19 The failure of the Opium War in the 1940s cruelly dealt a blow to the arrogance of Chinese people who were still intoxicated with the dream of becoming a great country in China. At that time, a large number of enlightened feudal literati and officials gradually realized the corruption of the Qing government's ruling system and the necessity of reform. Among them, Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan are famous. They clearly realized the advantages of western advanced technology to China, advocated learning from the west, and formed "pragmatism". For example, there is a famous saying in Wei Yuan's "Atlas of the Sea", which is typical. And the reform thought evolved from these practical thoughts.

19 The 1960s and 1990s were the so-called "Westernization Movement" in China's modern history. Did you play with Prince Gong after the Second Opium War? The new bureaucrats represented by Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo further realized the backwardness and advanced technology of western powers and launched the Westernization Movement, but their main purpose was to try to save the feudal traditional rule, mainly to learn western industrial and commercial technology, and did not want to make any reform in the political system. Although the Westernization thought was different from the Reform thought, the Westernization movement made a group of intellectuals see all aspects of western society further and was the catalyst for the formation of the early Reform thought.