1 a summary of reading methods for senior Chinese students in primary schools
First of all, take a multi-pronged approach to create a rich reading atmosphere.
1. Create a good family reading environment. On the basis of extensive investigation of parents' extracurricular reading, parents' meeting will be held to change some parents' old ideas and get help from parents to ensure that extracurricular reading is well-founded and supervised. Conditional families advocate parent-child reading, which is very important for maintaining students' interest in reading.
2. Create a good reading atmosphere. Post famous reading sayings in the classroom and decorate the reading corner of the class. The sources of books are books in the school library and students' homes. Students can exchange reading books, improve the utilization rate of reading materials and reduce the financial burden of parents. The "reading room" recommends a good book every week to create a strong scholarly atmosphere and stimulate students' interest in reading.
3. Teachers set an example and read with students. Zhi Yuheng, a special teacher, said: "It is disastrous for students if teachers don't study." Reading can enrich our cultural heritage and enliven our thinking. Over time, we will have some special spiritual charm and sense of cultural belonging, which will exert a subtle influence on students. Students and teachers reading together can not only stimulate students' desire to express themselves, but also facilitate teachers' timely guidance.
Second, help students choose healthy and suitable extracurricular reading materials.
1. What is suitable is the best. Most students' extracurricular reading is carried out in the form of individuals, and some like famous books; Some love popular science works; Some are obsessed with military knowledge; People are only interested in comics? Therefore, it is best to lower the requirements and allow students to have individual differences.
2. Choose healthy and valuable books. Reading after class has many advantages, but opening books may not be beneficial. Belinsky put it well: "Reading a book that is not suitable for you is worse than not reading it. We must learn such a skill and choose the most valuable reading materials that best suit our needs. " Especially for children, if the innocent and young mind is nourished by excellent children's literature works and classics, the mind will become increasingly pure, the feelings will become increasingly rich, the hobbies will become increasingly extensive, and the intelligence and endurance will be enhanced.
Third, improve extracurricular reading ability.
1. No pen and ink, no reading. Fill in the reading card according to the reading situation, record the reading title, time and number of words, extract good words and sentences, show your own experience, learn to accumulate, learn to talk to the text, and learn to take reading notes; Encourage students to re-create works (continue, expand, abbreviate, rewrite, etc.). ). Ensure reading quantity and improve reading quality.
2. Centralized guidance to improve extracurricular reading ability. Students * * * read the same book, which is convenient for the teacher to guide. However, it is not easy for teachers to pick out books that everyone likes. Unit 6 "Extracurricular Bookstore", Book 1 of the National Standards of People's Education Edition, introduces the famous German cartoonist Ai? Oh? Braun's cartoon A Beautiful Christmas Book captured children's hearts with its humor and warmth.
I followed the trend and read the cartoon Father and Son, which is composed of groups of vivid and humorous pictures, humorous and warm, revealing pure childlike innocence and harmonious family happiness, and touching. I asked the children to talk about their own experiences and the angle of laughter, and let them understand that "everyone laughs what they laugh" is the unique charm of comics. And according to the characteristics that the text of this unit reflects the love of parents, we mainly recommend cartoons such as "Looking for a fugitive son". Study in groups, communicate in groups, and fill in the reading card.
Fourth, organically combine and reduce the burden of schoolwork.
1. extends from class to class. The ancients said: "Everything is learned when the world is clear, and people's understanding is an article." It is true that there are languages everywhere in society, and everyone has been learning and using them. In Chinese teaching, I pay attention to guiding students to feel the beauty of China's language and writing, and expand reading by combining some special texts, special festivals, special events and special anniversaries.
If you have studied "Borrowing Arrows from Grass Boat", guide you to read the relevant chapters of The Romance of Three Kingdoms; After studying Prime Minister Shili, I recommend reading Son of the Earth. Learned the "Youth Victory" and launched Lu Xun's novel "Hometown". On March 5, read the story of Lei Feng; Father's Day, watching Zhu Ziqing's back? Synchronous reading of textbooks in students' hands is not only wonderful, but also closely related to the theme of the text, so we should make full use of it.
