Humble Room Ming expresses the poet's pursuit of the highest moral quality of feudal ethics at that time.

original text

Loushiming

Rachel? Tang dynasty

The mountain is not high, and the fairy is famous. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university. You can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian. There is no confusion, and there is no complicated form. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu. Kong Ziyun: What's wrong?

translate

The mountain is not high, but the immortal will be famous. If the water is not deep, the dragon will have aura. This is a humble house, but I don't feel humble because of my good character. The moss is green and grows on the stage, and the grass is green, which is reflected in the curtain. People who come here to talk and laugh are knowledgeable people. People who come and go are knowledgeable and can play the unpretentious piano and read Buddhist scriptures. No orchestral music disturbs the ears, and no official documents make the body tired. There is Zhuge Liang Caotang in Nanyang and Yangzi Yunting in West Shu. Confucius said: What's so simple about this?

To annotate ...

A humble room: a humble room. Inscription: ancient words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements, called "inscriptions", later became a style. This style generally uses compound sentence, which is neat and catchy.

Be: Yes, the verb.

Name: Names and nouns are used as verbs.

Líng: magical, supernatural.

This is a humble room. Demonstrative pronoun, this, this. Yes: affirmative judgment verb. Humble room: Humble room refers to the author's own room.

Wei Wu Dexin (xρn): Just because I have a high moral character, I don't feel humble. Only: only. Wu: I, this is the inscription. Xin: It means nobility to spread the fragrance far away. Shang Chen Shujun: "Millet is not fragrant, but virtue is fragrant." .

The moss marks on the steps are green, and the grass color enters the curtain: the moss marks spread to the steps, making the steps green; The color of grass is reflected on the bamboo curtain, which makes the room look blue. On: grow to; Enter: reflect.

Hongru: A great scholar means a learned person. Hong: As big as Hong. Confucianism used to refer to scholars.

Ding Bai: Civilians. This refers to people with little knowledge.

Play a simple piano. Tone: violin, here refers to playing (piano). Simple piano: A simple piano.

Jin Jing: There is still controversy in academic circles today. Some scholars think it refers to the Buddhist sutra (Diamond Sutra), while others think it is a beautifully bound classic (Four Books and Five Classics). However, the Chinese books of Jiangsu Education Publishing House refer to Buddhist scriptures (Diamond Sutra), while the investigation in Anhui is the latter. Kim: Baby. Gold is precious, which means precious. All the classics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism can be said to be golden classics.

Sishu: Harp, flute and other musical instruments. Silk fingered stringed instruments, bamboo fingered wind instruments. This refers to the sound of playing music.

One: Use structural auxiliary words between subject and predicate to cancel sentence independence.

Ear disorder: disturbing both ears. Confusion: The causative use of adjectives makes ... confused and disturbed.

Case (dú): official document or document.

Fatigue: To make the body tired (verb usage). Old: the use of adjectives is ... tired. Form: form, body.

Nanyang: Place name, now Nanyang City, Henan Province. Before coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang.

Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, a famous politician and strategist, and lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang before leaving office. Yang Xiong: Zi Ziyun, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was born in Chengdu, Shu County. Lu: A humble little house.

Confucius said that classical Chinese generally refers to clouds.

What's wrong with it? That is, "what's the matter" belongs to the prepositional object. Auxiliary words, strong rhetorical questions, signs of preposition objects, not translated.

There is a university question in Talking and Laughing: People who talk and laugh are learned. H: it's very big.

Creation background

The inscription on the humble abode was written in Hezhou (824-826). Record of Liyang: "The humble room, in Zhangzhou, was built by Liu Yuxi, the secretariat of the Tang and Zhou Dynasties, and was inscribed by Liu Gongquan."

The author participated in Wang's "Yongzhen Innovation" and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions. After the failure of innovation, he was demoted to Anhui and Zhou Xian as general. According to the regulations, Tongguan will live in three three-bedroom rooms in the county government. But when I saw the author demoted, I deliberately made things difficult for him. Hezhou county magistrate arranged for him to live in Chengnan River. Instead of complaining, the author is very happy. He also casually wrote two sentences and posted them on the door: "Face the river, look at the white sails, and compete with the state." The magistrate of a county was very angry when he learned that he ordered the staff in the office to move the author's residence from the south gate of the county to the north gate of the county, and the area was reduced from three to one and a half. The new house is by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby, and the environment is OK. The author still didn't care, but looked at the scenery and wrote two sentences on the door: "weeping willows are beside the Qinghe River, and people are in Liyang and their hearts are in Beijing."

The magistrate of a county saw that he was still carefree and indifferent, and sent someone to transfer him to the county center, giving him only a hut with only one bed, one table and one chair. In half a year, the magistrate of a county forced the author to move three times, each time the area was small, and finally it was just a room. The author then angrily wrote this "Humble Room Inscription" and had a stone tablet carved and stood in front of the door.

Make an appreciative comment

This inscription, which is less than 100 words, implicitly shows the author's elegant taste and independent personality. It reveals a truth to people: although the living room is simple and short of material, as long as the owner of the living room is virtuous and full of life, the room will be full of fragrance, elegant and domineering everywhere, and he has a magical spiritual power beyond material.

Some people think that when Liu Yuxi wrote this article, he was in the late stage of relegation, his mood was relatively stable, and he pursued a peaceful and quiet life. At the same time, there are Buddhist scriptures in the text, so the inscription reveals a negative component of avoiding the world and relaxing. This should be analyzed from two aspects: when the society is in a dark period, the literati have two ways out. One is to go along with the decadent forces and indulge themselves. One is to take a step back, as Mencius said, "If you are poor, you will be immune to it" and maintain your integrity and independent personality. In contrast, the latter is more worthy of recognition, and Liu Yuxi chose this road. At the same time, people's life is complicated, with tension and relaxation. We can't sell ourselves short, but sometimes we have to rest and entertain. Therefore, we cannot simply criticize leisure. On the other hand, the inscription also reflects the author's grand ambition. His quotation of Zhugelu and Zi Ting Yun has its special meaning. Zhuge Liang is a politician and Yang Xiong is a writer. These are also the two great ideals of the author's life. In his early years, he was bold and innovative and ambitious. After relegation, he set foot in the literary world and finally became famous as a writer. So there is also a positive and enterprising spirit in the article.

In writing, this article is characterized by clever use of metaphor to express the theme implicitly. The first four sentences are both vivid and auspicious. It is said that mountains and rivers lead to humble rooms, immortals lead to virtue and fragrance, and famous spirits imply that humble rooms are not humble. Taking Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishu as examples, this paper expresses the author's political and literary ideals, and finally quotes Confucius as the conclusion, implying the profound meaning of "a gentleman lives in his place". Secondly, parallelism and antithesis are widely used. Parallelism can create a majestic literary trend, such as the parallelism of the first few sentences, which makes the whole article smooth and establishes the pattern of parallelism style. The antithetical sentences are prone to ups and downs in content, such as the six antithetical sentences in the middle, which are descriptive and narrative, concise and rich in meaning and strong in rhythm. The article also uses rhetorical devices such as substitution and introduction.

In a word, this is a masterpiece with high ideological and artistic quality, so it can be read forever and be widely read.

Brief introduction of the author

Liu Yuxi (772-842), Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in China in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was Luoyang, a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong. He used to be a supervisor and member of the Wang Reform School. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, during which he wrote the famous "Han Shou Chun Wang".