Introduction Culture is a multifaceted, complex and historically developed social phenomenon, so the word "culture" has many meanings. From the philosophical point of view, "culture" is regarded as the sum of material and spiritual values created by people and passed down from generation to generation. De Xie Likhachev (196 -1999) is a unique figure: he is a famous Russian linguist, a scientific academician, has written many books on culture and has done many things for culture. His contributions to the country, its people and culture can be listed for hours. Suffice it to point out that he has written more than 5 scientific works and more than 6 political works covering a wide range of issues, many of which have been translated into various languages. De Xie Likhachev was almost a contemporary of the 2th century. He is a man with lofty spiritual culture, a distinctive representative of Russian intellectuals, and is called the conscience of the Russian people. He will not remain indifferent to what is happening, and his remarks are very brave and frank. Spent four years in Stalin's concentration camp (1928-1931). Writers of all nationalities in all times have been worried about the corruption of their national customs. However, no one is so worried as Likhachev, the protector of people's cultural values, and has written so many articles about it. Likhachev has a special gift: he can make complex things simple and easy to understand. His views on many acute and complicated issues in contemporary reality-from politics and economy to ecology and ethnic relations-are surprising because of their wisdom, accuracy and honesty. He was listened to by top experts in history, culture and education, consulted by politicians, and his works were read repeatedly. Likhachev was the first to raise the issue of cultural ecology, and published many incisive articles on the most sensitive issues such as the protection of historical and cultural relics. He believes that "culture requires the attention of the state, which is one of the responsibilities of the state." "If there is no culture, why do people exist? ? There's no point. The significance of a nation's existence lies only in its unique culture. " In 1993, Dmitry sergeyev Likhachev became an honorary citizen of St Petersburg. Russian President Vladimir Putin declared 26 as the year of humanities, culture and education in the Russian Federation-the year of academician De Xie Likhachev. Likhachev deserves to be regarded as a monument of Russian culture.

21. p25 Speech at the Soviet People's Congress I just want to talk about the state of our country's culture, mainly its humanistic part. I have carefully studied the campaign platform of the delegates. To my surprise, most of the programs don't even have the word "culture". The word "culture" was mentioned only on the third day at the congress. At the same time, if there is no culture in society, there will be no sense of morality. Without a basic sense of morality, social and economic laws will not work. There would be no laws and regulations, and there would be no modern science, because, for example, it would be difficult to test millions of experiments and many large-scale "century projects" and so on. The low-level culture of our country has a negative impact on our social life, national work and the relationship between our ethnic groups, because one of the reasons for ethnic hostility is the low level of education. People with a high level of education will not be hostile or hostile to the views of other nationalities and others. Ignorance of basic formal logic and ignorance of the composition of rights? I don't think this point needs to be elaborated. Unfortunately, in terms of culture, there is another principle at work. In this regard, even the Soviet Academy of Sciences can prove that it puts humanities and culture last. Regarding the low cultural level of our country, firstly, the status of cultural and historical relics can prove this. Some people have seen this with their own eyes, so I won't go into details; Second, reflected in the status of books and archives? Third, the status of museums and education, first of all, the status of secondary education and primary education, which is the foundation stage of human culture. I'll start with books. Books are the most important in culture. There can be no universities, research institutes and scientific research institutions, but if there are libraries, if they are not burned down and flooded, they have places and are equipped with modern technology, and the library is led by professionals instead of just anyone, then culture will not die out in such a country. Meanwhile, our most important libraries in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities are burning like candles? Even in the main Lenin library in the country I am particularly concerned about, small-scale fires continue to occur. Please compare it with the library of the headquarters congress. What is there to say about rural libraries? District libraries are often closed (? ), because the venue is used for other purposes. Now let's talk about the museum. It is a similar situation here. People-oriented staff, not administrative staff, but restorers, protectors, tour guides, etc., have unacceptably low salaries. And they, it is they who are really enthusiastic people, just like the "inferior" library staff. We have a large number of museum resources, although some of them are still being sold, but the status of cultural monuments is very low, and we have to invite restorers from Poland, Bulgaria and Finland, which is several times more expensive. Our school is in the same situation, even worse. Children and teachers should be protected now. Teachers in schools have no authority and have no time to enrich their knowledge. I can give many examples, but I won't give them. Teaching itself is destroyed by various outlines and countless low-quality teaching methods. Middle school teaching-the first is training. This is the teacher's creation, and creation cannot be carried out outside freedom. It demands freedom. Therefore, a teacher should tell students what he likes and cherishes outside the syllabus, and cultivate and instill students' love for literature and art. I want to point out that the students themselves have noticed the serious shortcomings in our publication. Russian teachers are always people who attract the attention of young people and have a strong influence on them. Today's female teachers do not have enough money to survive, nor can they dress more or less decently. You will say, where can I get money to improve the living standards of those whose occupation is for people rather than things? I am a realist. At the risk of making enemies among comrades, I want to say, first, we should streamline and resolutely streamline all the cultural institutions and all the subordinate administrative institutions that have been specially developed and fully guaranteed. Let those who write teaching methods teach according to their own teaching methods and carry out these instructions, let them protect cultural relics, let them show you around, that is, let the staff of various ministries work. Funds should be allocated from the income of international tourism companies to provide them to museums, because the former's income comes from our inadequately preserved cultural treasures. It is necessary to reduce military spending and aid to other countries that depend on the funds of our people, so that more funds deducted can be used for culture? Culture should not be based on economic accounting. Compared with the direct benefits that libraries, archives and museums may bring, compared with any field of economy and technology, the benefits that culture brings to the people and the country are immeasurable. I'm sure of that. However, this benefit is not immediate and immediate. The low level of culture and morality and the increase of crime make all our efforts in any field go to waste and in vain. We can't change economic, scientific and social life through reform, and push forward reform, if our culture will still be at the current level. Our country should have a long-term plan for cultural development, but now there is no or at least I don't know. Only then, we won't have ethnic disputes that prove the low level of education, but we will have a normal economic life and the crime rate will drop. In particular, the integrity of social activists will increase. The fate of the motherland is in your hands, and it is now in danger. Thank you for your attention! 2 cultural ecology P253

