The so-called swift horse, as its name implies, is a person with special talents. Bole is a person who can ride a swift horse, which is what we often call a "bosom friend". ?
Throughout ancient and modern times, how many "Maxima" and "Bole" passed by, and how many "Maxima" and Bole were lucky enough to meet and know each other. Farther away, like Liu Bei, guarding the cottage and condescending to lower your price, just to win over such a rare talent as Zhuge Liang; Before Wu Zetian became emperor, she disguised herself and persuaded the stubborn detective Di Renjie with her golden words. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, did not kill Wei Zhi because he was the aide of the former prince, but entrusted him with an important task with the attitude of loving talents. Later, Emperor Qianlong didn't look down on Ji Yun because he was a civilian, but he was also meritocratic, entrusted him with the task of managing Sikuquanshu and ordered him to edit it. . . ?
Throughout the ages, there are countless examples of kings who know how to cherish talents. Isn't this the best embodiment that Maxima and Bole complement each other and know each other and cherish each other? ?
A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Indeed, there are many talents in this society, so-called talents are everywhere. However, there are very few people who can really break through many obstacles and know how to look for these "swift horses" with wise eyes! ? In fact, in everyone's life, we have passed thousands of "swift horses" in Qian Qian. However, if we don't cherish it, we can only regret if we miss it, and the rest is just memories. ?
A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. In that case, why hesitate? Let our eyes be brighter and look for our swift horse!
Ma Shuo by the Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu.
Where there is Bole, there is a swift horse. A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. Therefore, although there are famous horses, only (zhǐ) was humiliated by slaves, and (pián) died in troughs (cáo) and (li), which is not called a thousand miles.
A Ma Qianli, a stone to eat (shí) or do (Si) (ancient Dan, now shí). Horse eaters don't know that they can eat thousands of miles. This is a horse. Although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, it is beautiful only because it has little food and is weak, and it can't compete with a regular horse at all. Why not ask it to travel thousands of miles?
If you don't follow its path, you can't make full use of your food, but you can't understand its meaning. If you stick to your strategy, you will face it and say, "There are no horses!" " Oh! Is there really no horse evil? I really don't know anything about horses.
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Han Yu was a master of prose in Tang Dynasty and a poet who had a great influence on writers in Song Dynasty. People talk a lot about his "poetry as poetry" (writing poetry in prose), but seldom pay attention to his more prominent feature "poetry as text" The so-called "writing with poetry" refers to writing prose with poetic and lasting appeal characteristics, that is to say, poetizing prose (but this does not mean the new style of "prose poetry" introduced from the west). We say that prose is poetic, or that prose is poetic, and it is not limited to writing natural scenery, lyric sketches, typical characterization of characters and artistic description of events; On the contrary, you can also use the mood and charm of poetry to write reasoning or comments. One of the characteristics of Han Yu's prose is here.
It is said that Bole was a native of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is good at watching horses and distinguishing what a swift horse is. This was originally a character in a story told by a man named Han Ming to Chun Huang Xie in The Warring States Policy and Chu Ce. This story may be an ancient legend, or it may be a fable made up by Han Ming with art. The allusions of Bole have been quoted by Han Yu many times (see his Preface to the Letter of Recommendation, Sending the Text to the River and Yang), which shows that Han Yu has great feelings for Bole's story of identifying a swift horse due to the ups and downs of his own fate. But to be fair, his Ma Shuo is the best one, and readers like to read it because it is written like a poem.
One of the main characteristics of poetry is to resort to thinking in images, and its creative techniques are often based on metaphor. Of course, a good poem is always more subtle and tortuous than prose, with endless aftertaste. From the perspective of common sense, a reasoning essay is basically based on logical thinking. Ma Shuo by Han Yu is definitely a reasoned essay, but it is like a fable, but it is not a fable. Using metaphor to reason can not directly expose the arguments held, let alone impose personal views on readers. The whole article almost describes the experience of a swift horse through image thinking, presenting only living facts but omitting the pen and ink to tell the truth, which can be said to be the writing of poetry. More skillfully, the author uses the indispensable function words (auxiliary words, exclamations and conjunctions) in ancient Chinese, which embodies the interest and artistic conception of lyric poetry. Although we read it as an essay, it is like a lyric poem that is fully developed. This technique of "writing with poetry" began with Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty (no one ever admitted that Sima Qian was a poet) and was further developed by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan. Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi (especially Ouyang Xiu) reached a new height in the Song Dynasty. This is a new topic that we should pay attention to when we study the history of China literature and classical prose.
The first sentence of the article is the major premise: "There is Bole and then there is a swift horse." But this proposition itself is illogical. Because of his sense of determination, Bole's knowledge and experience in treating horses well must be obtained from a large number of swift horses in society (or nature) and then gradually summarized. So in the past, some people thought that Han Yu's sentence was putting the cart before the horse and idealism. We don't deny that according to the principle of materialism, his judgment is wrong. But taking it as the language of poetry, it is a thought-provoking epigram and a famous saying full of emotion. Because there are too few people in the world who have the knowledge and skills of Bole. So the author immediately points out the main idea from the front below, and there is no room to pour out the infinite grievances of Maxima. It is precisely because "Bole is rare" that many swift horses not only can't find an average herdsman, but are "only humiliated by slaves" and suffer from the bitterness of ignorant villains. What is even more distressing is that these BMWs actually died in pairs. The unfortunate and painful ending they suffered is indescribable. Of course, the result is even less satisfactory. No one calls these valuable gods swift horses, and their deaths are naturally meaningless. The phrase "not a thousand miles" means that no one sympathizes with them, let alone expresses regret, regret and regret for their death. From the surface of the article, the author has done quite thoroughly; In fact, I don't know how much bitterness and pain there are, but it seems unrestrained, but its connotation is very rich. In fact, it is implicit (saying that his writing is graceful and restrained may be unacceptable to readers, but the author really didn't finish it). This is really a lyric poem.