Basic education must adhere to the simultaneous development of five educations

Basic, in the annotations of "Cihai", its original meaning refers to "the roots of a building", and its metaphorical meaning refers to "things" the root or starting point of development”. "Basic education" is defined in the "Education Dictionary" as: "The education of citizens with basic general cultural knowledge is the education that cultivates the basic qualities of citizens." It generally refers to primary and secondary education.

“Basic education is the foundation project for improving national quality and must be vigorously strengthened.” The full affirmation and prominent emphasis of the "Outline of China's Education Reform and Development" illustrates the important position of basic education in the overall strategy of my country's socialist modernization construction. Years of educational work practice have also made us understand the important status and role of basic education. Our understanding is becoming more and more profound: the primary and secondary school years are the most important stage for laying the foundation for the all-round development of a person's moral character, intelligence, physical fitness and other aspects. Primary and secondary education is responsible for the "dual mission" of delivering qualified freshmen to higher-level schools and cultivating a qualified reserve army of labor for all walks of life.

Fundamentally speaking, basic education lays the foundation for improving the quality of the entire nation and creates hundreds of millions of people with ideals, morality, culture, and discipline for the prosperity and development of our motherland. The builders and successors of the socialist cause have laid the foundation. The quality of this foundation is related to the future and destiny of the party and the country. Educational economist Pusha Karopoulos has summarized many research results on the return of education in the world. Later, it was discovered that the level of education and the number of educated people are closely related to the rate of return of education. Can we conclude that without today's good basic education, there would be no highly developed socialist spiritual civilization and material civilization of the Chinese nation tomorrow.

Article 7 of the "China Education Reform and Development Outline" states: "Primary and secondary schools must shift from 'examination-oriented education' to the track of comprehensively improving national quality, facing all students, and comprehensively improving students' ideological, moral, cultural and scientific , labor skills and physical and mental quality, to promote students' lively development and develop their own characteristics." This passage in the "Outline" puts forward clear school-running requirements for primary and secondary education as basic education: This is correct school-running guidance. Thoughts, comprehensively implement the education policy, shift from "examination-oriented education" to "quality education", face all students, adhere to the five educations simultaneously, and cultivate a new generation of all-round development. To realize the requirements of the "Outline" and achieve the training goals of basic education, we must adhere to the simultaneous development of five educations. In basic education, moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor are indispensable components of "all-round development". Each education They not only have their relative independence and specificity, but are also interconnected and interpenetrated to form a unity.

(1) Moral education is education that enables students to have a firm and correct political direction, socialist ideological awareness and good moral character. Moral education occupies the leading position and plays a guiding and guarantee role in other educations. effect.

(2) Intellectual education is mainly to impart systematic modern cultural and scientific knowledge and develop students’ intelligence. Intellectual education is the basis for all-round development of education, and its systematic knowledge provides scientific basis for other education.

(3) Physical education is an education that enhances students' physical fitness, develops physical strength and athletic ability, and develops physical exercise and hygiene habits. Sports is the material guarantee for the effective implementation of various educations.

(4) Aesthetic education is an education that forms students’ correct aesthetic tastes and concepts, and cultivates the ability to feel beauty, appreciate beauty, and create beauty. Aesthetic education can assist morality, educate, and educate with beauty. The role of using beauty to add skill to a ship is the sublimation of comprehensive development of education.

(5) Labor technical education is an education that organizes students to practice, cultivate labor concepts and labor habits, and initially master the basic knowledge and basic skills of modern production. Labor technical education is an education that promotes education and productive labor, and society It is an important means to combine practice, cultivate the combination of brain and body, and develop new people in an all-round way.

For a long time, especially in recent years, a major problem that has seriously affected the guiding ideology of running primary and secondary schools is the tendency to "unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate." Some people believe that "moral education is empty and physical education is empty." "Yes, aesthetic education is fake, labor and technical education is stupid", only "intellectual education is hard", plus there are some internal problems in education such as educational ideas, entrance examination system, school running model, educational structure and school quality evaluation standards. The problem has led to the tendency to only focus on intellectual education, focus on intellectual education one-sidedly, and ignore other types of education. Some even regard the pursuit of admission rate as the only goal of running a school. As a result, some abnormal phenomena have appeared:

(1) Focus on the few top students who are promising for further studies and abandon the majority of students with average grades;

(2) Increase the teaching weight of examination subjects and cut down the class hours of non-examination subjects;

(3) Carry out overtime teaching and learning, reading in the morning and self-study in the evening, no Sunday holidays, no rest;

(4) Engage in a large number of problem-solving tactics, with constant sampling of various tests, and academic burden heavy. The result of this is: some students' grades have indeed improved temporarily, but most of them have become thinner and their eyesight has deteriorated; their ideological moral character has been lost, and political and current affairs have been forgotten; and their flexibility has deteriorated. , the knowledge horizon is narrowed; personal hobbies are diluted, and individual characteristics are lost.

These phenomena cannot help but arouse our attention. This practice of blindly pursuing the enrollment rate by means such as going against the all-round development policy, going against the nature and tasks of basic education, going against the laws of education, etc. is detrimental to basic education and the healthy growth of the young generation. , the harm caused is not small.

In order to implement the fundamental tasks of basic education and achieve the training goals of basic education, we must fully implement the education policy of the new era and integrate the educational ideas of comprehensive development into all educational and teaching activities of the school to achieve Adhere to the five educations simultaneously. This is a complex and systematic work that requires us to work hard for a long time and do a solid job in all relevant aspects step by step. In the current period, we should focus on the following aspects of work.

(1) Correct the school’s thinking and face the future. We should look at the current basic education work from the strategic perspective of my country's socialist modernization drive. Our current education serves the future and the 21st century. The young people we train now will use their talents at the beginning of the next century. Therefore, we must fully consider the future requirements for talent quality and national quality, base ourselves on the present, face the future, and strive to improve our foundation projects.

(2) Adhere to moral education as the first priority and quality as the basis. Basic education is an education that lays the foundation for the young generation's future life, future development, and future success. Its educational content includes basic knowledge, basic ideas, basic skills, basic behavioral norms, basic moral principles, and basic learning and living habits. Therefore, moral education must be given top priority and the content of moral education should be infiltrated into other types of education to guide students to focus on all-round development and improve their own quality.

(3) Carry out various educational practice activities to develop students’ individual strengths. In addition to classroom teaching, students are organized purposefully and plannedly to carry out a variety of extracurricular and extracurricular practical activities to make up for the shortcomings of classroom teaching, create a broad world for students to develop in an all-round way, and encourage students to develop their personalities, cultivate their specialties, and exercise their abilities. .

(4) Strengthen campus construction and optimize the educational environment. The beautiful and tidy school appearance, well-laid-out campus buildings, harmonious and friendly school atmosphere, harmonious and good teacher-student relationship, etc., all have an edifying and subtle effect on the students that cannot be underestimated, and help to promote students' development. Comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor.