Liu Chan was born in an era of smoke and war. His father, Liu Bei, is a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, so he always participated in group disputes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty as a royal family. In 207 AD, Liu Bei's wife, Mrs. Gan, gave birth to a son, named Dou. Due to frequent wars, Liu Chan and his mother were displaced from their childhood with Liu Bei and lived a tense and dangerous life. On one occasion, Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao's elite cavalry. The two-year-old fled with Mrs. Gan and was separated from Liu Bei. Thanks to Zhao Yun (Zhao Zilong), he escaped safely. ?
Liu Bei started from a man who sold shoes and woven mats. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei rose up with Liu Bei and became the two great names of Liu Bei Group. However, Liu Bei is still thirsty for talent. Later, Zhuge Liang was invited to assist him, and his influence expanded, gradually occupying Jingzhou and Yizhou, gaining Woye's "land of abundance" and sharing the world with Sun Quan and Cao Cao. ?
In April of 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, established the Shu-Han regime, established the title of Zhangwu, and made Liu Chan, who was then 15 years old, the crown prince. Soon, he married the daughter of general Che Qi and Liu's younger brother Zhang Fei. ? In February of AD 222 (the second year of Zhangwu), the alliance between Wu and Shu broke down because the general Lu Meng of Soochow attacked Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu. Liu Bei led an army to attack Dongwu, and the two sides fought in Xiaoting (now Yidu North, Hubei Province). Lu Xun, the general of Dongwu, adopted the method of fire attack. Liu Bei was defeated, leaving a large number of ships, equipment and military resources, and only led some people to flee back to Baidi City. ?
In 223 AD (the third year of Zhangwu), Liu Bei was seriously ill in Baidicheng, and sent someone to Chengdu to invite Prime Minister Zhuge Liang to Baidicheng to listen to him arrange the affairs. He entrusted the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang to assist Liu Yuxin and educate Liu Chan. If he can become a monarch, he will establish a monarch. If not, he can replace him. Liu Bei also left a will for Liu Chan, saying, "People die when they are 50 years old, and it cannot be said that they died young. I have lived for more than 60 years and have nothing to regret. I just care about your brother. You must work hard! Don't do bad things just because you are young, and don't do good things just because you are young! Only kindness and virtue can convince people. You and the Prime Minister handle government affairs together and treat him like a father. " Soon, Liu Bei died of illness. With the help of Zhuge Liang and Li Yan, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne. History is called Queen Liu, but it was renamed "Jianxing". Wu Zetian is called the Empress Dowager, his wife Zhang is the Empress, Zhuge Liang is the marquis of Wuxiang, and the Prime Minister and Yizhou Pastor. Liu Chan did not forget the last wish of the late emperor, and respected and obeyed Zhuge Liang as his father. State affairs and small matters depend entirely on Zhuge Liang. ?
Shortly after Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, there was a rebellion in the southwest. Lv Yong, the landlord of Yizhou (now Jinning, Yunnan), used Liu Bei's death and Liu Chan's succession to launch an armed rebellion. Zhuge Liang adopted the policy of "caring without asking", hoping to solve the problem by peaceful means. At the same time, Zhuge Liang remonstrated with Liu Chan and said, "We have defeated Wu Xin, and our national strength has not been fully restored. It is impossible to win the counter-insurgency for a while. Now we can get back together with Wu, and at the same time step up internal adjustment and expand our strength. When the time is ripe, we will conquer the southwest. " Zhuge Liang also recommended Deng Zhi to Liu Chan as an ambassador to Wu Dong. Liu Chan accepted Zhuge Liang's suggestion and sent Deng Zhi to Wu Dong, thus unifying the two countries. ?
In 225, when the Wu-Shu alliance was restored and the internal situation was rectified and stabilized, Zhuge Liang decided to send troops against the southwest. Liu Chan agreed to Zhuge Liang's sending troops south, and personally led the minister to see Zhuge Liang off. In March 225, Zhuge Liang attacked the rebels in South China in three ways. Based on the principle of "harmony without difference", he adopted Ma Su's "siege first, then siege; The proposal of "psychological warfare is the highest and military warfare is the lowest" has quelled the rebellion of ethnic minorities in southwest China and relieved the worries of Shu Han. ?
