1. Be the first to read the opening paragraph

The most taboo thing about the opening paragraph is that it gives people the feeling of going off topic in one stroke. It tells the marking teacher straightforwardly that the author has not reviewed the meaning of the question, and the composition will be graded poorly. Big discount.

Example 4 "Communication starts with language": "Language is a bridge, connecting this shore and the other shore; language is a waterfall, connecting streams and deep pools; language is a rainbow, connecting the sky and the earth. Only language can be accurately understood Only through expression can communication be successful. If the language is wrong, it may cause unpredictable consequences. So how can the language be expressed accurately and the communication be successful? ”

So, is the opening paragraph good? The core issue is still to examine the topic; when reviewing the meaning of the topic and solving the problem, first seek accuracy and then image. Here are some ways to get started.

1. Quoting famous sayings

①Ask what love is in the world and teach you how to make love between life and death. Yuan Haowen is indeed easy to ask and very good at asking questions. This question of his can be said to be a question for the ages. Over the years, how many people have been lingering on this issue, and how many people have made the final answer in life after paying a huge price. But each family's words are as different as each person's face.

Xi Shi said: "Love is a tool..." ("Asking What Love Is in the World")

②In a church in the Middle Ages, a saint began his Speech: "The reason why I became a saint is because I have seen through money, and what's mine belongs to everyone." After a long time, I waved my fingers. In a prison across the century, a thief began his life monologue: "The reason why I became a thief is because I have seen through money, and what belongs to everyone is mine."

(" "The Saint and the Thief")

③ Rodin, the master of aesthetics, once said: "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery." Today, this rich man is inspired by Inspired by innovative scholars, I would like to say: "The answer is universal. For our heads, it is not a lack of thinking, but a lack of perspective." Many times, we are confused by the incomprehension of the problem or wandering between multiple solutions. At an intersection, how to go becomes a mystery in your mind, and you are often indecisive and leaning left and right. At this time, it is necessary to change your perspective and consider it, which will give you more chances of success. ("Spinning the Kaleidoscope")

2. Use letter format skillfully

①Dear Grandpa Confucius:

Hello! I am an ordinary descendant of yours, and I have the courage to write to you after thousands of years, not only to send you my respectful greetings, but also to urgently await your advice on several difficult questions. ("A Letter to Confucius")

②Hateful standard answer:

When I see you, I am really filled with righteous indignation. So, driven by the flames of anger, I write this letter to denounce you. The answers are rich and colorful, but you have to wear the "standard" hat. You know, just because of the word "standard", countless tragedies have happened. The following are your three major crimes:... ("A Letter to the "Standard Answer"")

3. Borrowing the writing style of Zhanghui novels

① "It is said that the general trend of the world must be divided over time. "If we unite for a long time, we will divide." The era when the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu were at odds with each other no longer exists. The great rivers are moving eastward, and the waves have wiped out all the heroes of the past. And Adou, the former heir to the Kingdom of Shu, has also become "lucky to miss Shu", and the world has become the world of the "Sima clan". ("The Meeting of the Heroes of the Three Kingdoms")

②The Juyi Hall in Liangshanbo is now brightly lit and full of people. One hundred and eight heroes gathered here, and everyone was quarreling. What are they arguing about? It turns out that Liang Shanbo will be selecting tiger fighting heroes recently. This honorary title is a big deal, and whoever wins it will be able to sit in the second place in Liangshanbo. So all the heroes gathered here and argued endlessly. ("Who is the hero who fights the tiger")

4. Use rhetoric skillfully

Using rhetorical techniques at the beginning can easily express the author's inner feelings and arouse the reader's interest in reading. For example, the beginning of "Spiritual Choice" in 2002 reads: "If you choose wings, you will embrace the entire blue sky; if you choose fins, you will kiss the vast blue sea; if you choose four legs, you will experience the taste of life." The vast green forest. But my choice is one by one. "It starts with a parallel sentence, the sentence structure is neat, the tone is sonorous, and the contrast between the front and back not only highlights the topic but also sets up suspense, which encourages people to read. In addition, the 2001 college entrance examination excellent essay "Integrity-Eternal Green Card" begins with: "Integrity is like the first ray of sunshine in spring, which makes people yearn for; like a piece of sweet watermelon in summer, it is held in the mouth and sweet in the heart; The autumn wind brings a fiery red maple leaf from afar, causing infinite concern; like the flying snowflakes in winter, covering the wheat fields with thick quilts. "The beginning uses metaphors and parallelism to describe the value and meaning of integrity. desire for integrity.

