1. In the beginning, human beings are inherently good. Similar in nature, but far apart in habits.

Explanation: When a person is born, his nature itself is kind. They are all similar in nature. It is only the different environment and education they received that lead to huge differences in their habits.

2. The order of elders and younger ones, friends and friends. The king is respectful and the minister is loyal.

Interpretation: When an older person interacts with a younger person, they should pay attention to the order of superiority and inferiority; when friends get along, they should keep each other's trust. If the monarch respects his ministers, the officials will be loyal to him.

3. Those who read history should examine the actual records. Through the past and present, it is like seeing with your own eyes.

Interpretation: People who read history should go further and read historical materials to understand the causes and consequences of events in the past and present, as if they had seen it with their own eyes.

4. Cantilevered head, conical spines. He doesn't teach, he works hard on his own.

Explanation: Sun Jing of the Jin Dynasty tied his hair to the roof beam when he was studying to avoid dozing off. During the Warring States Period, Su Qin used an awl to prick his thighs whenever he was tired while studying. They did not need supervision from others and consciously studied diligently.

5. Silkworms spin silk and bees make honey. If a person does not learn, he is inferior to things.

Interpretation: Silkworms spin silk for us to make clothing, and bees can brew honey for people to eat. And if people don't know how to learn and use their own knowledge and skills to realize their own value, they are really inferior to small animals.