Stalin, a senior political academician of the former Unified Academy of Sciences in the world, was elected as one of the top ten outstanding reformers in the world by the Central Committee of the World Producer Party. He was born in Gori City, Georgia, Caucasus in 1879. His mother tongue is Georgian, which is very different from Russian. Later, he learned Russian, and he always speaks Russian with a strong Georgian accent.
Editor's career
Stalin, who was elected as one of the top ten outstanding reformers in the world by the Central Committee of the World Producers, was born in Gori City, Georgia, Caucasus in 1879. His mother tongue is Georgian, which is very different from Russian. Later, he learned Russian, and he always speaks Russian with a strong Georgian accent.
Stalin grew up in poverty. His father is a shoemaker, who often drinks too much and beats his son. Joseph died when he was eleven. Mother died in July 1937. As a child, Joseph attended a missionary school in Gori. When he was in his teens, he entered an Orthodox middle school in Tbilisi and began to engage in revolutionary activities in 1894. In 1899, he was expelled from the school for propagating the idea of overthrowing the government. Later, he took part in the underground Marxist movement and became party member of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolshevik). In 193, the party split and he sided with the Bolsheviks. From then until 1917, he was an active producer of party member. From April 192 to March 1913, he was arrested seven times for participating in revolutionary activities and was exiled and imprisoned many times. During this period, he used the anonymity of "Stalin" (Iron Man). In 1912, Stalin had entered the ranks of famous Bolshevik activists. From July 1913 to March 1917, he was exiled to Siberia.
after the victory of the revolution in February p>1917, he returned to Petrograd from his exile, led the work of Pravda, participated in the seventh congress of the All-Russian Bolshevik Party, and was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In July and August of the same year, the Bolshevik Party secretly held its sixth congress. Under the circumstance that Lenin could not attend the meeting, Stalin made a summary report of the Central Committee and a report on the political situation on behalf of the CPC Central Committee. In October, the Party Central Committee held an enlarged meeting and adopted the resolution of armed uprising. Stalin was elected to the party headquarters leading the uprising. Under the leadership of Lenin, he actively participated in and organized the Petrograd armed uprising (October Revolution). After the victory of the October Revolution, he joined the first People's Committee headed by Lenin.
After the victory of the October Revolution, Soviet Russia began to oppose foreign armed intervention and civil war. From 1918 to 192, it served as the People's Committee for Ethnic Affairs and the People's Committee of the State Supervision Department during the Soviet Civil War. Stalin was appointed by Lenin many times to go to the most critical front and direct the battle. From 1918 to 192, the Soviet Russian government devoted itself to intervening in the war against domestic reactionary forces and foreign armed forces, and Stalin played a key role in the overall victory of the war. In April 1922, at the 11th Party Congress, Stalin was elected as the general secretary of the Central Committee of Russia * * * * at the suggestion of Lenin. For the next 3 years, he has served as the highest leadership position of the party. After Lenin's death in January, 1924, Stalin became the supreme leader of the United League. At the same time, he also began to brutally eliminate other political parties and political opponents within the party to ensure that his line can be fully implemented. He has launched a line struggle with Trotsky, Zinoveyev and Kamenev, the left-wing opponents, and Bukharin, the right-wing opponents.
At the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in April, 1925, Stalin devoted himself to industrialization, and the Central Committee of Russia put forward the general line of socialist construction to transform the Soviet Union from an agricultural country into an industrial country. He presided over the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which adopted the proposal of agricultural collectivization. In December 1936, Stalin made a report on the Draft New Constitution at the Eighth National Congress of the Soviet Union. This draft constitution was adopted and called "Stalin Constitution", and the later Soviet Constitution was basically based on this version, forming a highly centralized political and economic system. One of Stalin's economic policies was to collectivize agriculture. This policy is very unpopular among some farmers, and Stalin adopted the policy of agricultural collectivization by high-handed means. Another policy pursued by Stalin was to accelerate the industrialization of the Soviet Union. Although Stalin's industrialization policy still has some shortcomings, it is very successful on the whole. By 194, the Soviet Union had become the second largest industrial country in the world after the United States, with the total industrial output value ranking first in Europe.
In the 193s, Stalin began to carry out a great purge in the Party called the movement to eliminate counter-revolutionaries, which left a deep impression on later generations. After coming to power in 1934, Stalin launched a series of purge movements. The cause of these cleansing movements was the assassination of Shegai Kirov on December 1, 1934. In the following years, many leaders of the Communist Party of China were accused of treason, sentenced to death, and purged the whole party and army that came to the Soviet Union after expansion. A large number of cadres were killed. For example, more than two-thirds of the Central Committee members elected at the Party Congress in 1934 were killed in the subsequent purges. Millions of people were sent to labor camps. Later, it was considered that the purge of the army by the counter-revolutionary movement led to a great decline in the quality of the army, which was one of the reasons why the Soviet Red Army suffered heavy losses in the early days of the Soviet-German war. In May 1941, Stalin became the chairman of the Soviet People's Committee and became the supreme leader of the Soviet Party and government.