2. Ensure reading time. Extracurricular reading needs a lot of time, and swallowing extracurricular reading will increase students' learning burden. Therefore, it is necessary to control too much mechanical and tedious Chinese written homework and ensure that students have half an hour to read freely every day. Weekly diary can also be changed to reading, communicating with parents, filling out reading cards, etc. The holiday composition was changed to reading tabloids and so on, which made Chinese homework interesting.
Fifth, build a display platform to improve reading enthusiasm.
In order to improve students' reading enthusiasm, improve extracurricular reading efficiency and enhance reading effectiveness, I have thought about some effective methods. Such as: "My Favorite Famous Words" exchange meeting, collecting some famous words about reading in a planned and purposeful way for comments and appreciation. The "celebrity story meeting" tells the story of the success of celebrities' reading, thus arousing students' admiration for scholars and their desire for books, and forming a strong intention to make friends with books.
Self-run class "Extracurricular Reading Newspaper", publish outstanding works of American literature in paper format and select excellent reading notes? As soon as children are free, they are busy collecting information, collecting manuscripts and writing manuscripts. They enjoy it, their enthusiasm is high, and their reading and writing abilities are also improved. Participating in various reading activities such as "Reading Knowledge Contest", "Reading Red Classics" and "Disciples Intensive Reading" has effectively promoted students' enthusiasm for reading, communication and display.
According to the students' performance, we organize the selection of "Scholarly Teenagers" and "Star Parents" once a month, praise them in the class wall newspaper, and issue certificates to encourage the advanced, set an example, and stimulate students' enthusiasm for pursuing Excellence. Because in every link of reading, I pay attention to stimulating students' interest in reading, so most students have a high enthusiasm for reading, actively participate in various essay-writing activities, and their works have begun to appear in newspapers, and their enthusiasm for learning Chinese is high, so as to truly achieve "I like it, I read".
2 Summary of Chinese reading methods for senior primary school students
First, the content of "reading"
The Encyclopedia of China (educational volume) defines this as follows: "Reading is a psychological process of obtaining meaning from printed or written language symbols." This psychological process of course refers to the psychological process of readers. Rather than the psychological process (reading effect) that readers have on the same book, there are often great differences. As the saying goes, "Different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions." "A thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets."
It can be said that reading depends on the text, and the result often exceeds the text. In the theory of Chinese teaching in primary schools, it is defined as: reading generally means that readers can see what is written in words through vision and get some satisfaction from it. In other words, reading is a process in which people know, understand and absorb written materials.
Modern reading view holds that reading in a general sense is an important way to collect and process information, understand the world, develop thinking and gain reading experience, and the reading of Chinese courses should be understood in this way. Reading teaching is a dialogue process among students, teachers and texts.
Second, the five links of reading teaching in senior primary schools
In the Chinese teaching of senior grades in primary schools, it is important to cultivate students' good reading habits, so that students can concentrate on reading, use their brains and experience the true feelings of articles. In fact, the reading teaching of senior primary school students can be summarized in five words: listening, speaking, reading, thinking and using. How to cultivate these five abilities?
1, "listen" should be audible. Cultivate students' concentration in class and keep up with teachers' ideas. Every class is like an article, and it also has a "central idea". Students should be trained to pay attention to the center when listening to lectures. Teachers should repeatedly emphasize the key content of the article, so as to deepen students' impression of the key content. For example, the last nature of the lesson "Golden Hook", especially the last sentence, should be taken as the key to guide students to understand.
2. "Say" should be done in words. In fact, speaking is talking about an article. You have to finish one meaning before you talk about other meanings. The order should not be out of order. Cultivate students to be very familiar with what they want to say or answer, so as to know fairly well. Ask more questions for students to answer in classroom teaching, so as to improve students' oral ability. Do more exercises at ordinary times and let the students retell the text by themselves.
3. "Reading" should use eyes, mouth, ears and brain. Reading is to turn silent words into spoken words and accept knowledge through sound. Read a good book or article repeatedly, remember it like an olive, and understand its content.
Reading should also be read in many ways: reading aloud at home and on campus helps to remember knowledge; You can read lightly in class and experience while reading; When reading, the old teacher can follow the reading softly, so that the attention is highly concentrated. When teaching students to read, they should be careful and not make mistakes, omissions or strings. They should start with the topic, and understand the content, level, center and writing method of the article through initial reading, intensive reading and close reading. In short, as Mr. Lu Xun said, we should pay attention to five things when reading-eyes, mouth, heart, hands and brain.
