Sir Don Quixote's absurd behavior is illogical and unreasonable to westerners, but in China's traditional culture, we have another description, which is called "those who know what they can't do". No matter what kind of ideal and belief, its greatness may not lie in how logical it is, but in the fact that someone sacrificed his life to defend it. People are like lightning, but confidence can be as bright as the sun and the moon. Wealth cannot be moved, such as nonsense, and prices are cheap, such as Guo Moruo. It's a pity that this is different.
Don Quixote seems absurd at first glance, but in fact it implies the author's profound understanding of Spanish reality. The author uses satirical and exaggerated artistic techniques to combine reality with fantasy to express his views on the times. Realistic description is dominant in Don Quixote, and it is completely different from the decorative landscape description in the old knight novels in terms of environmental description. The author takes epic scale as the main stage, and the appearance is mainly civilians, with nearly 700 people. Under this broad social background, he painted a series of social pictures with different characteristics and connections. The author's method of portraying characters is also a combination of reality and fiction, with praise in negation and hints in absurdity, which is very artistic.
Don Quixote is the best in the world because it puts forward a difficult problem that life can never solve: the contradiction between ideal and reality.
There are two reasons: first, there is always a pair of contradictions in the human spirit: ideal and reality. This is the first one. Don Quixote profoundly and vividly reveals this contradiction in the form of literature, which makes every generation feel that it is true and agree with it. Second, Cervantes wrote Don Quixote as early as17th century. It can be said that he is the first person in modern novels. Because he is the first person, his Don Quixote has an inestimable influence on Spanish literature, European literature and even the whole world literature. Therefore, such works will not only be translated into many languages. Don Quixote is such a work. Cervantes wrote Don Quixote in order to oppose the fabricated knight novel with bizarre plot and its bad influence on people. In Don Quixote, Cervantes criticized the evils of the times and exposed the ugly phenomenon of criticizing society. On the other hand, he praised the excellent moral qualities such as eliminating violence, punishing evil and promoting good, helping the poor and helping the weak, and praising the social ideal goal of the golden century. These are the common feelings of human beings, which can travel through time and space and have a sense of reality for every era and every nation. Four centuries later, it still touches every reader. So it is not surprising that this work was selected as the best classic literary masterpiece by 100 writers from 54 countries and regions around the world. Don Quixote, as a typical colonial text, was born in the heyday and decline of Spain's "golden age". The protagonist's basic goal is to establish colonial rule overseas. After Don Quixote failed to go out for the first time, he used this myth to lure the peasants in the hinterland to participate in the colonial adventure directed by the author: "Don Quixote made a fuss, and he made a promise, so the poor fellow villagers decided to go out with him and be his entourage. Don Quixote also said to him: He can rest assured and go out by himself, because there may be unexpected adventures. If he conquered several islands in a blink of an eye, he would be the governor of this island.
The rewriting of history makes Don Jihe De full of strong colonial context. In the novel, we find that the mirror image of America or India is almost everywhere. In the process of the ranger, the master and servant meet couples or father and daughter from time to time to go to the United States, and they have heard many times that China people have made a fortune in the West. These descriptions show Cervantes' possessiveness as the citizen of the largest colonial empire at that time. They ignored that the gold and silver in their hands were the result of crazy plunder and bloody killing, and thought that the wealth of the colony naturally belonged to imperial assets; The Spanish have the right to control and use them at will. Secondly, from the artistic point of view, Cervantes laid the foundation of modern novels in the world through the creation of Don Quixote, that is to say, some writing techniques of modern novels, such as truth and imagination, seriousness and humor, accuracy and exaggeration, storytelling, and even the author's pointing fingers when he walked into the novel, all appeared in Don Quixote. For example, in Don Quixote, stupidity and intelligence and erudition, absurdity and truth and kindness, incompetence and courage and tenacity are in conflict. This is a ridiculous but not hateful, even lovely visionary. Sancho, the attendant and his master's personality characteristics, have both the same and opposite aspects, and there are differences in the same and different. In contrast, if Tang has the same thing, he is not blindly stupid, and there is a little flash of wisdom in the trial of the "governor". If Don Quixote is a clever fool, then Sancho should be a wise man among fools. In addition to these two prominent and contrasting protagonists, the book also portrays 700 characters with different occupations and personalities. They reflect the times and reality from different angles, and its significance may not be deeply felt by modern people who are full of various multidimensional stimuli of music, video and electronic multimedia synthesis all day, but at that time, people's only way of entertainment was to read by burning lamps. Therefore, Cervantes wrote Don Quixote as early as17th century, when literature was just enlightened and revived, which had a far-reaching and revolutionary impact on the development of modern novels. So he is the first person in modern novels. Just because he is the first person, Don Quixote's influence on Spanish literature, European literature and even the whole world literature is immeasurable.