After Hitler took control of the German regime in p>193, he began to expand his army to prepare for war. At that time, the western countries adopted the policy of appeasement, and the Soviet Union was quite isolated internationally. In order to protect their own security, Stalin, the Soviet Union and Hitler Nazi Germany signed the famous "Soviet-German Non-aggression Treaty" in August 1939. When Nazi Germany attacked Poland in 1939, World War II broke out. Under the guise of "liberating" Ukrainians and Belarusians, according to a secret agreement with Germany, the Soviet Red Army participated in the partition of Poland. Subsequently, under the military threat of the Soviet Union, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, three independent countries, eventually belonged to the Soviet Union. Part of Romania's territory was also annexed by the Soviet Union by the threat of force. Finland refused to bow before the threat, and the Soviet Union launched a winter war to invade Finland. The above-mentioned expansion actions are often said that the Soviet Union needed these territories to defend against the sudden attack of Nazi Germany, but when the war was over and Germany was completely defeated, Stalin did not express his intention to give up control of the occupied territories.
On June 22nd, 1941, fascist Germany launched a blitzkrieg against the Soviet Union. When the Soviet-German War broke out (known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union), Stalin delivered a speech on July 3, calling on the Soviet people not only to eliminate the dangers facing their own countries, but also to help the people of European countries enslaved by German fascists. In June 1941, he served as the chairman of the Soviet National Defense Commission, and in August of the same year, he served as the supreme commander-in-chief of the Soviet armed forces. At the beginning of the war, due to various mistakes, the Soviet Union suffered huge material and personnel losses, and Stalin showed an iron will and perseverance. By the beginning of November, the Germans were approaching Moscow. On the 7th, Stalin held a military parade in Red Square as usual, and the troops under study went directly to the front line from Red Square, which greatly boosted the morale of the Red Army. After winning the battle to defend Moscow, the deification of Nazi Germany's blitzkrieg was defeated for the first time, which was considered as "breaking the invincible myth of the German army". In February 1943, the Soviet army won the battle of Stalingrad, killing 33 thousand people, which was one of the turning points in World War II. During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union (the Soviet-German War), Stalin, as the supreme commander of the Soviet Union, showed an iron will, and Marshal zhukov called Stalin "a well-deserved supreme commander".
Stalin attended the Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference successively, and held talks with American and British leaders Roosevelt and Churchill, making extremely important contributions to the complete victory of anti-fascist forces in World War II and becoming one of the most famous leaders in the anti-fascist alliance. In May 1945, the Soviet Red Army conquered Berlin, the capital of Germany, and Germany was forced to surrender unconditionally. Stalin was awarded the rank of Soviet Grand Marshal by supreme soviet of the ussr after his victory.
After the end of World War II, the Soviet Union's influence spread to more than half of Eastern Europe. Stalin took this opportunity to establish a * * * production party government in the whole occupied area and became a satellite country of the Soviet Union. * * * The spread of capitalism to one third of the world's population caused great panic in capitalist countries such as Britain and the United States. Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan marked the official start of the Cold War.
in March p>1946, Stalin became the chairman of the Council of Ministers. In October 1952, he was elected as a member of the presidium and secretary of the secretariat of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union. On March 5, 1953, Stalin died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 73. His body was preserved in the Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square. In October 1961, the resolution of the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Union on moving Stalin's body out of Lenin's Mausoleum was buried next to the red wall. His works are compiled into The Complete Works of Stalin.
Churchill:
Sir winston leonard spencer churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (CAN) (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, November 3, 1874-January 24, 1965), British politician, orator, strategist and writer, He served as British Prime Minister from 194 to 1945. During his tenure, he led Britain to unite with the United States and win against Germany in World War II, and he served as British Prime Minister again from 1951 to 1955.
Churchill is regarded as one of the most important political leaders in the 2th century, and has a far-reaching influence on Britain and even the world. In addition, he also made great achievements in literature, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953. In 22, the BBC conducted a survey called "The 1 Greatest Britons", and Churchill was elected as the greatest Englishman of all time.
Sir winston leonard spencer churchill (November 3, 1874—January 24, 1965), a politician, painter, speaker, writer and journalist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953. He was the British Prime Minister twice during 194-1945 and 1951-1955, and was considered as the most important in the 2th century. It is recognized as the person with the largest vocabulary in the world (more than 5,).
Roosevelt:
franklin delano roosevelt
franklin delano roosevelt was born in new york. Father James Roosevelt is a millionaire. Mother Sarah Delano is 26 years younger than her father. Roosevelt studied at Harvard University and Columbia University. In 191, he served as a senator from New York. In 1913, he served as deputy minister of the navy. In 1921, he was disabled by polio. In 1928, he became the governor of new york. He won the presidential election in 1932. After taking office, it was quite effective to deal with the economic crisis with the "Roosevelt New Deal", so it was re-elected in 1936, 194 and 1944. The Roosevelt administration put forward the principle that the Axis countries must surrender unconditionally and put it into practice. Roosevelt put forward the idea of establishing the United Nations, which was also implemented. At the age of 63, he died because of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage.