"Recently, we at "Dream Renovation Car" are restoring our own limited edition 911 Turbo S, and are preparing to record the entire process and present it in the form of pictures, texts and videos. Please stay tuned. . However, in order to allow readers to have a clearer understanding of the Porsche 911 model, before the final content is released, we have prepared relevant content such as 911 history and model introduction for you to understand today. An article - the history of 911. "
The first generation of 911
Code name: 901/F-series
Time: 1963-1973
Price: US$6,490 (1964 model? 901)
Use 2.0L displacement to open a new era of sports cars
We are familiar with the 86, BRZ, MX-5, etc. Small sports cars are not actually the beginning of 2.0L sports cars.
Ferry, the father of the 911, once said that the reason why he created the Porsche 911 was because there was no car on the market that could meet his needs at that time, and his Dream Car was actually simply It looks like a sports car that looks just right in every aspect.
The 1960s, when 911 was born, was the era of recovery from the quiet period after World War II and the pursuit of passion.
The sports car market at that time included both the extremely capable Lamborghini Miura (4.0L V12 380 horsepower) and the Maserati Ghibli Spyder (4.7L V8 335 horses), the irritable Americans even used the 7.0L displacement directly on the Ford GT?40.
These models are actually not reasonable enough in Feili’s opinion.
The blind pursuit of data performance cannot bring about the ultimate driving experience. Sacrificing experience for the pursuit of data is not the sports car Ferry had in mind. Therefore, the 2.0L 911 was born in 1963.
Although the 911's engine looks a bit "shabby" compared to Ferrari, Lamborghini and other manufacturers, in fact, in terms of displacement and number of cylinders, the 911 is significantly larger than its predecessor, the 356. improvement.
1.1L becomes 2.0L, and four-cylinder becomes six-cylinder. What remains unchanged is the horizontally opposed engine and the concepts of lightweight and streamlined car building, and these, the essence of the 911, have continued to this day.
Second generation 911
Codename: G-series
Time: 1973-1989
Price: $14,995 (1977 model ?911?S)
U.S. regulations create a safe 911
In fact, many new technologies have appeared on this generation of 911. For example, the displacement of the basic version of Carrera has increased from 2.0L to 3.2L, today's idol models such as Turbo and Speedster also appeared. But to be honest, these things are basically the normal development rules of automobiles. What impresses me most about the development of 911 to G-series is the power of American automobile safety regulations.
From the birth of the first-generation 901 Targa model to the emergence of front and rear bumpers with rubber expansion joints, it is actually all due to the strict requirements for automobile safety in the United States.
The birth of Targa is Porsche’s most pragmatic response to the United States’ belief that “open top means unsafe”. It uses a 20cm wide roll cage at the B-pillar and a removable roof and rear to make the United States agree. Convertibles are also safe; the front and rear bumpers with rubber expansion joints are in response to the US requirement that all new cars can withstand collisions without being injured when moving forward and reversing at a speed of 8km/h, and this kind of bumpers With the existence of it, it can be compressed by 50mm without causing any damage to the main parts of the car. It’s worth mentioning that this kind of bumper is only standard on the American version of the 911.
Think about the current reduction in safety configurations of some models for the Chinese market. As the world's largest auto market, why is the gap so big?
The third generation 911
Codename: 964
Time: 1988-1994
Price: $65,000 (1989 964)
The advent of the four-wheel drive system is a real generation change
Before the arrival of the 964, although the 911 had gone through two generations of model changes in its 25-year history, because F-series and G-series have too many overlaps without any qualitative changes. This directly leads to the official failure to give G-series a specific and accurate numerical code name. So in a strict sense, 964 can be regarded as the first real generation replacement in the history of 911.
In terms of exterior design, the 964 does not have many changes compared to previous models, but under the seemingly familiar body, 85% of the parts of the 964 have been redesigned and developed.
The four-wheel drive system applied to the 911 model for the first time is derived from the technology of the 959.
Although it is the first time to adopt it, Porsche, which has always made a big impact without making a big splash, has a four-wheel drive system that uses electronic control and hydraulic devices to distribute power to each wheel. It was ahead of its time.
The arrival of the four-wheel drive system not only brought about the Carrera 4 model, but also paved the way for the emergence of the idol product Turbo S. Even if the driving skills are not up to par, Consumers can also enjoy the ultimate driving pleasure brought by 911.
In addition, starting from 964, 911 began to use the Tiptronic automatic transmission from Mercedes-Benz until the arrival of PDK.
The fourth generation 911
Codename: 993
Time: 1993-1998
Price: US$38,000 (1995 993)
The end of air-cooling, an eternal classic
This may be the favorite model of die-hard Porsche fans around the world.
In terms of appearance, 993 not only retains the most essential DNA round lights and side streamlines of 911, but also reinterprets the rest of the body. For example, it adopts a natural curve design and integrated bumpers, windows that are flush with the body and a wide rear with angled taillights. Later it turned out that such design changes were very successful.
