The main schools of psychology are:

1. Constructivism

The constructivist school of psychology is the first school of psychology to emerge since the birth of psychology. Representative figures include Wundt, Titchener, etc. Wundt and others believe that psychology is the science of studying people's direct experience, that is, consciousness. They use introspection methods to analyze the content of people's consciousness and find out the components of consciousness. They divide human experience (consciousness) into feelings, images and emotions. Three elements; introspection refers to relying on subjects’ observations and descriptions of their own experiences to understand people’s direct experiences. In short, psychology studies consciousness divided into its basic elements, not consciousness as a whole.

2. Functionalism

The functionalist school of psychology was founded by American psychologists such as James, Dewey and Angel. This doctrine was proposed as the opposite of constructivism. . It also advocates the study of consciousness, but it opposes viewing consciousness as a collection of individual psychological elements and does not analyze consciousness into elements such as feelings and emotions. It advocates that consciousness is a continuous whole and an ongoing process, that is, it studies " "Stream of Consciousness", which advocates that the research object of psychology is adaptive psychological activities and attaches great importance to the practical application of psychology. The function of consciousness is to adapt the organism to the environment.

3. Behaviorism

The representatives of the behavioral school of psychology are Watson and Skinner. This school has been dominant for a long time since its establishment. Known as the number one force in psychology. Behaviorist psychology advocates that the object of psychological research is not consciousness, but explicit behavior should be studied directly, because consciousness is invisible, intangible, and subjective. Use stimulus-response as a tool to explain human behavior, and study human psychology through people's explicit behavior in response to stimuli. The research method advocates the use of objective experimental methods rather than the use of introspective methods.

4. Gestaltism

The Gestalt psychology school is also called Gestalt psychology. The founders are Wertheimer, Koller and Kofka. The school also studies Consciousness, but opposes constructivism's analysis of consciousness into individual elements, and instead advocates studying consciousness as a whole, believing that the whole is not the sum of its parts, and that consciousness is not equal to a collection of sensory and emotional elements. The whole exists prior to and restricts the parts. nature and meaning. Kohler used the "gorilla picking banana experiment" to propose the Gestalt-Epiphany learning theory; Kohler used the "chicken pecking rice experiment" to prove the learning transfer theory of relationship transformation. 5. School of Psychoanalysis

The founder of the school of psychoanalysis is the psychiatrist Freud, and Jung and Adler are also representatives. This doctrine also studies consciousness. They divide human psychology into three parts: unconscious, subconscious and conscious. Consciousness refers to everything that an individual is currently aware of and the psychological activities that can be perceived; subconscious (unconscious) includes human instinctive impulses and human desires that have been suppressed after birth, that is, they are suppressed and cannot be recalled to consciousness through recall. Everything, this is usually a desire that is not tolerated by social norms. The unconscious is the focus of research by the school of psychoanalysis; the subconscious is an intermediate psychological state between consciousness and unconsciousness, which refers to something that is not currently conscious but can be Everything that becomes the content of consciousness through recollection. Human psychology is like an iceberg. Consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg floating on the surface, and most of the iceberg is the "unconscious" hidden in the water.