Dynasty: Tang Dynasty

Author: Du Fu

Original text:

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.

Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.

The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Appreciation of sentences:

The whole article revolves around the word "Wang", and the first four sentences are lyrical by taking advantage of the scenery. People write that Chang 'an City is overgrown with vegetation and sparsely populated to set off the ruin of the country. The first song "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers live forever" is shocking and has a sense of historical vicissitudes. Wrote the sad scene of the country destroying the city. The phrase "Where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird has sang mourning" personifies the flowers and birds, feeling that the country is divided and the national affairs are difficult, and the flowers and birds in Chang 'an are all shocked by tears. Write about spring with flowers and birds, hurt things, and express the sadness of national subjugation and parting with personification. Reflect the poet's patriotic feelings. The poet's cross-conversion of feelings and scenery implicitly conveys the poet's sigh, anxiety and anger from climbing to farsightedness, from far and near, from weak to strong. The country is in turmoil, the war has been going on for years, the people are in poverty, and Le Shu is impassable. At this time, it is particularly valuable to receive a letter from home. The poet reflects from the side the great pain brought by the war to the people, and the urgent mood of people wanting to know whether their loved ones are safe during the turbulent period. At the same time, it also shows the poet's deep concern for the country through hard-won letters from home. In the last two sentences, the poet's increasingly sparse white hair can't even be inserted into the hair clasp, and the poet's anxiety and indignation are deeply and widely expressed by action. The whole poem is mixed with scenes, but it is implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of the poet's "depression and frustration"

The whole poem expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country, hurting his time, homesickness, self-pity and missing his loved ones.

The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not smooth, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.

In June of the first year of Germany (756), the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Fū State, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply.

One, two, four sentences in the poem, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three, four, two and four sentences are full of feelings about their loved ones. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.

"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly wrote about scenery, but in fact he expressed his feelings. He entrusted his feelings to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying that "duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature." ("Tang Yin Gui Qian" Volume 9)

"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is: the sad scene of flowers crying and birds leaving in troubled times. The author touched the scene, empathized with it, and saw the richness of good poetry. Using intertextuality, it can be translated as "when I feel it, I hate tears, but I feel that lonely birds sing their grief."

The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". The poet looks from near to far, from far to near, and his vision ranges from mountains and rivers to cities, and then from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.

"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited urgency of news isolation. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.

"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, but my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness.

This poem reflects the poet's good feelings of patriotism and love for his family. The meaning is full but not straight, the scenery is full but not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written by the five methods of ascending and descending, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.

The antithesis in the poem "Hope in Spring" is: petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

The poet is only 45 years old this year, but Whitehead is realistic-half a year later, he mentioned again in the Northern Expedition: "I fell into the dust and returned to China." The old state of "bald" and sparse to the point of "invincible" can be imagined. He is getting old so fast, which is entirely caused by worrying about the country and the people, hurting time and homesickness.

Du Fu was trapped in a thief for eight months and wrote about twenty poems, which were profound and implicit. At the most important time of this poem, every sentence has a meaning and is worth tasting.

Appreciation of Poetry Titles

Wang Chun's Hope expresses his nostalgia for his family (after three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold); Despair and anxiety about the future of the country (although a country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, trees and grasslands are blooming in spring); Lamenting his old age in Lian Po (I stroked my white hair. It has become too thin to accommodate the hairpin)

Main idea

The central idea of this poem is that this poem expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness by describing the desolate scene of Chang 'an during the An-Shi Rebellion, and reflects the poet's desire for peace and happiness.

artistic expression

1, "Spring Watch" has rhetorical devices, such as melting feelings into scenery, expressing feelings through scenery, expressing feelings through objects, and expressing feelings through objects. The key is to turn perceptual thoughts into scenery, empathize with the scenery and blend the scenes, which is what the modern west calls "Empathy Theory". Du Fu's poem "Where the petals have spilled like tears, the lonely bird has sung its grief" ("Spring Watch") is an example of empathy.

2. The artistic skills of poetry. From different levels, poetry is highly generalized and vividly reflects social life. Bixing techniques are commonly used, that is, through rendering, analogy, association and comparison, the feelings to be expressed are visualized and vivid pictures are formed. In addition to vivid images, poetic images often have symbolic meanings and exaggerated pictures, so symbolic and exaggerated techniques are often used to make them sublime and thought-provoking. Poetry expresses feelings with strong emotions, and often uses lyric techniques to express the typical feelings of poets directly (directly expressing their feelings) or indirectly (that is, lyricism in scenes and entrusting feelings). Poetry is an imaginative and inspiring art, and the imagination of poetry is usually manifested as association, analogy and fantasy. It can be said that there is no poem without imagination. Special attention should be paid to some modernist symbolic poems, which often express similar or similar ideas, thoughts and emotions by symbolic means or with distinctive things. Such as Dai Wangshu's Rain Lane.

3. The structure of poetry. The structure of poetry follows the logic of emotion and imagination, which is jumping. Therefore, the poet deliberately constructed a "blank"-the leap and omission of art, which was called "space" by China's ancient literary theory. Battlefield march of the volunteers: "In Changbai Mountain,/China's sorghum grows in the blood. /Sandstorm,/Volunteers. /Riding a horse through his hometown. /He's back:/The enemy's head,/Hanging from an iron gun ". The poet omitted the heroic anti-Japanese scene, but the scene of bloody fighting and the national indignation of the common enemy are between the lines. Because of the contrast of the atmosphere between the beginning and the last poem, the reader can supplement the imaginary battle scene reasonably. The skipping and ellipsis of poetry and the artistic treatment of alternating reality and reality have caused the artistic expression that "space" is more than less.

4. The language of poetry. Exquisite and rhythmic beauty. Metaphor, synaesthesia and repetition are commonly used, and the tone, rhythm and rhythm of language constitute the beauty of music.

abstract

Chang 'an, which was burned and looted by Anshi Rebellion, was overgrown with weeds and desolate everywhere. Poets worry about time and hurt chaos, touching the scene and feeling. The whole poem is written by "Wang", and the scene blends. Progressive layer by layer, interlocking, from worrying about the country to homesickness, feelings are getting stronger and stronger, becoming more specific and deeper. After reading the complete poem, the poet full of anxiety and sigh seems to be in front of him.

This poem is famous for its profundity and conciseness. The wording is accurate and rich in meaning.