After the unification of China and the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang ruled the world with civilization, recruited Confucian scholars, ordered the world, and sought talents in Han Xin. In June of the same year, Liu Bang held a celebration banquet in Nangong, Luoyang. At the banquet, he summed up the reasons for his victory: "In strategic planning, I am not as good as Sean; On the supply of food and grass to comfort the people, I am not as good as Xiao He; I'm not as good as Han Xin, who led a million troops and won a decisive battle on the battlefield. However, I can make good use of people and give full play to their talents, which is the real reason for our victory. As for Xiang Yu, he only has Fan Zeng available, but he is suspicious of him. This is the reason for his final failure. " Liu bang's summary is indeed correct. The human factor is always the most important factor that determines the outcome of a war.
Guanzhong of Ding Du
Later, Liu Bang made Chang 'an his capital because he remembered a foot soldier named Lou Jing (surnamed Liu, also known as Liu). Lou Jing came from Shandong to see Liu Bang, saying that Liu Bang's world was different from the previous Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Instead of taking Luoyang as the capital like the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, he should set the capital in Guanzhong, so as to stick to the dangerous place of Qin and the country can maintain long-term stability. Sean agreed with Lou Jing's suggestion. He said that Guanzhong is a "golden city of thousands of miles, a land of abundance", which can retreat and defend, attack and escape. Liu bang agreed, so he quickly moved the capital to Chang 'an.
Local branch
Liu Bang inherited the centralized system and county system of the Qin Dynasty, and abolished the harsh laws and criminal laws of the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang attacked Xianyang and immediately abolished the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty. Xiao He, who made nine laws and regulations, won the hearts of the people.
Legal thought
After Liu Bang pacified the world, with Confucianism as the main idea and Legalism as the supplement, he abolished the practice of "severe punishment" in the Qin Dynasty, the tongzhi law and the three foreign families, and put forward "taking morality as the main punishment". That is to say, education should be given priority, supplemented by punishment, so as to achieve the effect of combining leniency with severity and Song Yan's rule.
Liu Bang ordered Xiao He to consult Qin Law, namely "Nine Chapters of Han Law". This is based on the six "legal classics" formulated by Li Kui during the Warring States Period (theft law, thief law, net law, arrest law, miscellaneous law and equipment law), supplemented by the Household Law (household registration management, marriage system and tax collection), the Punishment Law (mainly providing for corvee and garrison troops) and the Stability Law (mainly providing for cattle and horse husbandry and postal delivery). Liu Bang made good use of Uncle Sun Tong to sort out the outline of the dynasty. Uncle Sun Tong formulated a set of political etiquette system suitable for the situation at that time, and wrote etiquette monographs such as Twelve Articles of Hanyi, Li Handu and Eighteen Articles of Law, which played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the Han Dynasty and left a valuable cultural heritage for later generations.
King of different surnames
Although Liu Bang became emperor, he did not dare to treat his throne lightly. When he hosted a banquet for Ying Bu and other ministers, he once boasted to his father Liu Taigong, saying, "You used to call me a scoundrel, and I didn't have a way to make money. No second brother can manage my family. Now that I am an emperor, do you think my second brother has more wealth or mine? " But while enjoying it, he also took measures to consolidate the imperial power.
The first thing that disturbed him was the kings recruited from all over the country. They all have soldiers, and some are half-hearted. The second problem is that other generals are vying for credit and reward. If they are not appeased properly, they will go to those kings with different surnames to make trouble. And the descendants of the original six countries should not be taken lightly. In the central government, the power of the prime minister also poses a threat to him as an emperor. Liu Bang spent eight years from becoming emperor to his final death, which was basically used to solve these problems that made him uneasy.
He took care of Han Xin first. In 20 1 year BC, that is, in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu, someone reported Han Xin's rebellion. Liu bang asked what to do, and everyone said that he sent his troops to crusade. But Chen Ping objected. He said that Chu has plenty of food and grass, and Han Xin is good at fighting, so it is difficult to win his troops. He suggested that Liu Bang use the dream trip as an excuse to let all the princes go to Chen County (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), and then Han Xin would definitely come and arrest him. Liu Bang acted as planned, and Han Xin was arrested. When Han Xin heard the accusation against him, he shouted loudly: "The ancients said it really well:' A sly rabbit dies and a good dog cooks; High birds are exhausted, good bows are hidden; The world is set, and people like me should have been cooked and killed a long time ago. "Liu Bang took Han Xin to Luoyang, and without conclusive evidence, he let him go, but he was reduced to Huaiyin Hou. This made Han Xin bear a grudge.
In the second year, Han Xin conspired to let Chen rebel in other places, let Liu Bang personally counter the rebellion, and then attacked the Prince and the Prince who stayed in Beijing. But it still came out. Lv Hou took Xiao He's advice, lured Han Xin into the palace and arrested him. Finally, he was beheaded by Chen Liu Bang in the bell room of Changle Palace, leaving an idiom "Success leads to Xiao He's downfall."
In addition to Han Xin, other governors such as Peng Yue and others were also eliminated, leaving only Wu Rui, the king of Changsha.
