Qufu is a land of saints, with profound cultural accumulation. After coming here, influenced by the environment, I read some books related to Chinese studies, combined with my own understanding and life experience, as well as some observations and feelings, and wanted to communicate and report with you. Please correct me if there is anything wrong.
Chinese studies in our general sense actually refer to the theories or thoughts of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Among these three schools, Confucianism has the most far-reaching influence and the highest status, and it has the influence of "one hundred to hundreds", so sometimes we say Chinese studies, especially Confucianism. Today, I will briefly report to you my personal understanding of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.
Let's start with Buddhism. There are many original Buddhist classics, and the number is huge. The Diamond Sutra is the most famous and can best reflect the core values of Buddhism. Later, Buddhism developed into Zen Buddhism, paying attention to "getting the Tao, communicating with the heart, and not writing words", and the writings gradually decreased. Buddhism advocates that "all laws are empty", which is the monk often mentioned in TV dramas. Here is a story: Hongren, the fifth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, asked each student to write a poem when choosing an heir, and then chose the best (similar to today's) among his many disciples, the most famous one being Shen Xiu. How high is it? Because of his existence, other disciples voluntarily withdrew from the competition and abstained. Because we have been together for a long time, everyone admires him and feels that both cultivation and realm are too far away from him, so we didn't write. In fact, Shen Xiu is also under great pressure. Everyone has high hopes for him. What if I fail the exam? So he took an implicit approach. Instead of presenting his writing directly to the teacher on paper, he wrote a poem on the wall of the temple at night. As we all know, "Being a bodhi tree is like a mirror, so you should always wipe it frequently to keep it from dust." There is no signature after writing, but everyone knows that he wrote it. Shen Xiu's original intention was good, comparing the body to the sacred objects of Buddhism? The bodhi tree is also a symbol of wisdom, because it is under the bodhi tree that Buddha Sakyamuni meditated and realized Tao, and achieved great enlightenment. Compare your heart to a mirror platform, always reflect on yourself, and don't let selfish distractions pollute yourself. As a result, Master Hong Ren was not satisfied. At that time, there was a monk who had just arrived from Guangdong in the temple, but he had not been formally hired. Because he had not been officially shaved, he was temporarily arranged to do odd jobs in the kitchen. After reading it, he shook his head again and again and said, how can you read such a poem full of mistakes? According to the Buddhist scriptures, it is "incompatible with things" (this "holding" means "holding"). The trees, platforms and dust in this poem are all things, so he asked someone to write a ghost (I can't write, I can only ask someone to write a ghost) and wrote a poem on the wall. This is a famous poem: "Bodhi has no trees, and the mirror is there." This poem embodies the Buddhist scripture "Without me, no one has no life". Not only are all external objects empty, but even your own body and mind are empty. If there is nothing, how can you enter the dust? Finally, Master Hong Ren handed the mantle to the new monk who had not yet become a full member. He was doing odd jobs and could not write. He was called "the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism" by later generations, and Hong Ren regarded him as a "body bodhisattva", because the Diamond Sutra said that "seeing differences means seeing Tathagata", and Huineng reached this state. This shows that Buddhists attach great importance to the word "empty".
When I was a graduate student in Changsha, I went to a famous local temple? Kaifu temple, which was built in the Sui Dynasty, has a history of 1000 years. Kaifu District in Changsha is named after this temple. There are still more than 100 monks (all women) in the temple, who practice in strict accordance with the traditional way. At that time, a pair of couplets was found on a pair of pillars in the corridor, which was very interesting. The first part is: "Zhai Yu knocks down blue lagoon and the moon, feels it, feels it first, then feels it, and there is nothing else." The second part is: "Fa Zhong hits the cloud at the foot of the mountain, Sorakara Ku is empty, color is empty, and it will always be empty." I saw this couplet at that time, because there was no punctuation, it was difficult to break the sentence. According to the present statement, it should be called "percussion instrument". Zhai fish is relatively small, and the sound is relatively light when you knock it in your hand. The pun "Juejue Juejue" is not only an onomatopoeic word, but also reminds monks not to learn by rote when reading scriptures, and to understand the truth. French bells are ringing loudly, and "Sorakara Ku Sky" is like a voice, which also reminds them to abandon their distractions and everything is empty. There is another meaning. Zhaiyu knocks when chanting at night, so as not to disturb the people. It was here that the moon in blue lagoon was knocked down, where the morning bell rang and a new day began, reflecting the hard work of spiritual practice. To sum up, Buddhism is "doing nothing, doing something", truly detached, and truly "doing nothing".
