according to the historical records, Qian Zi Wen was compiled during the reign of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties (52-549), and its editor was Zhou Xingsi, an assistant minister who was riding a horse in the Liang Dynasty. "History of the Liang Dynasty" said: "Wang Xizhi's book is written in thousands of words, which makes the rhyme of the successor as a text. Play it, call it good, and give it gold and silk. " In the Tang Dynasty, Shangshu Old Facts further narrated this matter. The book said: In order to teach the kings calligraphy, Xiao Yan of Liang Wudi asked Yin Tieshi to develop a thousand different words from Wang Xizhi's works, each with a piece of paper. Then give these out-of-order rubbings to Zhou Xingsi, and let him compose poems with contents. Zhou Xingsi spent the whole night compiling it, and he was so tired that his hair and beard were white. This incident was recorded in the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Liu Gong Jia Hua Lu, Taiping Guang Ji and other books, and its content was basically the same as that in Shangshu Jiu Shi.
every four words, ***25 sentences and 1 words in "Thousand-Character Works". Among them, there is a repeated word, namely "Jie", which appears twice in the text: "Female Mu Zhen Jie" and "Wan Fan Yuan Jie". Some ancient people tried to modify it, such as Wu Fang in the Song Dynasty and Lang Ying in the Ming Dynasty. The whole book is rhymed and catchy, and its rhyming figures are seven.
Qian Zi Wen is fluent, magnificent, flowery and rich in content. However, due to the long time, the content is not easy to understand. Now, according to the statements of Wang Xiaoyin and Sun Qianyi, the content of Thousand Characters is briefly introduced.
The Interpretation of Thousand Characters, compiled by Wang Xiaoyin and annotated by Sun Qianyi, divides the Thousand Characters into four parts, which they call four chapters. From the first sentence "Heaven and Earth are mysterious and yellow" to the thirty-sixth sentence "Lai and Wan Fang" as the first part; From the thirty-seventh sentence "cover your body and hair" to the one hundred and second sentence "a good knight is exhausted" as the second part; From the 13rd sentence "Duyi Huaxia" to the 162nd sentence "Yan Yao Ming" is the third part; The fourth part is from the 163rd sentence "Cure the problem at the root of the problem in agriculture" to the 248th sentence "Foolish and ignorant". Finally, there are two sentences, "Predicate Helper, how is it?", which have no special meaning and are listed separately.
the first part of "Qian Zi Wen" begins with the creation of heaven and earth. With heaven and earth, there will be changes in the sun, moon, stars, clouds and rain, frost and fog and the four seasons of cold and heat; There will be jade, iron (sword), treasures, fruits, vegetables, rivers, lakes and seas, birds swimming in fish; There has also been a change in people and times between heaven and earth. Here, Qian Zi Wen tells the early history of mankind and the performance of Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang in their heyday, that is, "sitting in the morning and asking questions, hanging down the arch and laying flat chapters." Love to educate Li Shou, and I will be prosperous and strong. Far and near, leading the guests to the king. Ming-feng is in the bamboo and white pony food field. The vegetation is dependent on Wanfang. "
The second part of Qian Zi Wen focuses on the narrator's self-cultivation standards and principles, that is, self-cultivation.
It is pointed out that people should be filial to their parents, cherish the body handed down by their parents, "be respectful but bow and raise, not dare to hurt", be a man "change what you have learned", keep your word, keep your innocence and establish a good image and reputation, "The messenger can be answered, but the device is difficult to measure. That's what the following four sentences mean: "the ink is sad and the silk is dyed, and the poem praises the lamb." Then, the article makes a thorough exposition of loyalty, filial piety and people's manners, making friends, fidelity and so on.
The third part of Thousand-Character Works tells all aspects related to governance. This chapter begins with the statement that the capital city is victorious, and tries to describe the magnificence of the capital city. "The palace is gloomy, and the building view is amazing." There are a wealth of classics and a large number of talents in the capital, which is the second meaning of the third part, focusing on describing the luxurious life of the upper class and their literary martial arts. Finally, this part describes the vastness of the country's territory and the beauty of the scenery: "Kyushu is rich in ruins, and hundreds of counties and Qin are merged ... vast and vast, with rocky caves."
The fourth part of "Thousand Characters" mainly describes the quiet rural life, praising those who are willing to be lonely and not fettered by fame and fortune, and yearning for the warm human feelings of the people. Wang Xiaoyin and Sun Qianyi's "Interpretation of Thousand Characters" think that this part is about "a gentleman's way of running a family", which has some truth, but it seems far-fetched, so it is not adopted. The third part of Qian Zi Wen tells about the upper class and the fourth part tells about the folk life, which is clear at the level and does not need to be understood from the perspective of "managing the family" at all.
Compared with "San Bai", Qian Zi Wen basically has no problems such as being repeatedly revised and supplemented by later generations, so its version is clear and its appearance is original, which brings us a lot of convenience in reading.
