, Longquan celadon traditional firing techniques, Mazu belief in customs, Nanyin, craftsmanship of nanjing yunjin brocade, Xuan paper traditional production techniques, Dong folk songs, Cantonese opera, Gesa (Si 'er), Regong art, Tibetan opera, Manas, Huaer and Xi 'an drum music.
the origin of seal cutting
seal cutting has experienced more than ten dynasties in its long history of more than 3,7 years. In this long-term development process, seal cutting has experienced two highly developed historical stages.
Wu Changshuo's seal cutting works
One is the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the seal cutting materials in this period are mainly jade, gold, teeth and horns. It is called "Ancient seal cutting Period", and its seal cutting characteristics are mainly divided by times. Seal cutting developed in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, but it was in a period of decline. During this period, due to the application of regular script instead of seal script, and the separation of official seal and private seal, seal cutting went downhill. This situation took a turn for the better at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, when the painter Wang Mian discovered that the flower milk stone could be printed, thus making the stone an ideal material for printing. In the Ming Dynasty, seal cutting entered a period of revival.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, seal cutting has ushered in its second peak of development, and its seal cutting characteristics are mainly various schools. During this period, Wen Peng and He Zhen played an important role in the creation of seal cutting. Wen Peng, the son of Wen Zhiming, discovered by chance that the "light stone" frozen stone can be used as a printing material. After his advocacy, stone was widely used. During this period, schools of seal cutting emerged, and seal cutting artists such as Cheng Sui, Ding Jing, Deng Shiru, Huang Mufu, Zhao Zhiqian and Wu Rangzhi appeared. At one time, seal cutting showed a prosperous scene.
Until the modern seal cutting masters Wu Changshuo, Li Liangyu and Qi Baishi, a complete seal cutting history of China was formed. Seal cutting is a perfect combination of calligraphy, composition and knife-cutting. On the one hand, there are magnificent and elegant calligraphy strokes, beautiful painting compositions and vivid carving charm of knife-cutting. It can be called "between square inches, the weather is myriad."
Li Liangyu's seal cutting works
Before we have fun, we should make clear the definition of seal cutting. What is seal cutting? There are two kinds of explanations: broad and narrow. The "seal" of seal cutting is Yu, and the ancient writing is "Zhen". From the annotation of Yu (Shuo Wen), it is explained that "Gui Bi is a sign, and it is also Zhen." ), all the concave and convex patterns carved on jade and stone are called "Zhu". Later, bamboo and silk became popular writing tools, so the symbol of seal characters was changed from "jade" to "bamboo".
seal cutting has a very early origin. According to the Records of Sacrifice in the Han Dynasty, "there was a book contract since the Five Emperors, and as for the Three Kings, the vulgarization of carving and the gradual rise of fraud and falsehood led to the seal, so as to detect the rape."
As far back as the Shang Dynasty more than 3,7 years ago, lettering was popular. However, there are no original words on the surface of the seal, only symbols symbolizing blood groups are attached to contemporary bronzes or flags. Although it is a mark, it does have a certain pronunciation. In the Zhou Dynasty, the bronze-based "Zhou Xi" rose greatly. There are all kinds of sizes and shapes, which are generally divided into two types: Bai Wen and Zhu Wen. The Qin Dynasty was the period when China characters evolved from "Shu Shu" to seal script, and the forms of seal were more extensive, and the seal characters were round and vigorous, and the strokes were tall and straight.
seals in the Han dynasty flourished, which was called Han seal in history, and the font changed from Xiao seal to Miao seal. The printing system and buttons in Chinese and Indian are also very exquisite. Xi Gang of Xiling Eight Schools once said: "India is the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, such as poetry and prose in the Tang Dynasty, and words and literature in the Jin Dynasty." During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the preferences of literati, although the seal system was changed, seal script was still used for printing. It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that there were a large number of Indian people, and seal cutting became an artistic form based on seal script, using carving methods to express density and clutch on the printing surface. Then seal cutting changed from carving in a broad sense to managing printing in a narrow sense.
seal cutting types
Zhou Xiyin:
Wei Han's seal cutting works
Before the Qin Dynasty, neither official seal nor private seal was called seal, but was collectively called "seal".
this is the earliest name of China seal. There are big seals and small seals, the big ones are several inches square, and the small ones are only a few minutes. There are copper and jade prints. The seal seal is made of big seal and small seal, and the layout is loose but not scattered, stretching freely and imposing. Small seals are more beautiful.
Official Seal of Qin and Han Dynasties:
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he reformed the chaotic six-nation script and formulated a unified font-Xiao Zhuan. In the society at that time, Xiao Zhuan was the standard word, so it was also the standard word on the seal.
the form of Qin seal is different from the past: the "Tian"-shaped frame is often used around it. The prints are evenly distributed in the box.
Official and private seals since the Tang and Song Dynasties:
The seal in the Tang Dynasty still uses seal script, but it is quite different from that before the Six Dynasties.
in Qin and Han dynasties, Miao seal script was mostly used for printing, and white script was carved.
In the Tang Dynasty, because the printing color was directly covered on cotton paper, the official seal was always Zhu Wen. At that time, some people used official script to print.
The official seal of Song Dynasty is close to that of Tang Dynasty. However, in the Jin Dynasty, it was printed with "Nine Stacks of Seal Characters". Private seals in Song and Yuan Dynasties changed a lot and were widely used. Besides copper and jade, ivory and rhinoceros horn were added. At that time, I could see vermilion inkpad printed on calligraphy and painting works, which produced artistic effects.
The official seal of the Ming Dynasty also followed the "Nine Stacks Seal", which was larger than that of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Most of them are broad-edged and thick Zhu Wen.
in the Qing dynasty, half of the official seal was Han seal and the other half was Manchu. Permanent official, the official seal is square; The official seal of a temporary official is rectangular, which is called "customs clearance".
seal cutting school
representative of Anhui school (Huizhou school): He.