Liu Chan is mediocre and incompetent. After he succeeded to the throne, he relied on Zhuge Liang for everything. Zhuge Liang knew that although Liu Chan was studious, he didn't have Liu Bei's indomitable spirit, broad-minded quality and ambition. If he can't help Liu Chan accomplish the great cause of unifying the world in his lifetime, Qin Shihuang's last wish will never come true. At this time, the Wu-Shu alliance has been restored, the rebellion in South China has been pacified, and worries have been lifted. Moreover, in 226 AD, Emperor Xelloss of Wei Wendi died. His son, Cao Rui, succeeded to the throne, and the political situation changed, so it was necessary to stabilize internal rule. Zhuge Liang thought it was a good opportunity for the Northern Expedition. Therefore, in 227 AD, he wrote a letter to Liu Chan, entitled "Example". Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation at that time and decided to start the northern expedition to Cao Wei in order to realize the great cause of reunification. After leaving Chengdu, he also made careful arrangements for palace affairs and palace affairs. He recommended Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, Jiang Wan, Xiang Chong and other civil servants and military commanders with both ability and political integrity to Liu Chan, and asked Liu Chan to "be a good minister and stay away from villains" and accept words of loyalty. Deeply moved by Zhuge Liang's letter, he wrote a letter to punish Wei according to Zhuge Liang's words and granted Zhuge Liang the power to make his own decisions. In the following years, Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan and attacked Wei, all of which failed. ?
During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, the major events in the DPRK were handled by Jiang Wan, Fei Yi and Dong Yun, and Liu Chan himself was happy to be at leisure and didn't have to worry about state affairs. ?
In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang fell ill in Wuzhangyuan Army at the front of the Northern Expedition, and his condition became more and more serious. When Liu Chan got the news, he was like thunder, as if he was ill, and he felt very scared and uneasy. In the 1 1 years since he ascended the throne, Prime Minister Zhuge Liang has been in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs for him, and he never has to worry about state affairs. Zhuge Liang controls state affairs and gives orders. You don't have to worry about the rise and fall of the country. Now the Prime Minister is so ill, like a huge pillar about to fall. What can I do in the future? Li Fu, one of the officials directly responsible for government decrees to the emperor, rushed to Zhang Wu, Liu Chan to visit the former military camp and asked about the country's future plans. After Li Fu left the front line to report the illness of Prime Minister Liu Chan, he returned to Wuzhangyuan to ask about the arrangement of affairs behind the Prime Minister. When Zhuge Liang saw Li Fu coming back, he made clear his purpose and said, "The person you want to ask is Jiang Wan." Li Fu asked who could succeed Jiang Wan, and Zhuge Liang said, "Fei Yi can succeed him." . When Li Fu asked his successor again, Zhuge Liang stopped answering. This autumn, the bad news of Zhuge Liang's death finally came, and Liu Chan put up with it.
Grief, in the face of such a complicated situation, his mind is a mess, but fortunately, Jiang Wan, Dong Yun and others supported the overall situation and handled political affairs, making the court all in order. ?
According to the arrangement and recommendation of the Prime Minister, Liu Chan appointed Wu Yi as the cycling general, Jiang Wan as the official secretary, Yang Yi as the middle strategist, Fei Heng as the post-strategist, and Jiang Wei as the right supervisor and assistant Han general. Especially Jiang Wan, loyal and reliable. He carried out the policies formulated by Zhuge Liang before his death, protected the country and benefited the people at home, and maintained a good alliance with Soochow abroad, which won Liu Chan's reuse and trust. ?
