People's Daily Online, Beijing, September 17 (Reporter Mary) The 20 14 lecture on the construction of scientific ethics and study style in capital universities was held in Beijing yesterday. Academician Wu, 93, from Tsinghua University, gave a keynote speech entitled "Aim high and practice".

The report was jointly issued by China Association for Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Social Sciences, China Academy of Engineering and Beijing Municipal People's Government. This is the fourth consecutive year that the event has been held here.

The full text is as follows:

China has profound traditional scientific virtues. During the Warring States Period, Qi established the "Jixia Xuegong" in Linzi, which was an institution of higher learning and a cultural center at that time, managing official etiquette, discussing state affairs and writing books. It has already included the academic fashion of academic contention and letting a hundred flowers blossom. In fact, China has always advocated the scientific style of work in its history. At present, the school mottos formulated by various schools are all famous sayings in this respect. Of course, in academic research, including at home and abroad, it is not uncommon to expose examples of corruption, which shows that it is not easy to truly understand and strictly self-discipline.

More than 90% of the people present here today are newly enrolled graduate students. This is a new stage in your life, and I sincerely hope that you can have a new realm in your mind. I'm not going to talk about any truth here today, because many articles about scientific ethics and the construction of study style in Learning Materials have already made some sense. Comrade Han Qide made another very important speech just now. As an architect, I have been teaching in Tsinghua University since 1946, and it has been 68 years now. I just want to discuss with my classmates some experiences gained through my own personal experience.

First, ideals and ambitions. One can't live without ideals. Determination is the driving force for continuous progress in life. Think about what I really want to do in my life. what do you want to do? What are your ambitions and interests? What major do you want to pursue? This is an inevitable consideration for middle schools to enter universities, and further consideration is needed for entering graduate schools from universities. Aspiring is often not achieved overnight, but with the experience of growing up, what you see, hear and think, and experience and improve step by step. Of course, there will inevitably be some contingency. The reason why I choose architecture as my lifelong pursuit is closely related to my growing experience as a teenager. I was born in Nanjing, 1922. At that time, there were internal troubles and foreign invasion, and the land of China was constantly at war. 1937 after the fall of Nanjing, I went into exile with my brother in Chongqing and continued my middle school studies in Hechuan, Sichuan. I remember that Hechuan City was attacked by Japanese air on the afternoon of July 27th, 1940, and the fire burned until the rain stopped the next morning. That night, Hechuan City was ablaze with fire, and dogs were crying. My beloved former Suzhou middle school Chinese teacher Dai and his son were also killed. The pain of the war inspired my desire to rebuild my home. Finally, I entered the Department of Architecture of Chongqing Central University, majoring in architecture, which was a start. With my own growth and understanding of national and social development, I gradually deepen my understanding of the development needs of the construction industry and improve my study and research on the construction industry.

Second, choose. I don't know how many crossroads a person has to walk in his life. Once he makes a mistake, it is difficult to return to his past wishes, so the choice of road is very important. There are too many opportunities, changes and even infinite contingency in life. National development, economic and social changes, and even minor family problems will lead to a turning point and even change a person's fate. Looking back on my own experience, there are several important crossroads: 1948, I was recommended by Mr. Liang Sicheng to study at the Kuangxi Art Institute in the United States. After I finished my studies at 1950, in response to the call of "New China is in full swing" mentioned in Mr. Liang's letter, I resolutely returned to China from Hong Kong, which is still occupied by Britain, and joined the new China under the hostage of the military and police. 1983, I was 60 years old and retired from the administrative post of Tsinghua University Architecture Department. At that time, President Zhang Wei invited me to set up an architecture department in Shenzhen University. I declined his kindness and insisted on setting up Tsinghua University Institute of Architecture and City with a teaching assistant under the condition of half a room, a desk and two stools. It has been 30 years now. Over the past 30 years, I have carried out a series of projects with comrades in the Institute. In a similar situation, I don't know how much a person will experience in his life. Looking back, the reason why I didn't "make a mistake" in the self-examination was largely related to my early "determination". I decided to do something in the academic field of architecture and city long ago, and made corresponding choices in different periods according to the actual situation.

Third, insist. The road of life can't be smooth sailing. Do you persist or retreat when you encounter difficulties? As far as my personal experience is concerned, I have to face difficulties and setbacks almost everywhere, whether as a teenager or as an old man. Young people are easily discouraged by setbacks. Here, I hope everyone can use a sentence from Mr. Zong Baihua to encourage everyone to "not be discouraged by difficulties and not be complacent by honor". This is a famous saying in his "Xu Beihong and China's Painting". You should be firm, choose, not afraid of difficulties, and stick to your choice.