5. Lyric method.

That is, express your true feelings directly at the beginning of the article to clarify the main purpose of the article. Commonly used lyrical methods include hypothetical lyricism, contrastive lyricism and foil lyricism. For example, the 2001 college entrance examination masterpiece "Pick Up the Knapsack of Integrity" begins with: "If life is a running train, then integrity is an indispensable wheel; if life is a sailing ship, then integrity is an indispensable wheel. It is an indispensable backpack that will accompany you forever.

"The author uses metaphors and contrasts to illustrate the importance of integrity through contrast and contrast. Another example is the beginning of the 2002 college entrance examination excellent essay "The Footsteps of Choice": "What is it that suddenly passes through my heart, leaving a moment of splendor? What is it that quietly waters the heart and cultivates sweet memories? What is it that gently touches the heart and brings eternal beauty? What is it that makes your heart, my heart, and his heart play that magnificent movement together? One by one is the shocking choices, the difficult and beautiful choices again and again, and the singing of the songs of your choice one after another..." It starts with four parallel questions to arouse people's deep thoughts and express their choices. It expresses the author's feelings about the value and meaning of life.

6. Get straight to the point.

Because this kind of beginning is straightforward, it can go straight to the topic and enter the narrative at once. scene, or to capture the essence of the discussion at once, so it is suitable for a variety of literary styles. For example, the 2002 excellent college entrance examination essay "Choose the Soul of China" begins with "Looking through the history of the past to find the regretless choice of the soul." The following is Divided into subtitles: 1. The choice of the king. 3. The choice of the scientist. This is another example of the beginning of the 2002 college entrance examination excellent essay "Wisdom and Thought - My Choice". Wrote: “After completing high school, I received admission brochures from three universities and I had to make a sacred choice. "The author is straightforward and concise. He uses the summary to lead to the following, and provides a general introduction to how he chooses between the "university of wealth", "university of power" and "university of wisdom".

7 , Descriptive method.

Descriptive method means to use some rhetoric or certain descriptive techniques to exaggerate the atmosphere and set off the atmosphere through the description of the scenery, which sets the stage for the beginning of the following characters or events. This method is particularly effective for narratives, essays, and argumentative essays. For example, the excellent essay "Zhaojun's Choice" in 2002 reads at the beginning: "The deep walls, the bright-eyed palace maids, the silent pink butterflies, and the lazy dressing-up are like those in the palace. The wheels rolled slowly through Zhaojun's heart. "Four more formal phrases are used at the beginning of the article. They are neat in form, elegant in wording, and are modifiers to describe the character's traits. The image accurately reveals the character's characteristics, rendering and highlighting Zhaojun's wise spiritual choices below, making the beginning The description of the poem is a good contrast to the events in the article. Another example is the 1997 National Essay. In an article titled "White Clouds, Water Drops", someone wrote: "There is a white cloud floating in the blue sky, and in the white cloud is a cloud." Small water droplets, who makes the white clouds float high? It's those little water droplets, you hold my arm, and I hold your arm, creating that freedom and elegance together. "The article starts with a metaphor, personifying it, raising questions, and the passage is very poetic. It is a metaphor for the following that our society is a white cloud, and each member is a molecule in the white cloud. It inspires us that we should jointly create A beautiful environment.

8. Continuing the topic method.

That is, following the topic materials and ideas provided by the topic, this kind of continuation can be done. Continue from the end of the topic background, and you can also intercept a little continuation from the original material. For example, the excellent essay "Integrity Interview" in 2001 begins: "It's so boring, 'Integrity' has always been troublesome. He would sigh from time to time, why did you abandon me? Could it be that times have changed and it’s useless for me to follow suit? No, I'm going to find good friends and let them comment! After that, the article compiled the story of "Integrity" visiting "money", revealing the large number of money transactions and power and sex transactions that exist in real life. Even in the pure land of civilization and pure culture, "money transactions" have appeared. The beginning Clever design provides a scientific and thorough introduction to the story below.