4 1. Love for one's hometown, hometown culture, hometown and mother tongue comes from love for one's own family, residence, school and other subtle things. This love for things in my hometown has been expanding, and gradually transformed into love for my own country, its history, past and present, and even all mankind and human culture. Correct patriotism is the first stage of effective internationalism. When I imagine true internationalism, I assume that I am watching our earth from space. The planet where all of us live is extremely precious to us, and it is so lonely in the galaxy. 3. People live in a certain environment. Environmental pollution makes people sick and threatens people's lives, and human beings are threatened with extinction. As we all know, China and other countries, scientists and social activists have made great efforts to prevent air, water and forests from being polluted, to protect the animal kingdom on our planet and to save the habitats of migratory birds and some marine animals. In order to prevent human beings from choking to death, and to protect the nature that enables people to have aesthetic and spiritual rest, human beings have spent billions of dollars. The healing power of nature is well known. 4. Streets, squares, canals, houses and parks are constantly reminding human beings that the past creations carry the wisdom and emotions of generations, and gradually infiltrate into the hearts of future generations, becoming a yardstick for measuring beauty. Human beings learn to respect their predecessors and cultivate their obligations to future generations. At that time, for him, the past and future became inseparable, because each generation seemed to be a link in time. It is impossible for people who love their hometown not to feel their moral responsibility in the face of future generations, because the spiritual needs of future generations will increase day by day. If a person doesn't like to take a look at the old photos of his parents even once in a while, then he won't cherish the memories left about them in the garden they cultivated and what belongs to them, that is to say, he doesn't love them. If a person doesn't like old streets, old houses and even some things that are not so good, that means he doesn't love his city. If a person is indifferent to the historical relics of his own country, then usually, he is indifferent to his own country. What I said does not mean that the construction of new facilities in the old city should be stopped. This just means that urban construction should be based on the following: study the history of urban development and find out all the new things that should continue to exist in this history, and study the root of urban construction and development. New things should also be studied from this point of view. Some architects may think that he is opening up new things, but in fact, he is just destroying old valuable things and establishing only some "false cultures".

5 7. Nowadays, not everything built in the city is new in essence. Really new and valuable things are produced in the old cultural environment. The reason why new things are new is only relative to old things, just as children are relative to their parents. As an independent phenomenon, new things do not exist. 8. The responsibility of contemporary urban builders to Russian culture is not to destroy the structure of our city even in the slightest, but to support and creatively develop it. 9. The real past is also our present, because culture will never die. So who is the one who obliterates our real past? Sometimes it is these architects themselves, and some of them want to put "their own works" in an advantageous position. 1. Urban builders need knowledge in the field of cultural ecology most. To preserve the necessary cultural heritage of human "spiritual home", Platonic love for the motherland is not enough, and this love should be real. 11. For this reason, not only local knowledge but also deeper knowledge is needed, and these

knowledge come together to form a special discipline-cultural ecology.