What are the several nuclear leaks in history
Three Mile Island nuclear leak in the United States
In the early morning of March 28, 1978, the Three Mile Island pressurized water reactor in the United States A failure in the refrigeration system of Unit 2 of the nuclear power plant caused a partial meltdown of the nuclear reactor, ultimately causing the most serious nuclear leak in U.S. history.
This accident was caused by the failure of the water pump in the secondary circuit, and the accident cooling system of the secondary circuit was automatically put into operation. However, the valve of the accident cooling system was not opened by the workers after maintenance a few days ago, causing the system to fail. After automatic input, the water in the secondary circuit is still cut off. When the temperature and pressure inside the reactor rise under this condition, the reactor will automatically shut down, and the pressure relief valve will automatically open to release part of the steam-water mixture in the core. At the same time, when the pressure in the reactor dropped to normal, the pressure relief valve failed to automatically return to its seat due to a malfunction, causing the core coolant to continue to flow out and the pressure to fall below the normal value. Therefore, the emergency core cooling system was automatically put into operation, but the operator did not It was found that the pressure relief valve did not return to its seat, but instead shut down the emergency core cooling system and stopped injecting water into the core.
This series of management and operational errors were intertwined with equipment failures, causing a small failure to rapidly expand and lead to a serious accident such as core meltdown.
Chernobyl Nuclear Leak
On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant of the former Soviet Union, Ukraine A serious leak and explosion occurred in the power plant.
At the time of the accident, a drill was being conducted to test whether the reactor could be shut down using the electricity generated by the kinetic energy of the generator turbine rotation in the event of a complete shutdown. Operators turned off many of the reactor's safety systems during the tests, which is prohibited by technical guidelines unless a safety system malfunctions.
An important factor that contributed to the accident was the fact that staff had not received reports of reactor problems. The designers knew that the reactor would be dangerous under certain circumstances but deliberately concealed it. In addition, the chief engineer of this exercise is engaged in electrical engineering and has limited knowledge about reactors. He did not detect and deal with abnormal situations in time when they occurred.
The roughness of the exercise regulations and the engineers' lack of knowledge about the reactor led to the tragedy of the Chernobyl nuclear leak.
Nuclear leakage accident in Japan
From March 11, 2011 to the present, a nuclear leakage accident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan.
Japan's nuclear leakage accident had an objective cause, which was caused by the "combination punch" of a major earthquake and tsunami. After the massive earthquake at the Japanese nuclear power plant, first the external power grid was cut off, then the engine unit failed, valves failed, etc.
However, Japan's nuclear leakage accident reached an uncontrollable level, but it has an important relationship with human factors. Due to the relatively large amount of radiation above the nuclear power plant, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces gave up the operation of using helicopters to inject water and cool the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in the air. Wang Yi proudly said that the possibility of Japan's nuclear leakage in our country is almost zero because we have the PLA (People's Liberation Army of China).
From this we can see that, in the absence of man-made accidents, nuclear power is safe and more efficient and cleaner than coal-fired power stations, but humans are not safe! Several nuclear leaks have occurred in the world's history
Several nuclear accidents have occurred in the world Nuclear energy is one of the least polluting energy sources. However, when an accident occurs at a nuclear facility, a large amount of radioactive material will leak into the environment, causing pollution to the air, rivers, oceans, groundwater, soil, etc., thereby harming animals, plants, and people. This is called nuclear pollution or radioactive material pollution. Nuclear accidents or radioactive contamination have occurred several times in the world. The brief introduction is as follows:
1. In 1957, a Western nuclear accident occurred at the Windscale (now known as Sellafield) nuclear complex in the United Kingdom. The worst accident in industrial history. The fire destroyed the core of one of two plutonium-producing reactors, sending a cloud of radioactive dust into the atmosphere. Years later, the leaked radiation caused dozens of human cancer deaths.
2. From 1957 to 1958, a serious accident occurred in the former Soviet Union near the city of Kshtym in the Ural Mountains. According to Joles Medvedev, a former Soviet geneticist who first reported the disaster, he estimated that several hundred people fell sick and died from nuclear radiation after an explosion.
3. In 1979, the worst nuclear accident in U.S. history occurred at the Three Mile Island Power Plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Part of one of the reactors melted, forcing residents to evacuate after radioactive gases leaked into the atmosphere. The location of the power plant.
4. On April 26, 1986, the former Soviet Union’s Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant located on the outskirts of Kiev exploded and caught fire, leaking a large amount of radioactive material. 31 people died and were seriously injured by the radioactive material. 237 people were injured, 130,000 residents were forced to evacuate, and some European countries were contaminated.