Appendix:
Thousand-character essay
[Liang] Written by Zhou Xingsi, assistant minister of riding outside the Yuan Dynasty
Heaven and earth are mysterious, the universe is vast, the sun and the moon are full, and the morning stays, and Zhang comes from cold to summer, and goes to the autumn harvest and winter storage
Leaping into adulthood, the rhythm of music and the tune of yang, Yun Teng leads to rain and dew, and the frost is golden, and Lishui jade leaves Kungang.
The giant que bead with the sword number is called luminous fruit Making writing is to wear clothes and push the position to make the country have Yu Taotang
The crime of hanging the people and cutting the people, Zhou Fa Yin Tang, sitting in the court, asking questions, hanging down the arch, loving the education, Fu Rongqiang, the first minister of Li
Leading the guests to return to Wang Mingfeng in the bamboo and white horse food field, and relying on the vegetation and ten thousand parties
Wearing this body, making four great achievements, being respectful, but raising the bow, dare to harm the female Mu Zhenjie, being effective and talented
If you know what you have learned
A poem dyed with ink and sad silk praises the lamb's Jing Xing Wei Xian Ke Nian as a saint's virtue, establishing a name, establishing a form, and standing on the surface.
An empty valley conveys sound, and a virtual hall learns to listen to disasters, because evil accumulates good fortune, and shan qing's ruler is not a treasure, but an inch of yin is a competition.
If you are a father, you should be strict and respectful of filial piety, and you should do your best to be loyal, and you should do your best to do your duty, and you should be diligent, be diligent, I have never learned anything, and I have been promoted to an official position. I am in politics.
I have benefited from going to Gan Tang, singing music, and being humble. I don't want to be humble. My husband and wife sing along with me.
I have been taught by Fu from outside, and my uncles and children are in the same breath as my brothers.
I have made friends and made friends, and I am kind and gentle, and I am afraid of making mistakes. On the back of Beijing, the East and West of China, there is a floating landscape. According to the gloomy view of the Jingjing Palace, it is amazing.
The picture depicts animals and animals painting colors, immortals, houses and houses, and a banquet is set up for the four parties. blowing sheng
Ascending the rank, turning to a suspicious star, right and wide, left and right, reaching Chengming, both collecting tombs and gathering heroes.
Du Gong Zhong Li's lacquer book wall is sealed in eight counties by Fu Luo, Xiang Lu, Xia Huai Qing's household. Inscription on Gong Mao Shi Le
Yi Yin Zuo Shi A Heng Yan Zhai Qu Fu Wei Dan Which camp Huan Gong Kuang He Ji Fu Qing
Qi Hui said that Wu Ding is handsome and dense, so don't be too many scholars, Ning Jin Chu will bully Zhao Wei even more
How can he abide by the contract law? Korea has been punished and used for grazing. Chicheng Kunchi Jieshi Juye Dongting is vast and remote, and it's hard to solve the problem.
The root cause is the agricultural resources, crops and crops, and the cultivation of millet and millet in the south of China. I'm encouraged to appreciate it.
Meng Ke Dun's vegetarian fish is straightforward and modest. Worrying about leisure
I am glad to send Qi Xie Huan to attract the lotus in the calendar garden, plucking the loquat and withering the fleas in the late green sycamore
The Chen Gen Municipal Committee entrusted the fallen leaves to wander and swim alone, and the osprey was eager to read and play in the city.
Easy to wander and fear belongs to the ear wall, and the meals are palatable, full of food, hungry and tired of dregs
. After the banquet, the cup is lifted, the hands are lifted, and the feet are pleasing, and Kang
the direct heirs continue to sacrifice, taste and record, and then worship the horror and fear. The details are brief and detailed.
I want to bathe in the heat, and I hope to cool the donkey and mule calves, jump over and kill the thieves, capture and die.
I want to shoot the pills, and I want to play the piano. P > refers to the salary-training, which leads the pitching gallery temple to wander around and admire
ignorance, ignorance and other predicates help others
Comments:
The Thousand Characters is a connecting work among children's reading materials in ancient China. Its beautiful writing and flowery rhetoric are beyond the reach of any other children's reading.
There have been literacy textbooks specially used for enlightenment in China for a long time. In the Qin Dynasty, there were Cang Jie Pian and Gui Li Pian, while in the Han Dynasty, there were Sima Xiangru's Fan Jiang Pian, Jia Fu's Gu Xi Pian, Cai Yong's Persuasion Pian and Shi You's Urgent Chapter. Although "Urgent Chapter" is a prominent primary school book after "Cang Jie Pian", due to various problems in its circulation, its authority was not as good as before in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and some enlightening books such as "Ting Gu" and "Jiao You" in this period had limited readability. It is against this background that the Thousand-Character Works came out. One "Thousand Characters" is fine in content and beautiful in words, and the other "Thousand Characters" is a royal book with high popularity. Therefore, "Thousand Characters" has gradually become another outstanding children's reading after "Cang Jie Pian". Gu Yanwu said, "When readers suffer from the difficulty of Three Cangs, it is easy to read the Thousand Books. < P > So it has been a constant book for primary school teachers." Qian Zi Wen melts all kinds of knowledge in content, and runs through it with unified thoughts, clear context and refined language, which are lacking in previous books. Its advantages were later absorbed by San Zi Jing, which provided reference experience for the emergence of this excellent children's reading, which can be understood by comparing the two.