9. Character appearance method

In articles about human narratives, close-ups can sometimes be used to inspire readers. The lens allows the characters to reveal themselves, so as to catch the readers’ attention before seeing their actions. For example, the beginning of the 2001 college entrance examination masterpiece "How Can You Abandon Me - A Self-Report of Honesty" reads: "My surname is Cheng. Believe, never deceive. Born with the universe, it depends on the human heart to exist. It can be traced back to ancient times, and it can shine in the present. It can help friends and relatives from far away. "The article begins with a self-recommendation, explaining the surname, birth background and unique personality, narrowing the distance between the author and the reader, expressing his heart through words, and enlightening the theme of the article.

10. Clever use of fables

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① Yugong’s family has lived here for generations. The two mountains at the door, Wangwu and Taihang, block the way. Life here seems to be isolated from the rest of the world. What’s new in the city has already changed here. It's old news, this kind of life really needs to change. Yu Gong thought: He must find a way to move the two mountains of Taihang and Wangwu ("The Story of New Yu Gong and Zhisou")

< p>② Magpie posted a large advertisement: “In order to adapt to the needs of the times, our school will promote all-round quality education, learn everything and teach everything, ensuring that your children become omnipotent generalists and remain invincible in the competition. land. Tuition fee is 3,000 yuan per semester; training fee is 2,000 yuan; sponsorship fee is 15,000 yuan.

"("All-round School")

11. Clever use of inscriptions to reveal the theme

① You don’t have the majesty of a tree, but you can have the greenness of grass; you don’t have the beauty of peonies, but you You can have the freedom and ease of Ono Ju... Life doesn't have to be brilliant, but it must be great!

Inscription

Die was once a beautiful girl with shawl hair. Her graceful dancing posture once brought her thunderous applause and countless flowers. She was once praised by others as China's future Duncan... However, everything ended, and the God of fate pinned her in a wheelchair forever. It became dim and silent, and the "white swan" turned into an ugly duckling that no one cared about. How many times did she dream that she had put on the glass slippers and continued her pursuit, but when she woke up she only heard "miserable and pitiful" sounds. Indifferent Autumn Wind. ("Star Night Talk")

② If you lose money, you only lose a small part; if you lose your health, you only lose a small part; if you lose integrity, , then you will be almost penniless.

Inscription

What is "integrity"? Honesty and trustworthiness are the same. Throughout history, this word "integrity" has been soaked in the blood and tears of many people. Ah. ("Who is praising the emperor's new clothes")

12. Use problem-solving methods skillfully

A friend once gave me such a question ingeniously: In Which one of the following scenes is your favorite?

A. A piece of pure white feather falling leisurely in the shining golden sunshine.

B. , swirling and floating in the quiet and deep water.

C. A shooting star, passing by in the dark blue sky.

D. On the tips of the tender and green grass blades, they slipped quietly

After reading this question, I was stunned. The ever-changing nature, the rising and setting of the sun, the rising and falling of the tide, how many beautiful scenery are stunning. Heartbeat, leisurely and fascinated... ("Infinite Possibilities and Infinite Beauty")

13. Use celebrities to answer questions

① Someone asked: What is happiness?

Nietzsche believed: “The happiest person is one who can swallow centipedes, broken glass, meat worms, and stones without feeling disgusted. But the Stoics believe: "Having infinite wealth and power, and being able to do things without panic, that is the real happiness." "("The Answer is Colorful")

②Archimedes said: "Give me a fulcrum, and I can pry the earth up!

I said: "Give me a fulcrum, I can support my soul!" "("Give the Soul a Fulcrum")

14. Skillful use of poetry to show poetry

① Turning over the Tang and Song Dynasty poems that shine like a galaxy, there are countless farewell poems. Wang Bo Zhuanghuai sings loudly: Inaction is on the wrong road, and the children are stained with towels. Liu Yong's voice is sad: Where can I wake up from the wine tonight? The river is flooded with thousands of sails. That's it. Some people are beating their chests and stamping their feet: How can I endure the rush? Now there is Wang Guozhen whispering: A life span of a hundred years, no matter where you are, I only pray for Xi Murong's gentle warning. Quote: If parting can bring back the neglected details caused by getting together, is it really bad to say goodbye? Such various emotions are really beautiful. Reflecting on the insights of different times and different lives, you will have unexpected gains. ("Stick to Yourself in Vientiane Life")