For other generals, Liu Bang also took great pains. At first, Liu Bang enfeoffed more than twenty officials, including Xiao He. However, because the generals don't trust each other, they won't stop striving for success. On one occasion, in the Nangong of Luoyang, Liu Bang saw people sitting on the sand. He didn't know what they were talking about, so he asked Sean around him what was going on. Sean said they were plotting. Liu Bang asked why, and Sean said he was afraid that he would not appoint their senior officials in the future. Liu asked what to do. Sean asked him who he hated most. Liu said it was Yong Chi because he was too proud to kill him. Hearing this, Sean asked him to be a Yong Chi Hou. In this way, everyone thinks that Yong Chi, who is hated by Liu Bang, can be blocked, so there is no need to worry. So, Liu Bang held a grand celebration banquet, named He Fanghou, and ordered the Prime Minister and the Imperial censor to draw up a certificate of commendation and a list of women heroes on the spot. Sean's plan really worked, and people were at peace.
For the descendants of the six countries, Liu Bang moved them and hundreds of thousands of local noble families to live in Guanzhong and put them under the central control, thus eliminating worries.
Strengthen imperial power
Regarding the excessive power of the prime minister, Liu Bang attacked and weakened the prime minister by putting Xiao He in prison. After Liu Bang put down the rebellion in Qing Bu and returned to Chang 'an, Xiao He proposed to open Shanglin Garden for the people to cultivate, because Shanglin Garden was basically deserted and was not the place where the emperor kept animals for hunting. Liu Bang was annoyed when he heard it, insisting that Xiao He accepted bribes from businessmen, so he spoke for them and made profits for businessmen in in the name of people. Liu Bang put Xiao He in prison. A few days later, a minister asked the Prime Minister what crime he had committed, but Liu Bang defended himself: "In the past, Reese was the Prime Minister of Qin, and all the credit went to the first emperor, and all the bad things were borne by himself. But Prime Minister Xiao He accepted bribes from businessmen and begged me to open a forest garden for them, trying to win people's hearts. Therefore, he should be treated for his sins. " By attacking veteran Xiao He, Liu Bang weakened the relative strength and improved the power of the emperor.
In consolidating and strengthening the imperial power, Liu Bang also tried his best to respect his father Taigong as the emperor's father, and to deal with Lu Bu and Ding Gong. These two things finally achieved his goal.
After a long period of chaos in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, as well as the short-lived rule of the Qin Dynasty, coupled with the war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, people did not have the concept of loyalty to the monarch, and still maintained the idea of "impermanence of scholars and no ministers in the country" formed since the Warring States Period, which was not conducive to the consolidation of imperial power. Liu bang respected his father, the minister of education and the people to observe etiquette, respect his elders and be loyal to the monarch.
Liu Bangbang lives with his father Liu Taigong and visits him every five days. Taigong thinks nothing, and he is used to it. However, Taigong's subordinates felt that it was inappropriate, so they advised him to say, "As the saying goes, heaven has no two masters, and earth has no two masters. Today, the emperor is your son, but he is also the master. Although you are his father, you are also his minister. It is impolite for his master to see your minister. Besides, this will not show the majesty of the emperor. "
When Liu Bang saw his father again, Taigong went out to meet him with a broom in advance, and then went back to the house without a chance to salute Liu Bang. Liu bang was surprised and jumped out of the car to help his father. Taigong quickly said, "The emperor is the master. I can't destroy the etiquette of the country because of myself." Liu Bang wrote a letter, honoring Taigong as the emperor's father, killing two birds with one stone, which not only showed the dignity of the emperor, but also made it logical for him to visit his father. Liu Bang advocated filial piety very much. After he proclaimed himself emperor, he took his father Liu Taigong to live in the palace and made his father the emperor's father. After living in the palace for a long time, the emperor was unhappy all day. Liu bang was very uneasy and asked the squire of the emperor privately. The attendants replied, "When the Yellow Emperor lived in his hometown Fengyi City, he liked playing football, fighting cocks and drinking every day. No one can accompany Tai Huang, so he is unhappy. " So Liu Bang built a new Fengcheng for his father near the palace, and moved some relatives and neighbors in Fengxian to live there. The layout of streets and lanes in Xinfeng City is exactly the same as that in Fengyi City, my hometown. Even the neighbors, old and young, can recognize their respective residences.
The second thing is the handling of Lu Bu and Ding Gong. When Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the world, they were both generals under Xiang Yu. Lu Bu led troops to defeat Liu Bang several times, and Ding Gong led troops to pursue Liu Bang, but he was finally released. When Liu Bang became emperor, he remembered that Lu Bu had defeated himself and arrested him. But when I thought that I needed a loyal minister like him to help me, I stopped holding grudges, not only released him, but also made him a doctor. Ding Gong is Lu Bu's uncle. When he heard this, he felt that even people like Ji Bu who had embarrassed Liu Bang could be released as officials, let alone people who had been very kind to Liu Bang. I didn't expect to be caught by Liu Bang. Liu Bang said to the crowd, "Ding Gong was unfaithful when he was a general of Ji Xiang. It is this kind of person who made Wang Xiang lose the world. " Liu bang ordered the death of Ding Gong, and publicly displayed it in the army, warning everyone to be loyal and not to imitate Ding Gong.