after Qian Zi Wen, especially after the Song Dynasty, children's books have emerged in an endless stream, with a large number. These works have made a lot of efforts in popularity and knowledge, and each has its own advantages. However, one of their shortcomings is that their literary talent is slightly inferior. Even works like San Zi Jing also have this problem, and they can't match the literary talent of Qian Zi Wen. Zhang Taiyan once said that there are two shortcomings in comparing San Zi Jing with Qian Zi Wen, that is, "words are repetitive and words are not flowery". Thousand-character Works is a long poem that teaches Mongolian.
In the process of the spread of Thousand-Character Works, the wise monk in Sui and Tang Dynasties played an important role. Zhiyong is the seventh grandson of Wang Xizhi. In 3 years, he copied 8 authentic grass "Thousand Characters" and distributed them to temples in eastern Zhejiang. This move by Zhiyong not only preserved Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art, but also made the Thousand-Character Works widely spread. After Zhiyong, there were many calligraphers who wrote "Thousand-Character Works", among which Huai Su, Song Huizong, Zhao Mengfu and Wen Zhiming were famous. Their works are widely circulated, with different styles and styles, which can be described as thousands of words and have great influence. Undoubtedly, they have greatly promoted the spread of "Thousand Words" among the people, greatly improved the popularity of "Thousand Words" and left these great artistic treasures for the world.
Song Huizong Zhao Ji's cursive thousand-character script is now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum.
Many people read it not only as an enlightenment textbook, but also as an excellent model for learning calligraphy. Up to today, this trend is still enduring.
After the Tang Dynasty, the form of Qianziwen was widely adopted and studied by people, and a large number of works with the name of Qianziwen appeared. For example, Yijing, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, compiled Qianziwen in Sanskrit, Hu Yin, a poet in the Song Dynasty, and Qianziwen in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, there were thousands of words of praise to adults, Lu Cai wrote thousands of words of Lu, Wu Shenglan in the Qing dynasty wrote thousands of words of celebrating the seventieth birthday of the Emperor, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom wrote thousands of words of imperial edicts and so on. These so-called Thousand-Character Works
have different contents, but they are all named as Thousand-Character Works, which shows the great influence of Thousand-Character Works.
Qian Zi Wen had many influences in ancient times. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong in the Song Dynasty, a 4,359-volume Taoist Collection was compiled, which was divided into more than 4 letters. Each letter was numbered according to the order of Thousand Characters, starting with the word "heaven" and ending with the word "palace", so it was called "Taoist Collection in the Heavenly Palace". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, every room in the Gongyuan used for imperial examinations was numbered with "Thousand Characters". "The Scholars" describes for the second time a scene when Zhou entered the provincial capital to visit the Gongyuan, which failed repeatedly: "When he arrived at the Longmen, the owner of the trip pointed out,' Guest Zhou, this is the door where the" xianggong "entered." Entering the door on both sides, the owner pointed out,' This is the Tianzi font, so go in and have a look.' As soon as Zhou Jin entered the number, he saw that the two number plates were neatly placed, and he felt a sour eye. "
In ancient times, some projects that needed to be numbered with larger numbers mostly used" Thousand-Character Works ",which Zhou Xingsi had never expected.
As an influential work, Thousand-Character Works traveled across the ocean very early and spread all over the world. There are not only many versions of Thousand-Character Works in Japan, but also many works with different contents but all in the name of Thousand-Character Works. In 1583, North Korea published "Stone Peak Thousand Characters", which was interpreted and annotated in Korean.
In p>1831, Thousand Characters was translated into English. In the following decades, French, Latin and Italian versions of Thousand Characters appeared one after another. The influence of Qian Zi Wen has reached overseas.
The spread of Qian Zi Wen for more than 14 years shows that it is not only an excellent book for children's education, but also an integral part of China's excellent traditional culture, and it has been widely valued and loved by people, which is enough to make it spread to the future.
thousands of words explain
Heaven and earth are mysterious and yellow, and the universe is vast: the sky is black and the earth is yellow; The vast universe is boundless.
The sun and the moon are in full swing: the sun is positive and oblique, and the moon is missing and round; The stars are all over the boundless space.
from cold to summer to autumn harvest and winter storage: the cycle of cold and summer changes, coming and going, going and coming; I am busy harvesting in autumn and storing in winter.
The surplus of leap into adulthood: the surplus accumulated for several years is combined into one month and placed in leap years; The ancients used six laws and six lv to regulate yin and yang.
Yun Teng causes rain and dew to form frost: cloud gas rises to the sky, and when it is cold, it forms rain; Dew meets a cold night and quickly condenses into frost.
Gold comes from Lishui and jade comes from Kungang: Gold comes from the bottom of Jinsha River and jade comes from Kunlun Mountain.
the sword is huge.