In addition to Taoism, the founder of Taoism is Laozi, and the remaining classic is Tao Te Ching. Another representative is Zhuangzi, who is also called "Lao Zi" with Lao Zi. Several texts in our junior middle school Chinese textbook are selected from the book Zhuangzi. Compared with Buddhism, Taoism also advocates "inaction", such as "governing by inaction" and "governing by inaction", but Taoism's inaction is a false inaction and a means of inaction. In fact, it is "governing by doing nothing", in other words, it is the so-called "governing by doing nothing and doing something". There is a famous word called "retreat into the Tao", such as hitting people. Historical allusions include the story of Sean in Han Dynasty.
Emperor gaozu Liu Bang was very happy after he took the world. He rewarded meritorious officials, such as Han Xin, Xiao He, Peng Yue, etc., and they all worshipped each other, with a wide range of fiefs. When it was his turn, Liu Bang was afraid that he would suffer, reminding him to choose Qi and eat 30,000 households. Sean resolutely refused and chose to "stay" here, which is now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province. Choose this place as his fief, it should be said that Sean has made some painstaking efforts. First, this place was called "Pei County" in the Qin Dynasty, which was the hometown of Liu Bang and the place where Liu Bang made his fortune. Everyone knows that Liu Bang is called "Pei Gong" and he has great affection for this place. Second, this place is also the place where Liu Bangchu met Sean. Two people met here and established a profound "revolutionary friendship". From then on, Sean followed Liu Bang on the "revolutionary road". Therefore, Sean's actions show that he has never forgotten Liu Bang's kindness and is satisfied that he is loyal. The third point is very crucial. Peixian county is not rich in native products, and the region is also very narrow. Can't compare with Qi. It is equivalent to the current "old revolutionary base areas", showing complacency and letting Liu Bang down his guard. As we all know, the founding heroes mentioned just now, such as Han Xin, Xiao He and Peng Yue, as well as Fan Li and Wen Zhong, died or fled, with a tragic ending, but only Sean was able to get away with it. Later, people said that Sean became a fairy (I think he was a genius), which was also because he had the wisdom to advance and retreat.
Finally, let's talk about our sage Confucius, who is called "Great Sage" by later generations and is recognized as the founder of Confucianism. His life is busy and hard. He traveled around the world, wrote books, and took more than 3,000 students, including 72 doctoral students. It's hard. There was a time when people had some misunderstandings about Confucius. They think he is traveling around the world, attacking from all sides, escaping from his official position and clinging to his official career. In fact, after reading The Analects, I have this experience. Confucius' heart is full of kindness. He cares about all the people in the world. He will do anything that is beneficial to the world and people. He just wants to have more energy and space to "serve the people". Is there any basis for my opinion? Does Confucius want to be an official or not? Are there any relevant records in The Analects of Confucius? The answer is yes. In The Analects of Confucius? In Zi Han, there was a dialogue between Zi Gong and Confucius:
Zi Gong said, "Sri Lanka has beautiful jade, but it is hidden everywhere?" Asking people to sell? "Zi Gong is really a businessman. Asking questions is like doing business. He asked his teacher Confucius, "Here is a beautiful jade. Do you want to put it in the cupboard? Or find a businessman who knows the goods to sell? "Zi Gong implicitly raised the question of whether a person should come out for politics. Who is Confucius? You can understand at once. What did he say? Confucius said, "If you sell it, if you sell it, I will treat Jia. "Confucius said," sell it, sell it. I'm waiting for a knowledgeable businessman to sell it. "
This shows that Confucius wants to be an official, so is he an official fan? Of course not. Because Confucius has a principle for being an official, or the bottom line, unless this condition is met, he will not be an official. This truth is that "the country has a way", that is, the national government is clear. The Analects of Confucius? The sage heard: Confucius said: "The state has roads and valleys; The country has no way, shameful. " The "valley" here refers to the salary received by an official, which means to be an official on his behalf. In other words, it is shameful to be an official when the national political environment is good and the national political situation is dark. The Analects of Confucius? Taber said: "If there is a road in the world, you will see it. If you have no choice, just hide. If the country has a way, it is shameful to be poor again. " There is no way to make the country rich and expensive, and it is also shameful. "It is also clear that if the world is at peace, you can be an official. If it's not peaceful, you can be a hermit. If the country is well governed, but as a talent, you live in poverty, which shows that he has not played its due role, which is also shameful. In fact, there is another principle for Confucius to be an official, that is, "righteousness." Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me. ("The Analects? ) ",that is to say, Confucius is dismissive without moral wealth.