5. On September 28, 1987, the lead storage tank of the radioactive isotope cesium-137 that was lost at the Bavarian Institute of Disease Research in Germany was sold as scrap to a scrap collection station because workers at the collection station removed the lead. The canister was smashed open, causing radioactive material to leak out, killing three people, causing more than 20 people to suffer from radiation sickness, and more than 200 people to be injured. Nuclear leaks in history
Nuclear leaks in the former Soviet Union
On April 26, 1986, the world's most serious nuclear accident occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union . The catastrophic fire at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 130 kilometers north of Kiev, Ukraine, caused a leak of radioactive material that contaminated much of Europe. The international community has widely criticized the Soviet Union's blockade of news about the nuclear accident and its slow emergency response. The accident came to light after high levels of radioactive material were found in Sweden.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was the largest nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union, with 4 units. In April, during a scheduled shutdown inspection of Unit 4, power station personnel violated operating procedures multiple times, resulting in an increase in reactor energy. In the early morning of the 26th, the reactor melted and burned, causing an explosion, breaking through the protective shell, catching fire in the factory, and leaking radioactive materials. Water and chemicals used to extinguish the fire evaporate instantly and the firefighters' boots become trapped in the molten asphalt. Units 1, 2, and 3 suspended operations, and the 30 kilometers surrounding the power station were declared a danger zone, and residents were evacuated. When the accident occurred, 2 people died on the spot and 204 people were injured by radiation. On May 8, the reactor stopped burning, but the temperature still reached 300°C; the local radiation intensity was as high as 15 milliroentgens per hour, and in Kiev it was 0.2 milliroentgens, while the normal allowed value was 0.01 milliroentgens. Radioactive dust was detected in Sweden, exceeding 100 times the normal level. Western countries rushed to evacuate their expats and tourists from the Kiev region and refused to accept imported food from Belarus and Ukraine. The former Soviet Union official announced four months later that 31 people died in the bombing, mainly rescue workers, including a major general; 203 people suffered from radiation sickness; 135,000 people were evacuated from the danger zone. In 1992, Ukrainian officials announced that more than 7,000 people had died due to nuclear pollution from the accident.
On May 9, at the invitation of the Soviet Union, Director General Blix of the International Atomic Energy Agency took a helicopter to inspect the situation at the nuclear power plant from an altitude of 800 meters. He believed that this was the most serious disaster in the world so far. a nuclear accident.
In the two years after the disaster, 260,000 people participated in the accident management, pouring layers of concrete for the No. 4 nuclear reactor and burying it as a "coffin". 21 million square meters of "dirty soil" were cleaned, a new Slavutech New Town was built for nuclear power plant workers, and 21,000 additional residences were built for evacuated residents. All this, including the loss of reduced power generation, totals 8 billion rubles (about 12 billion U.S. dollars). Ukraine’s *** has taken the decision to permanently close the power station.
The Republic of Belarus lost 20% of its agricultural land, the land where 2.2 million people live was polluted, and hundreds of villages and towns were left empty. Ukraine's abandoned no-go zone has become a paradise for thieves and wild horses, stealing all precious items and spreading pollution beyond the zone. Pine and spruce trees within 7 kilometers of the nuclear power plant withered, and 1,000 hectares of forest gradually died. The "safe zone" 30 kilometers away is not safe either, with a sharp increase in cancer patients, children with thyroid disease, and deformed domestic animals; even in collective farms 80 kilometers away, 20% of piglets were born with abnormal eyes. The above-mentioned strange diseases are called "Chernobyl Syndrome".
Land and water sources were severely polluted, and thousands of people were forced to leave their homes. Chernobyl became a desolate and barren land. Ten years later, radioactivity continues to threaten the lives and health of approximately 8 million people in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia.
Experts say the consequences of Chernobyl will last a hundred years.
Horrible leak, fortunately I was not born yet, but the harm of this accident will last for a hundred years... So, gasket, here is another reminder: safe production, life is important. Ask for the ten most serious nuclear radiation leaks in history and their details
On March 11, 2011, a strong earthquake occurred in Japan and triggered a tsunami. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was also affected by the earthquake. damage and cause a nuclear accident.
The International Nuclear Safety and Radiation Event Scale (hereinafter referred to as INES) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is divided into 7 levels. The following are the ten most serious nuclear accidents in history, listed according to the INES scale, in ascending order of severity. The Fukushima nuclear accident that just occurred is also among them.
1. The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the former Soviet Union (INES 7). So far, the steam explosion and reactor meltdown accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is still the only INES level in history. A level 7 nuclear accident. Chernobyl has become synonymous with nuclear accidents. Anti-atomic energy activists often use words like "another Chernobyl" to warn the world that Chernobyl has become synonymous with nuclear accidents. Atomic bombers often use words like "another Chernobyl" to warn the world that more than 335,000 people were forced to evacuate evacuation zones.
The direct death toll from this nuclear accident was 53, and thousands of others suffered from various chronic diseases due to exposure to radiation. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster that occurred in the Soviet Union in 1986 was more serious than the Kirshtym nuclear accident. If the degree of nuclear radiation spread is used as a measurement standard, the severity of this nuclear disaster was four times that of the Kirshtym nuclear disaster. .
To date, the steam explosion and reactor meltdown accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is still the only nuclear accident in history with an INES level of 7. The nuclear disaster occurred on April 26, 1986, when technicians at Reactor No. 4 were conducting turbine generator tests, which relied on turbines to meet the power demand of the nuclear power plant during the shutdown process.