②What is beauty? I know that beauty is the first light rising on the horizon, beauty is the maple leaves that are hotter than fire in autumn, and beauty is the beach at dusk. Beauty is the red-crowned crane galloping on the grassland, and beauty is the sika deer galloping on the prairie... Baumgarten agreed with me and added: "Beauty is perceptual knowledge, and the study of aesthetics is the science of perceptual knowledge. But Kant glared at me angrily and said, "One-sided. Beauty is a purely formal subjective feeling of human beings and has nothing to do with the thing itself." I advise you to read my "Criticism of Judgment". "I was very open-minded and carefully studied his aesthetic works on emotions. When I was feeling complacent about my mystery, Hegel poured cold water on me: "No, beauty should be the appearance of human nature. change. "Then, he talked about his aesthetic theory proudly. Just when I, the monk Zhang Er, was scratching his head, Marx whispered next to me: "Don't listen to him, he has everything upside down, and he can't distinguish between right and wrong. Don't fall into the pit of idealism. Beauty should actually be the unity of human essence and free form. "What exactly is beauty? I have no choice but to decide to leave?/ca>

(2) Look back and smile to be charming - ending techniques

1. Natural closing

< p>No matter what kind of literary style, after expressing the content, the whole text will be naturally concluded without designing profound philosophical sentences or highlighting rich symbolic shapes. This ending method is called "natural conclusion". "Binding method". It completely avoids the ending problems of superfluous and unnecessary moaning. It appears simple, bright and unpretentious, and should be widely used in high school entrance examination compositions.

Generally speaking, the natural ending methods have the following types Main forms of expression:

(1) Narrative type. When writing about people and things ends, the article also ends.

In writing about people, the text is concluded with a description of the characters' actions and language.

(3) Explanatory formula. In expository writing, things are explained clearly and the article ends.

2. Echoing the beginning of the article

Echoing the beginning at the end is a very common closing method for all kinds of articles. This method makes the beginning and end of the article rounded, with a complete structure, and can arouse readers' psychological beauty in reading. In actual writing, the ending methods that echo the beginning of the article are colorful and beautiful. To sum up, there are mainly four types:

First, recurring response. The lyricism, discussion, character description, scene setting, explanatory points, etc. at the beginning of the article are repeated at the end. The sentences are slightly different from the beginning to the end. Because the same content is repeatedly emphasized at the beginning and end, the main idea of ??the article is more prominent, and the structure of the beginning and end of the article has a looping beauty.

Second, progressive response. The end of the article is based on the narration, description, discussion and lyricism at the beginning of the article. While echoing each other, it expresses a deeper meaning, thereby driving the reader's understanding and emotional leap, leaving room for aftertaste. , while deepening the theme of the article.

Third, virtual and real echoes. The beginning of the article is realistic, and the end is described in a vague way to deepen the center of the article or to highlight the artistic conception of the article. This type of ending is often used in narratives, which can give readers the beauty of artistic conception.

Fourth, respond to the movements. This is a relatively special method of echoing the beginning and the end. It is mainly used for articles that start with a "quote" technique, that is, citing a material at the beginning and the same material at the end. The two paragraphs of discussion are cited from beginning to end, and both are articles. The center serves and shows the beauty of the structure of the article.

3. Expressing one's ambitions in a final chapter

To express one's ambitions in a final chapter means to clearly express the theme and idea at the end of the article, or to clearly explain the purpose of the writing when the full text is about to come to an end. Therefore, people often call this ending method "the final point of the chapter". Using this method to end narratives and argumentative essays can increase the profundity, appeal and conceptual beauty of the work, and provide readers with a "finishing" artistic enjoyment.

The method of revealing one's ambitions at the end of a chapter is exactly the opposite of the method of "getting to the point". The latter's intention often appears at the beginning of the article, while the former's intention always appears at the end of the article. Generally speaking, the method of revealing one’s ambitions after death has the following main forms.

The first is a summary comment. At the end, the writing style is tightened to provide a high-level overview and clear indication of the previous content, thereby revealing the author's theme of writing the article, condensing the content of the composition to a clear theme, and giving readers a sense of sudden enlightenment.

The second is the essence of enlightenment. On the basis of a deep understanding of the people, things and things written about, he uses extremely concise language to reveal their essence. This kind of enlightenment is the product of the author's leap in understanding. It not only serves to highlight the topic, but also complements and shines with the personal narrative in the article, thus excellently showing the "soul" of the full text.

The third is the extended form of accumulating momentum. The "ambition" shown in this kind of ending is not a comment, summary, summary or indication of the full text content, but an opening, deepening, and extending the full text content to a profound meaning or deepened artistic conception. Go in. It can be said that in such an article, the narration and description of the whole text are all written for the profound "moment" at the end, and they are all "preparing the momentum" for the ending.