Therefore, Confucius has a positive attitude towards the world and the current situation, or it can be summarized as "doing something and not doing something". Compared with Tao Te Ching, The Analects of Confucius is full of wisdom and philosophy, but I personally think that The Analects is about conspiracy, and Tao Te Ching belongs to conspiracy. Of course, what I'm talking about here is. Teacher Kong also said at the reading report that The Analects of Confucius, like the divination in the Book of Changes, belongs to Yang. Tao Te Ching, like Kun Gua, belongs to Yin, which I think is what it means.
China is an ancient civilization with a history of five thousand years. The classics of Chinese studies are extensive and profound. Due to the limited time and personal qualifications, I can only grab some small fragments to communicate with you.
Finally, I send you a pair of couplets by Yao Wentian, the champion of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. The first part is "a family that has existed in the world for hundreds of years", and the second part is "the best in the world is still studying". Thank you!
Experience in reading classics of Chinese studies II? Confucius said:? Reviewing the past and learning new knowledge can be an hour for a teacher. I always feel that Chinese studies are useless. We still have to recite what the ancients wrote. Every time the teacher teaches us, I always let my thoughts wander for a while. Now when I grow up, I realize the unique beauty of Chinese studies. It is like tea. As long as I savor it carefully, I will taste its wonder. And this wonder is exactly what others don't have.
Sinology is a profound testimony that ancient people in China used books to convey all their wisdom. When I came to China, I had to see the Great Wall and appreciate its majesty. I think I also have to study Chinese studies, which is inherent in our country and contains the traditional culture and scholarship of China with Confucianism as the main body. Isn't this just like the Great Wall? This is a unique testimony of China.
Of course, articles on Chinese studies are sometimes a few sentences and sometimes an article. I remember reading the extracurricular teacher's article Peacock Flying Southeast. The article is not too long. We studied for a week, but we didn't feel tired at all. During this week, we were deeply attracted by the content of the story. The writing style of the ancients was so smooth and beautiful, and the words were so incisive. The sad plot moved us.
The truth of Chinese studies is clear and thorough, full of philosophy, which really makes people admire. Of course, the truth of Chinese studies is not only practical in ancient times, but also very practical in modern times. I believe that the truth of Chinese studies is always practical.
Chinese studies have a wide range of applications. For example, writing a few words of Chinese studies at the end of the composition will make the article full of poetry and make the whole article full of vitality. Speaking a few words about Chinese studies can not only clearly express your meaning, but also reflect a person's cultivation.
It's another sunny day. I took out the book of Chinese studies from my schoolbag and opened it quietly. Looking at the crystallization of ancient wisdom, I feel a little proud. I couldn't help but pick up the book Sinology, shake my head and read it vividly. A relaxed feeling filled the whole body, and my mind became more and more full?
The book is divided into three units: thrift, self-confidence and wisdom. Each unit consists of four parts: classic essence, story, life, practice and classic reading. There are not only famous sayings, but also people and things close to life, as well as some well-known works. Like what? Who would have thought that our bowl of rice and grain are full of the blood and sweat of farmers? Everyone has long been familiar with it. Who else likes it? A porridge and a meal, when thinking hard; Half a thread, persistent thoughts and material hardships? It is also widely circulated among the people. This book makes the essence of Chinese studies closer to people's daily life, makes it easier for primary and secondary school students to understand and remember, and can put the teachings of saints into practice.
After reading this book, I not only learned some principles and codes of conduct, but also understood that I should apply these principles to my life. Like what? From thrift to luxury, from luxury to thrift? It is to warn us to be thrifty and frugal in our daily life, and not to be extravagant and wasteful. Another example? It is better to rely on others than on yourself. It is to educate us to study hard from an early age, constantly increase our knowledge and ability, and enhance our independence; On the long road of life, we can't always rely on parents and others, but should stand on our own feet.
The book Classic of Chinese Studies not only expands our reading, but also subtly shapes our thoughts and behaviors. Let the excellent classics of Chinese studies always accompany us to grow healthily, and let us inherit and carry forward the profound Chinese traditional culture with our own practical actions!