Fourth, role models. Mentors and mentors will play an important role in a person's growth. I have benefited from the guidance of a good teacher at all stages of my study, which is a great blessing in life. After 65438-0940 entered the Department of Architecture of Central University, he studied under Mr. Bao Ding, Yang Tingbao, Liu Dunzhen and Xu Zhong, pioneers in the field of architecture in China. He returned to Chongqing from the anti-Japanese battlefield in Yunnan on 1946. Thanks to Mr. Liang Sicheng's appreciation, he was invited to co-establish the Department of Architecture, during which Mr. Liang Sicheng and Mr. Lin set an example. From 65438 to 0948, Teacher Liang recommended me to study in the United States. I learned architecture and urban design from the world famous architect Ariel Sha Lining, and gained a lot. Besides your "mentor", there are many "good friends" as role models. Mathematician Feng Kang is famous for creating the finite element method independently of the western system. In the early 1940s, he studied with me at Chongqing Central University and returned to Tsinghua University to teach at 1946. He was originally from the Department of Electrical Engineering, and later transferred to the Department of Physics. He found that he was interested in mathematics and transferred to the Department of Mathematics. I can't talk about math, but I can talk about getting to know him from other aspects of life. Once upon a time, Feng Kang loved music, borrowed books about classical music from the library and read them one by one. This shows that he has a profound and extensive scientific spirit even in his hobbies, and his knowledge in all aspects is getting more and more profound. He eventually became one of the founders of the "finite element" method and won international attention. Wu Zhengyi, a botanist, was the winner of the highest national science and technology award in 2007. He and I met in Tsinghua campus in the 1940s, when we lived in the I-shaped hall opposite the courtyard window. At that time, he was openly a member of NLD. On 1946, Tsinghua University commemorated the first anniversary of Wen Yiduo's murder, and he lashed out at the current situation. Later, I took part in the work of the "education meeting" and had more contact with him, so I initially determined the current situation. Wu Zhengyi was actually the leader of the student movement in Tsinghua at that time. Later, he came to the liberated areas, accepted Tsinghua University on behalf of the Party organization on the eve of liberation, and participated in the preparation of the China Academy of Sciences. If he continues these tasks, he will become an excellent leader. However, he chose to return to Kunming to continue his botanical research and edited authoritative works such as Flora of China. He participated in the revolutionary movement all his life and finally returned to his academic ambition, with great achievements. They gave me spiritual infection in studying, being a man and doing things, which I admire so far. There are many "good friends" in architecture and planning, so I won't mention them here.

The above mainly talked about the importance of a mentor. As for the relationship between teachers and students, I have been teaching for many years and have some personal experience. There is a saying in Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory": "A teacher is a teacher, so he teaches and dispels doubts." This is the most basic duty of a teacher. At the same time, he also has two sentences that may not attract much attention, that is, students can surpass teachers, "disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples." These two sentences are very important to both teachers and students. When students first enter school, teachers can play a greater role in inspiring, guiding and leading. After a few years, students' learning ability will continue to develop, not only the relationship between teachers and students, but also their comrades-in-arms and classmates in their academic career. Take my own experience as an example, one thing is worth mentioning. The 20th World Architects Congress of the International Association of Architects was held in Beijing on 1999. I was appointed as the chairman of the scientific Committee of the conference, responsible for drafting the conference documents. The task fell on me in a hurry. Time was tight and there were other tasks. Only a geography doctoral student can help me. At that time, the work situation was: I gave him the manuscript I wrote at night every morning, and he arranged it during the day and gave it to me at night. I continued to press the manuscript in the evening, so repeatedly, and finally formed the "Beijing Declaration". This document was unanimously adopted by the Advisory Committee, and was considered to be beyond the Declaration, so it was named "Beijing Charter", which was adopted by the International Federation of Construction since the establishment of 1948. It shows that teachers and students work together on major issues, learn from each other, become close friends on the common front, and promote academic development. This doctoral student who helped me has now become Professor Tsinghua University and the deputy director of the Institute of Architecture and Urban Studies.

Fifth, epiphany. Looking back on decades of academic life, I deeply realize that the innovation of scientific theory cannot be achieved overnight, but we should always be sensitive to new things, constantly pay attention to practical problems and academic development, accumulate knowledge, conduct comparative research, learn from inspiration, and gradually "ferment" and gain epiphany. I have the following epiphany on the academic road to communicate with my classmates.