In the summer of 236 AD, when Liu Chan saw that the whole country was peaceful, he went out to watch the scenery and lingered. It took 1 10 days to get home satisfied. At this moment Liu Chan has a feeling; He has grown up and can have his own thoughts, so he began to feel that his court band is not stylish enough, and the ladies and concubines in the harem are not satisfactory. Therefore, Liu Chan's plan was opposed by veteran Dong Yun, and Dong Yun dared to speak out. He said that all emperors ruined the country because of debauchery. Only when they are prepared for danger in times of peace can they make contributions in danger and realize the will of the first emperor. Liu Chan was unhappy with the blunt warnings of these veterans. At this moment, eunuch Huang Hao gradually gained his trust. Liu Chan, who knew nothing about military affairs, was more confused, weak and indifferent to state affairs. Huang Hao is good at courting the emperor. In order to win the favor of Liu Chan, he played politics by hook or by crook. At first, he obeyed Liu Chan, which made Liu Chan feel satisfied and happy to be emperor. However, before the death of Jiang Wan and Qi Fei, Huang Hao was not reused. After Dong Yun's death, Huang Hao colluded with Chen Zuo, the lieutenant, and began to go into politics. Huang Hao was promoted to Zhong Changshi and Che Feng Dewey. Chang Shi is the emperor's attendant, conveying the emperor's imperial edicts, taking care of documents and accompanying the emperor on the bus. Huang Hao has two jobs. When he goes out, he serves the car. If you enter, you will serve the left and right sides and become the emperor's confidant. By 258, he was in complete control of state affairs. ?
Liu Chan's brother Liu Yong is very dissatisfied with the rise of Huang Zu. Wei Hou often speaks ill of Liu Yong in front of Liu Chan. Finally, Liu Chan arranged Liu Yong to be an official in other places. Jiang Wei is Zhuge Liang's military heir, and he can't stand Liu Chan's growing trust in Huang Hao. He confided to Liu Chan: "It is not uncommon for eunuchs to be too powerful and perish. Your Majesty uses the villain Huang Hao so much that the country will be destroyed in his hands. We should kill him to set the record straight. " Liu Chan didn't agree. He said, "What is Huang Hao? Just a driven little minister. I was surprised that Dong Yun hated him and denounced him to his face. Why do you care about him today? " Jiang Wei saw more and more followers of Huang Zu in the ruling and opposition parties and the palace, while Liu Chan was so ignorant. He has no foundation in Shu Han, and he has some doubts in his heart. Worried about being killed, he asked to lead the troops to war, often staying in the stack (now southeast Qinghai) and afraid to go back to Chengdu. ?
At first, Liu Chan was obedient to Huang Hao. When Huang Hao's influence grew and Liu Chan trusted him more and more, Liu Chan obeyed him. At this moment, Wei was reorganizing the military forces, waiting for an opportunity to destroy Shu, attack Wu and unify the whole country. In 262 AD, Si Mazhao appointed Zhong Hui as the general of Zhenxi, preparing to attack Shu. Jiang Wei said to Liu Chan, "I heard that Zhong Hui is in charge of the Guanzhong army and intends to March into Shu Han. Zhang Yi was also ordered to guard Yangpingguan and Liao Hua to guard the bridgehead of Yin Ping (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province) in case of Wei Jun. " Consult with. Huang Hao hated Jiang Wei for a long time, and was looking for an opportunity to take revenge and seize his military power. He said to Liu Chan, "Jiang Wei is proud of his merits. I've always wanted to show my talent in the war, not for your country. This time he is creating an atmosphere of war and wants you to be prepared for many battles! " So he took Liu Chan to ask God for advice, and the result came true: Wei Jun would not attack Shu. Liu Chan listened to his words, put Jiang Wei's reflections and suggestions aside and didn't tell his ministers. On the contrary, he still revels in the palace, singing and dancing, and playing day and night. ?
In 263 AD, Si Mazhao of Wei sent three armies to attack Shu, and Wargo led more than 30,000 people to attack Jiang Wei from Didao (now Lintao, Gansu). Zhuge Xu, the governor of Yongzhou, commanded more than 30 thousand people to attack the bridgehead near Yin Ping from Qishan, cutting off Jiang Wei's posterior road; General Zhong Hui of Zhenxi led more than 100,000 main forces to advance from Gu Jie, Ziwu Valley and other places, and took Hanzhong directly. Wargo, the general of Wei Dynasty, was resourceful and led his troops to attack Shu by road, which matched Chengdu and Enemy at the Gates. ?