Due to a series of unexpected and sudden power fluctuations caused by human error, the containment vessel ruptured and sparked a fire, releasing radioactive fission products and fallout into the atmosphere. At that time, the radiation cloud covered most of eastern, western and northern Europe, and more than 335,000 people were forced to evacuate evacuation areas.
The direct death toll from this nuclear accident was 53, and thousands of others suffered from various chronic diseases due to exposure to radiation. Today, the area around Chernobyl presents a strange "contrast."
The two abandoned cities of Chernobyl and Pripyat are slowly declining, but the wildlife in the surrounding woodlands and forest areas are thriving due to the withdrawal of humans. There are reports that lynxes and bears that have disappeared for centuries have even reappeared in the area. Their appearance illustrates the amazing resilience of nature and the ability of life to adapt and adjust even in the most dire circumstances.
Chernobyl has become synonymous with nuclear accidents. Anti-atomic energy activists often use words like "another Chernobyl" to warn the world, just as anti-war people often The slogan was "Another Vietnam War". The area where the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located is called the "evacuation zone", and it is difficult for the Ukrainian government to prevent people who call themselves "stalkers" from entering this area to take risks and have fun.
For those guys who don’t know what danger is, we have a message for them - some invisible things will make you "very hurt". The Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the former Soviet Union was the only nuclear accident in history with an INES level of 7, but no one can guarantee that another nuclear disaster with an INES level of 7 or even more severe will not occur.
Natural disasters, human error and aging equipment are unavoidable realities of the nuclear industry. There are nearly 500 nuclear power plants in operation or under construction around the world. The question we are currently facing is not whether another nuclear accident will occur in the future, but "when" it will occur.
2. The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in Japan (INES 4+) The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is located 170 miles (approximately 270 kilometers) northeast of Tokyo and is one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world.* **Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant with 6 nuclear reactors is located 170 miles (approximately 270 kilometers) northeast of Tokyo. It is one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world. **Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant with 6 nuclear reactors is located in Tokyo. 170 miles (approximately 270 kilometers) to the northeast is one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world. It has six nuclear reactors and is responsible for supplying power to Tokyo and the Japanese power grid. On March 11, a magnitude 9 earthquake hit Japan, and Sendai was not spared the loss of life.
Power outages caused by the earthquake caused the reactor coolant pumps to stop working. Backup diesel generators stored in low-lying areas were also severely damaged by the tsunami triggered by the earthquake.
Because the generator in the building where the No. 1 reactor is located cannot be started, the temperature of the reactor core continues to rise, and hydrogen gas in the containment building continues to accumulate, reaching dangerous levels. Sparks from the generator could cause the hydrogen to explode, blowing off the roof of the containment vessel.
The next day, a more powerful explosion occurred in the hydrogen gas in the building where Reactor No. 3 was located. On the 14th, the building housing the No. 2 reactor also exploded.
As the water in the storage pool evaporates, the fuel stored in the building where the No. 4 reactor is located may catch fire. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident is still "ongoing" and the INES level is rated as level 4, but the French nuclear safety agency believes that the actual severity exceeds level 4.
Andre-Claude Lacoste, chairman of the Nuclear Safety Agency, pointed out at a press conference held on the 14th: "Level 4 is already very serious, but we believe that the severity of this nuclear accident is At least level 5, or even level 6.” 3. Although the 2004 Mihama Nuclear Power Plant accident in Japan (INES 1) did not cause a nuclear leak, the steam explosion killed 5 workers and injured dozens of others.
Although it did not cause a nuclear leak, the steam explosion killed five workers and injured dozens of others. The International Atomic Energy Agency introduced the INES scale in 1990, using logarithms for grading. The severity of each level differs by nearly 10 times, similar to the Richter scale used to determine the magnitude of earthquakes.
The webecoist website's ranking of the world's most serious nuclear accidents begins with the steam explosion accident that occurred at the Mihama Nuclear Power Plant in Japan on August 9, 2004, with an INES level of 1. The Mihama Nuclear Power Plant is located in Fukui Prefecture, about 320 kilometers west of Tokyo. It was put into operation in 1976. There were several minor nuclear-related accidents from 1991 to 2003.
On August 9, 2004, a water pipe connected to the No. 3 reactor in the building where the turbine is located suddenly burst when workers were preparing to conduct a routine safety inspection. Although not. The most serious nuclear leak in the history of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant in the United States. Please tell us what happened at Three Mile Island in the United States
At 4 o'clock in the morning on March 28, 1979, the operating room of the second reactor of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant in Pennsylvania, United States. Inside, the red light flashed, the whistle sounded, the turbines stopped, and the core pressure and temperature suddenly increased. Two hours later, a large amount of radioactive material spilled out.
Six days later, the core temperature began to drop and the vapor bubbles disappeared—the threat of a hydrogen explosion was eliminated. Although 100 tons of uranium fuel did not melt, 60% of the uranium rods were damaged, and the reactor eventually collapsed.
After the accident, the United States was shocked and residents near the nuclear power plant were panicked. About 200,000 people evacuated the area. People in major cities in the United States and residents in areas where nuclear power plants are being built have held protests demanding that nuclear power plants be stopped or closed.
The United States and some countries in Western Europe have to re-examine their plans to develop nuclear power.