The emergence and upgrade of the LSA aluminum chassis has strengthened the 911's position in the sports car field. Its comprehensive lightweight structure brings greater stability and flexibility. This kind of chassis foundation is combined with stronger power performance. On the Turbo's track version GT2, it can already achieve an output of 450 horsepower and a 0-100km/h time of 4.1 seconds.
Of course, the reason why many Porsche fans around the world collect 993 is because it is the end of the air-cooled era of 911. It is the last generation of 911 equipped with a classic air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine. The 911 uses the 6MT gearbox with excellent feel for the first time, and is also the best representative of the air-cooled era in automotive history.
Fifth generation 911
Codename: 996
Time: 1997-2005
Price: US$85,295 (2000 model 996)
The beginning of water cooling, the beginning of the future
Maybe it is inspired by the changes brought about by 993, or maybe it is determined to bring a brand new 911 to car fans around the world , Porsche made more radical improvements on the 996 than on the 993, not only using a newly developed water-cooled engine, but also almost rewriting the most classic design.
The new engine gives full play to the advantages of water cooling. The 24-valve 3.4L self-priming engine can already produce a power output of 300 horsepower comparable to the Turbo? 3.3. After this model in the mid-term, the 3.6L engine has increased even more At 320 or even 345 horsepower.
In addition, there is an epoch-making system on the 996 - the Porsche carbon ceramic brake system PCCB. Its appearance not only makes it 50% lighter than steel brake discs, but also has A service life of up to 300,000 kilometers.
The 911 GT3, which now represents the purest driving pleasure of Porsche, also started to appear in 996.
However, the reason why 996 can hardly be called a classic with so many features is that the exterior design that has lost the essence of 911 must be to blame.
Sixth-generation 911
Codename: 997
Time: 2004-2012
Price: $79,236 (2007 Carrera? S)
Comprehensive personalized options
The reason why 911 has attracted so many fans is its wide range of personalized options.
For other brands of models, you can only agree with the manufacturer's choice, there is no other way. As for the 911, as long as you agree with the exterior design of the 911, everything else is easy to say.
In the 997 generation, Porsche has as many as 24 different models in model selection alone. From Coupé to Targa, convertible Cabriolet or Speedster, rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive, standard or wide body, naturally aspirated or turbocharged engines, GTS, GT3, GT3 RS, GT2, GT2 RS, there is nothing you can’t think of, there is nothing 911 cannot do.
In terms of technology, the mid-term facelift of the 997.2 replaced the Tiptronic with a PDK dual-clutch gearbox, opening up the myth of PDK’s infinite ejection; in-cylinder direct injection and variable geometry turbochargers made the Turbo The power output reaches 500 horsepower, and even reaches 530 horsepower on the Turbo? S; and the GT2 model has reached the pinnacle of turbocharging at the time. The rear-wheel drive has 620 horsepower, which directly left it at the Nürburgring. An impressive record of 7 minutes and 18 seconds (the fastest production car currently is Lamborghini Avantador SVJ at 6 minutes, 44 seconds and 97 seconds, followed closely by the 991.2 GT2 RS at 6 minutes, 47 seconds and 3 seconds).
Of course, for 911 fans, I think the most surprising thing about this generation is definitely not these. It is that after the failure of a generation of models, Porsche finally brought back the appearance of the 911. ?
The seventh-generation 911
Codename: 991
Time: 2011-2019
Price: $104,395 (2014 Carrera ?S)
Millions, Frog King, Turbo
In the last chapter of this 911 history, I choose to use “millions”, “frog king” and “turbo” "These three words explain 991.
"Million" refers to the most important special car model of this generation - the first one that rolled off the production line in Zuffenhausen on May 11, 2017 One million 911s. This commemorative model with a classic Irish green appearance has 450 horsepower and is currently collected by Porsche. Of course, the collection is not just for display in museums, it will appear on parade at various major Porsche events. If I remember correctly, this 911 should have been to all continents except Antarctica by now.
"Frog King" naturally refers to 911 GT2 RS. As the flagship model of 911, it has an incredible 700 horsepower and a top speed of over 340km/h, making it the fastest 911 in history. After its release, it couldn’t help but go straight to New York and broke the record at the time. Production car record. It's just that Rambo next door didn't show any respect, and it didn't take long for him to use SVJ to defeat him again.
"Turbine" is simpler and has no other meaning. It is the turbine in the turbine engine. Since then (991.2), the 911 Turbo is no longer alone. All Carrera series are turbocharged. Although it seems a pity not to have self-priming, the slowest 911 can also break 100km/h in 4 seconds. What kind of bike do you need? Of course, the comprehensive personalization options mentioned in the 997 are still not invalidated, because if you still want self-priming, you can look at the GT3. Boasting the largest 4.0L displacement in the history of a 911, the self-primed car has 520 horsepower, which is enough for fun. Moreover, the GT3 is the 911 road model that uses the most racing technology.
This concludes the historical review of 911. You may have questions, why is there no 992?
This is a historical chapter, a review.
992, belongs to the present and the future, what is needed is understanding and outlook, and of course, if you are lucky, you can buy it. So, if you want to know more about 992 and 911, please continue to follow us.
This article comes from the author of Autohome Chejiahao and does not represent the views and positions of Autohome.