Epiphany 1: Architecture should go to science. 1940s, when I was studying in the war, I walked into the door of architecture for the first time, and my academic thoughts were enlightened. From 65438 to 0948, he studied in the United States and was exposed to advanced western academic ideas. From 65438 to 0950, he returned to China, devoted himself to the urban and rural construction of New China, and participated in the planning and design of Chang 'an Avenue, the expansion of Tiananmen Square, the planning and design of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and other major projects. During this period, due to the changes in system, politics and economy, there have been many puzzles. After the Cultural Revolution, I once again devoted myself to the work in the field of architecture with passion, hoping to break through the fog of confusion and find the direction of architecture. 198 1 year, I attended the first national academician conference after the cultural revolution, and realized that on the one hand, the academic responsibility of double shoulders is aggravated, on the other hand, the architecture specialty is bound to develop scientifically, otherwise it will be difficult to adapt to the requirements of the situation.

Epiphany 2: Starting from "generalized architecture", from the architectural world to the world. Through the study of interdisciplinary theoretical knowledge and the investigation of ancient human settlement sites, I realize that architecture should not only refer to houses, but also touch on its essence, that is, living in settlements, indicating that architecture should expand from simple houses to people and society, and from buildings made of pure materials to social composition. Therefore, "generalized architecture" is put forward. This book has been translated into Italian and English this year.

Epiphany 3: Pursuing "human settlement environmental science", with orderly space and livable environment. After Generalized Architecture, I am still exploring from all aspects, hoping to gain new insights. Based on the exploration of the expansion of traditional architecture with the times and the study of various foreign urban planning theories, I gradually understand that we should not be confined to one discipline, but should discuss and study from the perspective of the whole discipline group, and we need to pursue a new discipline system that is not limited to the past. 1948+0993 was first proposed. The science of human settlement environment always takes people as the core, and people should live and work in peace and contentment in space. All levels of space planning and design serve people's lives, aiming at creating a beautiful environment suitable for social life and production, that is, a livable environment.

Epiphany 4: Human settlements science involves many academic fields, and it is necessary to integrate science, humanities and art. The global economic crisis, social unrest, climate change and other issues are constantly emerging, which has promoted human settlements science to become a big science and a very promising science. It will move towards great science, great humanities and great art. Science-research and application of green building, energy saving and emission reduction technologies; The integration of humanities and social sciences, care for the lower classes of society, etc. Art-Aesthetic and artistic creation centered on human life. At the beginning of September this year, I held an exhibition called "The Artistic Realm of Human Settlements" in China Art Museum, and exhibited my calligraphy, architecture, painting, sketch and other works. I further realize that the aesthetic and artistic creation of the living environment we used to live in is centered on human life, which contains rich, substantial and far-reaching artistic realm, from natural environment to humanistic environment, from individual life to social operation. This has gone beyond the parallel study of architecture and art that I have been pursuing since the 1940s. Based on life, a variety of art categories blend and refract with each other, focusing on the living environment, and all have a unique experience of a certain category, which can be created and expanded accordingly in the construction of human settlements. This can be said to be a new field of scientific research on human settlements, and there is still a broad space for us to explore and explore.

Due to the complexity of architectural design, as an architect, what I said above is based on my understanding of academic life experience, and it is difficult to explain the theme of today's meeting clearly in my own professional field. The students here all come from different disciplines, but they should be concerned about the changes of academic ideas in many aspects, complement each other in many disciplines, expand their knowledge and understand the development and needs of the times. For example, Feng Kang, the mathematician I mentioned above, dabbled in and integrated many aspects of research, while Wu Zhengyi, a botanist, cared about national politics and focused on academic research. They are all role models for young people to learn.

For young scholars, I think it seems not difficult to rationally understand scientific ethics and scientific morality. The key lies in practice. At present, all aspects of public opinion are promoting the construction of scientific ethics and style of study, and there are many related books and articles. Sadly, however, academic misconduct and academic corruption still occur from time to time. These people may not understand scientific ethics, but they have not really implemented it in their own hearts and actions. Therefore, what I want to emphasize is that you must aim high and practice, and turn the classic philosophy into your own guide to action and universal code of conduct. Only in this way can you slowly internalize into your spiritual wealth, and you will deepen your experience in the gradual epiphany, strengthen your faith and keep moving forward.

Now, although I am over 90 years old, I still stick to my post as a teacher, and I still ask myself to face the future with a positive mental outlook. With the growth of age, there are bound to be some things that cannot be done because of physical weakness, but I still feel that I am facing a big era, and there will be infinite vitality and passion in the future. I will urge myself to explore a vast new academic world and try my best to build a beautiful home and beautiful China. Willing to encourage with the vast number of young scholars! Let's fight for the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!