Around 600 BC, in the post-Vedic period, Aryans merged throughout India to form 65,438+06 kingdoms. These sixteen countries are at war with each other every year, a bit like China's Warring States period. But there are also differences. There was a nominal Sunday in China during the Warring States Period, which was a unified regime, while the sixteen Indian countries fought each other as independent small countries. Of the sixteen countries, several are located in the Ganges Plain. It should be noted that in the history of India, the thrones of these small countries have been handed down from generation to generation, but many changes have taken place, such as the killing and replacement of the successor prince, so in many cases, the country is still there and the royal lineage has completely changed.
This is the case with Mojeto. Many families have won the throne of Mojeto, and each family has become a dynasty during its reign. The first dynasty was called Bukotizito dynasty, followed by Borododo dynasty, followed by Huli dynasty, followed by Young Dragon dynasty. In 364 BC, a man named Mahapadmo Nando killed the last emperor of the young dragon dynasty of Mojeto and established the Nando dynasty. According to the Indian caste system, Nando is a person of humble origin. It is said that his father is a ruined prince and his mother is sudra. It is also said that his father is a barber and his mother is a prostitute; There is also a legend, in fact, Nando himself is a low-caste barber, having an affair with the last queen of the Young Dragon Dynasty. They conspired to kill the king and the prince and usurped the political power. In short, we can see that the founders of many dynasties in India are actually people of low caste, and there is a scene of "emperors taking turns to do it".
When he became emperor, Nando did a good job. After the battle and merger, the Nantuo Dynasty almost unified the upper and middle reaches of the Ganges, forming an empire with strong military power and a territory equivalent to half that of India now. In 329 BC, Mahapadmo Nando, who tried his best to seize the throne and expand his territory, passed the throne of Mojeto to his son Dana Nando. This Dana Nando has bad luck. On the one hand, he was particularly cruel and tyrannical to the people under his rule, causing widespread indignation and discontent; On the other hand, a great event happened, which made the whole country panic. In 327 BC, Alexander the Great of Greece came with his army.
Alexander the Great is a tough guy. Only three people in Europe are convinced by everyone, and Alexander the Great is one of them. He was the king of ancient Macedonia and the emperor of Alexandria. During his 13 years as king of Macedonia, he built a huge empire across the vast land of Europe, Asia and Africa, and made unprecedented brilliant achievements. Such an emperor is handsome, agile and energetic. According to historical records, the emperor had fair skin and reddish chest and cheeks. His voice is loud, his hair is thick and curly, he combs back from his forehead, and his nose is tall and straight. He respects women, is studious, kind, persistent, kind and noble. Simply put, he is a perfect person, a legitimate "national husband" today.
Alexander's father was Philip II, king of ancient Macedonia. In the summer of 336 BC, Philip II was assassinated and Alexander, who had just turned 20, succeeded him. After Alexander succeeded to the throne, he immediately carried out political and military reforms with the theme of strengthening monarchical power and weakening the power of clans and nobles. He also took the lead in inventing the "Macedonian phalanx", which quickly made Macedonia a military power. In 333 BC, Alexander defeated Darius Iii again with his famous Macedonian phalanx. In 332 BC, Alexander captured Syria and entered Egypt, calling himself Pharaoh. In 33 1 BC, Alexander defeated the Persian army carefully prepared by Darius Iii again and occupied Babylon. In the spring of 330 BC, Darius Iii fled to Daxia in the north and was killed by the governor of Daxia, Bezos. At this point, the ancient Persian Empire and the Achemani Dynasty perished. The Macedonian army completely conquered all the territories of Persia and established the Alexander Empire across Europe, Asia and Africa.
"If the mountain doesn't come to me, I will go to it", which is Alexander's famous saying. In 327 BC, Alexander began his journey to the East with a great army. There are two roads in front of us when we arrive in Bactria. We will continue eastward into Afghanistan and enter China through the Wakhan Corridor. At this time, China was in the Warring States Period. The other way is to go south through khyber pass and into India. Alexander the Great chose to go south. Unexpectedly, after a short journey of more than 50 kilometers, a vast plain area appeared in front of the emperor, with many small kingdoms he wanted to conquer one by one. Maybe Alexander the Great was lucky. If you enter China eastward, I'm afraid it will be even more difficult to clean up.
At this time, although there were many small countries in India, the most powerful was the tyrannical maharaja kingdom Dananando. If he raises his arms and shouts, all the small countries will respond positively, and all the small countries will obey the princes. However, Dana Nando was cruel to his subjects, but he was helpless to Alexander's army. He didn't take the lead in the war, nor did he unite with other countries. He watched helplessly as the aggressor Alexander the Great defeated those small countries that fought alone one by one. Until 325 BC, Alexander met the kingdom of Boravas and its king Bora who was used to fighting. They have 30,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalry, 300 chariots and 200 war elephants, but in Alexander's view, this strength is not worth mentioning.
King porras took advantage of the local topography and climate change to wage a life-and-death struggle with Alexander, and the king's son also died in the battle. For the famous Macedonian phalanx, King porras smashed it with his 200 war elephants. Finally, due to the disparity in strength, the army of Boravas Kingdom failed and suffered heavy losses, but Alexander's army also suffered heavy losses. Alexander's soldiers were shocked to see the deadly attacks of Indians and the elephants trampled everywhere. What makes them unbearable is rainy weather and unpredictable forests, rivers and swamps. An uneasy atmosphere and negative attitude spread in Alexander's army.
Although King porras was defeated, he didn't chicken out, but bravely led his troops to fight on the battlefield. He didn't let his soldiers leave until the defeat was confirmed. This fighting spirit was admired by Alexander, who was also planning how to control the territory he laid, so he ordered that Paula should not be hurt, received him with high courtesy, gave him more territory and let him continue to be king. Under the appeasement policy of Alexander the Great, the proud King porras surrendered.
But at this time, Alexander's army had no fighting capacity, because many soldiers were tired of fighting. They haven't been home for eight or nine years. Thinking of their comrades who died in the war, they are lucky to be alive now. These soldiers began to mutiny and openly refused to fight. Helpless Alexander had to leave some garrison troops behind and withdraw to Babylon with the army, ending this anticlimactic conquest. Alexander the Great, who was only 33 years old, died of illness shortly after returning to Babylon.
Alexander was right to retreat to Babylon, because when they attacked the king of porras, an uprising army ready to fight with them was attacking everywhere, led by a young man named Chandragupta. If Alexander doesn't withdraw his troops, even if his army doesn't defect, he will face a stronger mojito; Even if he defeats Magadha, there will be other countries and places like Chandragupta waiting for him. Even if the whole of India is captured, he can't rule effectively, because the bad weather and the rebels attacking all over India can't be eliminated.
In 3 17 BC, when Alexander left, Chandragupta led the troops organized by the local people and defeated the troops left by Alexander stationed in the northwest of India. Then Chandragupta led an army into Fahrenheit, the capital of Mojietuo, and with a click, the tyrannical Danananda, the last emperor of Nanda Dynasty, was killed. It overthrew the Nantuo Dynasty and established the Peacock Dynasty, and Chandragupta became the first king of the Peacock Dynasty, calling himself the "King of the Moon".
Alexander's invasion of India ended dramatically. At first, Alexander the Great, as an invader, chose to invade India ambitiously. Finally, anticlimactic, died in a different place, and the first reputation ended in such a muddle, which was really hard. The invaded India was also a panic at first, but every dark cloud has a glimmer of hope, because this invasion has made the first dynasty in Indian history to unify Niu X-the Peacock Dynasty.