The fourth is the meaning breaking style. The sub-category ending is specially used for fables and is a unique and indispensable "death chapter showing one's ambition". After a short fable, sometimes the language of the "characters" in the fable can be used to make points, and sometimes the author's narration can be used to make points. Because of this kind of breakthrough, the theme and meaning of the fable are clearly revealed, and the "body" of the fable becomes the "soul".

The fifth is to reveal the topic. The writing of some argumentative essays also involves "drawing the final line" first and then "finishing the key points": first raising questions, citing examples, and fully developing them without stating the point of view. It is not until the end of the article that the topic is revealed, or the argument is explained, or Tell the intention.

4. Lyrical ending

Using a lyrical way to end the ending can express the author's feelings, arouse the readers' emotions, and arouse the readers' cries, which has a strong artistic appeal. This ending method is mainly used in narrative essays about people and events, and can also be used in expository essays and argumentative essays. The main angles are:

First, express your feelings directly. Express your emotions directly at the end of your essay. It can be the catharsis of "my" emotional outflow, or it can be a warm response and praise to the lyrical object.

Second, write about people emotionally. On the basis of depicting characters, strong emotions are expressed in narratives and descriptions.

Third, be lyrical about the situation. This method is mostly used in narrative compositions. The author is emotional about the event, embodies the emotion in the event, embodies the emotion in the scene where the event occurred, embodies the emotion in the review and recollection of the event, and contains strong emotions in the narration, description or discussion.

Fourth, the painting is lyrical. This writing method is mainly used in articles describing scenes, and is often used in narrative compositions about people. It empathizes with the scene and uses the scene to express emotions. It seems to be describing the scene, but in fact it is expressive, making the end of the article implicit, meaningful and profound.

Fifth, chant objects and express emotions.

This ending method is mainly used for prose that expresses one's ambitions and expresses one's emotions by borrowing objects. It can also be used for narrative articles that are delicate, beautiful, delicate and true. It expresses and conveys the author's certain feelings through the description of specific objects, and reveals the emotions in a tortuous and euphemistic way, making the article profound and affectionate.

Sixth, the discussion is lyrical. This ending method combines emotion with reason. It is a kind of persuasive and contagious lyricism, and it is also an emotional argument. It can convince people with reason and emotion.

5. Express arguments

Using arguments can often deepen the theme and character image of the composition, deeply reflect social life and express the author's emotions, add thinking and rational color to the work, and give it a Readers use distinctive expression effects such as warning, encouragement and strength. Some of them are majestic and majestic, showing the author's magnanimity; some are delicate and soft, expressing the emotions of the characters; some are upright and bright, with an incisive analysis of things. They are really colorful and diverse.

The discussion at the end has the following expression angle.

One is to express emotions. It can be deep or unrestrained; it can be joyful or sad; it can be nostalgic or reminiscing, and it can fully express one's emotions.

The second is to summarize the full text. This kind of argument is often used in articles about total points and total structure. On the one hand, it summarizes the full text, and on the other hand, it uses extremely concise language to re-emphasize the topic and deepen the main content of the full text.

The third is the enlightenment theme. This is one of the basic "functions" of discussion. The so-called topic is to use concise words to remind the central meaning of the article. Such discussions may explore the meaning of the text, extend the meaning of the text, point out the meaning of the topic, or clarify the meaning, giving readers inspiration and thinking.

The fourth is the prospect call. This is a special form of discussion. The author is full of passion, looking forward to the future, or making a call. At the same time, he expresses the author's views and feelings strongly and clearly, thus shocking the readers' hearts.

The fifth is the police philosophy. This method of discussion is intended to extend the article and reveal a certain true meaning of life. It often appears at the end of prose, narratives, and essays, expressing profound and thought-provoking philosophical or warning content in a few words, making it deeply engraved in the hearts of readers.

The sixth step is to stand up and express your stance. This type of discussion often appears at the end of exercises and examination essays. The author relates to reality, speaks directly from the bottom of his heart, pours out his true words, and expresses his stance. Let readers see the author's fiery emotions and beating heart through the passionate language.

Seventh is the rhetorical questioning style. Such arguments can be used both to establish and refute arguments. It uses cross-examination to enhance the momentum and appeal of the article.

Although the author often does not answer directly, the rhetorical questions impact people's thoughts and inspire readers to think deeply