In terms of creative methods, Cervantes is good at depicting the hero's character with typical language and actions, repeatedly emphasizing the character's personality with exaggerated methods, and boldly using some opposing artistic expressions alternately, which has both thought-provoking tragic elements and comedy elements. Although the structure of the novel is not rigorous enough and some details are inconsistent, it is a big step forward compared with previous European novels in terms of reflecting the depth and breadth of reality and portraying the typicality of characters, marking a new stage in European novel creation. The reader knows that he is reading a novel, and Cervantes certainly realizes that he is writing a story about Don Quixote. But he pretended that Don Jihad was expecting a book about his experience. More intriguing scenes appear in the second novel, which criticizes and discusses the first novel. The dialogue between Don Quixote, Sancho, Lang and carrasco in the third chapter of Part II is probably the most unusual dialogue in world literature. Characters are talking about creating their works, which are now selling well in the world they live in. The bright future envisioned by Don Quixote has now become a reality; He is a hero in a black and white book. Samson tells readers' different reactions: some people like Don Quixote to beat giants, and some people say that the greatest thing is that Don Quixote let the convicts go; But many people don't like Don Quixote being beaten all the time; Everyone is full of humor in Sancho's language, but he thinks his ideal of being a governor is too unrealistic ... People even continue to discuss whether the author will write the second part of Don Quixote, but we actually read the second part of Don Quixote.
In the second part of the novel, Don Quixote and Sancho don't seem to realize that they only exist in a novel, but compare them with Don Quixote and Sancho in the book as "real" people. But the result is also a dilemma: if Don Quixote and Sancho in the Fake Book prove to be fiction, Cervantes' The First Poem of Don Quixote is just the same. Why talk about "truth"? Cervantes' solution to this embarrassment is to treat the experiences of Don Quixote and Sancho in the first book of Don Quixote as "real". This not only maintains the authenticity of the existence of Don Jihad and Sancho, but also points out the falsity of "fake books".
In Don Quixote, we can clearly find the process of reconstruction and deconstruction between the old and new texts, and form a performance effect of mutual reference, mutual interpretation and significance, which truly realizes the text purpose caused by its parody. In the narrative of Don Quixote, various voices are used to express it. In the language style of the text, it has complex and peculiar characteristics, mainly reflected in: 1. Because personal experience is complex and changeable, and emotions are rich and colorful, it will make the expression of language and voice, intonation and tone more auspicious. 2. In the past, parody stood out in various texts such as vagrant novels, knight novels, tragedies and epics. In parody, monotonous and high-pitched tones are used, and more meanings and overtones are used at the same time. In order to accurately reflect the author's real intention, Don Quixote organized different voices in society and reflected them through his works. Its manifestations are: mixing languages, quoting other people's languages and the protagonist's language, and inserting other genres. At the same time, there is a sharp contrast between Sancho and Don Quixote. Sancho's language is humorous, full of cunning and wit, and often unconsciously quotes a series of folk allegorical sayings and proverbs, which further highlights the absurdity of chivalry. Don Quixote, on the other hand, often wakes up with incisive opinions and unique thinking, and inadvertently conveys an emotional message to readers. Of course, the change and transformation of perspective in the novel also reflects many languages and voices.