The sudden arrival of Wei Jun put Shu Han in a dilemma. At this time, Liu Chan woke up like a dream, and quickly called ministers for advice. Some people think that lieutenants should flee to the south, and then fight back with the soldiers from the south; Liu Chan was advised to go to Wu Dong for the future; Dr. Qiao Zhou of Guanglu disagreed with the above two opinions. He said: "People who have never defected to other countries as emperors since ancient times will inevitably submit to Dongwu. Judging from the current situation, it is obvious that Wei is powerful and can annex Wu, but Wu cannot annex Wei. It is better to surrender to Wei now than to surrender to Wu, so as not to be humiliated later. As for withdrawing from South China, we should make arrangements early. Now that the enemy is near, people's hearts are unstable. Once the car goes south, I'm afraid something unexpected will happen, let alone arrive in South China. Even in Nanzhong, all the expenses needed to defend the enemy from the outside and internally are imposed on foreigners, which will inevitably lead to foreign rebellion. " Qiao Zhou went on to say, "Your Majesty, I think there is only one way to go now, and that is to open the door and offer the city to Wei; Your majesty's surrender to Wei can save your life and get a bag, and you can also have a prosperous position. Now that Wei Bing is under siege, I hope your Majesty can make a decision as soon as possible. " After repeated persuasion by Qiao Zhou, he finally decided to surrender to Wei. At this time, Liu Chan's son, King Liu Chen of the North, tried his best to oppose surrender. He said to Liu Chan, "Your Majesty should call on everyone to attack the city and die for the country together, so that they can face the first emperor. How can you listen to the nonsense of corrupt literati and destroy the foundation created by the first emperor? " Liu Chan wouldn't listen and accused his son. Liu Chen doesn't want to see Liu's country collapse. On the day when Liu Chan opened the door to greet Wei Jun, he took his wife and children to the tomb of Emperor Liu Bei of Zhaolie and wept bitterly. After that, he killed his wife and children and committed suicide, and the whole family was martyred. ? Liu Chan led more than 60 princes and princes' princes. According to the surrender ceremony of the ancient monarch, people tied their hands behind their backs and carried coffins to surrender to Wargo's army. When Wargo saw this scene, he quickly untied Liu Chan and burned the coffin in public to show his acceptance. According to Wargo's orders, Liu Chan also sent people to the front to order Jiang Wei and others to surrender. Jiang Wei and others were outraged by the order, but at this time they had no choice but to surrender to General Zhong Hui of Wei before the war. ?
In March, he was ordered to move his family to Luoyang, the capital of Wei, and named him an Le Gong. Wei also made more than 50 of his descendants and old ministers as Hou, in order to win the hearts of the people and stabilize the situation in Shu and Han. Liu Chan thinks this is his grace, and he is very grateful. ?
Once, a banquet was held to entertain musicians and invited them to perform songs and dances in the middle of Sichuan. The old ministers of Shu and Han were all saddened by the national subjugation. Only Liu Chan hee hee smiled and watched with relish. Seeing that Liu Chan was so insensitive and indifferent, Si Mazhao said to his minister Jia Chong, "People are heartless, even this one. Although Zhuge Liang is here, he can't help for long, let alone Jiang Wei! " Jia Chong said meaningfully, "If it weren't for him, how could you win today, your highness?" After a long silence, I asked, "Do you miss Shu?" ? Liu Chan replied, "I'm happy here, but I don't want to be comfortable." Visible, Liu Chan fatuous to what extent. For the answer, Ying, who stood by, felt that it was indecent, so he got up and changed his clothes around him and said to him, "If King Sima Wen asks you if you miss Shu again, you can tell him with tears, your ancestors' graves are in Shu, how can I not miss them?" ? After Liu Chan returned to his seat, Si Mazhao did raise the same question again. Liu Chan repeated what he had just taught him. After that, he tried to squeeze out some tears, but he couldn't. He had to close his eyes and pretend to be sad. When Si Mazhao saw it, he knew quite well and cried with surprise: "What you said is the same as what you just said!" Liu Chan opened his eyes wide with fear and said, "That's how I learned." . And the ministers of Wei couldn't help laughing. ?
Si Mazhao saw that Liu Chan was really a stupid and incompetent character, and there was no harm in staying, so he didn't kill him and let him live in Luoyang. Liu Chan is very grateful to himself. Since then, no one has advised him to sharpen his will, no one has forgotten the last wish of the first emperor to unify the world, and no one has interfered with his indulgence. He soon got used to the life of a priest and forgot everything in his old country and the past. ?
In 27 1 year, he fell to Wei for eight years and died at the age of 65.
In fact, I personally think that Zhao Yun should not rescue this fatuous and incompetent person in Nagano! ! !
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