4. Think while reading to expand your imagination. In reading teaching, we should pay attention to train students to relate the content of the article before and after, use accumulated knowledge to imagine, and let students imagine every sentence they have read as a picture. For example, when reading Fanka, think of the part where Fanka told grandpa how he was beaten at his boss's house as drawing while reading, so that students can understand Fanka's tragic experience.
5. "Use" means paying attention to applying what you have learned to reading everywhere. Instruct students to analyze the short passage by using the basic knowledge of Chinese, summarize the meaning and center of the paragraph, and correctly answer the questions raised in the short passage. In addition, reading should be used in life to solve practical problems, such as being able to understand advertisements, notices, notices, handbooks of various items, etc.
Third, reading teaching methods
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Reading is a personalized behavior of students, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice. It is necessary for students to deepen their understanding and experience, feel and think, be infected by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment and enjoy aesthetic pleasure in active thinking and emotional activities. "
It can be seen that "students' reading practice" should be placed in an important position in reading teaching. However, in reading teaching, blindly emphasizing reading, not teaching students reading methods, not paying attention to the changes in reading forms, and not cultivating good reading habits can not achieve the expected results. Combined with reading practice, talk about reading methods.
1, graphic comparison. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out that reading should "read with the help of pictures in reading materials." The text is illustrated with pictures and texts, focusing on creating the situation displayed by the content of the text, which is full of children's interest. Illustrations and words are organically combined to form a whole. In teaching, we should make full use of the illustrations in the text, so that observing the illustrations and understanding the content complement each other.
2. Read and think. Reading without thinking is like a young monk chanting scriptures ―― he has a mouth but no mind. Therefore, in teaching practice, teachers should be good at grasping those creative places in the text to train students' positive thinking, guide students to observe and understand things from multiple angles and levels, and make students form good reading habits.
3. Promote reading by painting. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" emphasizes that Chinese subject should integrate the knowledge of other subjects in order to improve students' comprehensive quality.
4. Promote reading with actions. In reading teaching, it is an effective means to let students improvise and feel the text wholeheartedly. Performing on the basis of a preliminary understanding of the text and transforming abstract language into vivid expressions and gestures not only improves the in-depth understanding of the text, but also improves the overall Chinese quality.
5. Guide students to accumulate a large number of beautiful words from childhood, and students will benefit for life, which is the basis for developing students' Chinese ability and improving Chinese connotation. Combined with the characteristics and requirements of teaching materials, in the process of guiding students to read aloud, let students be familiar with reading in a natural state and regard "reciting" as a happy thing. In teaching, students can be guided to read on the blackboard, with the help of pictures (multimedia), through performance reading, teachers can intervene to reveal reading, or read in hypothetical situations, and a wide range of ideas can also be accumulated.
6. Imitate writing after reading. Writing is inseparable from reading, which is the basis of writing.
7. expand it. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out: "Standardize students' oral English, improve students' oral communication ability, and cultivate good speaking attitude and language habits. "We should pay full attention to the organic combination of reading and speaking in teaching practice.
3 Summary of Chinese reading methods for senior primary school students
(A) focus on cultivating students' interest in reading
Interest is the best teacher. Only by giving students the intrinsic motivation to read can they develop their minds, take the initiative to understand and learn, and gradually cultivate the persistence of reading and improve their interest in reading in the process of understanding and learning.
Especially for beginners, we should successfully stimulate their reading motivation. We often introduce the contents of articles to be read to students in vivid language to stimulate their interest in reading, and often create suspense with wonderful, tense and touching plots in stories to arouse students' curiosity and stimulate their reading expectations.
2. Recommend books according to the characteristics of the learning section. According to the investigation, students' interest in reading varies with age, years of study, gender, personality and psychological characteristics. Generally speaking, fairy tales, myths, fables and folktales are the main subjects in primary schools, while senior students are interested in biographies, legends and thrillers in addition to stories, which can be said to have entered the literary period. Girls generally like to read books with storylines, while boys are interested in history, geography, sports and science. Therefore, teachers should first understand students' interests and hobbies, and then they can be targeted when introducing them.
(2) Teachers should not only deepen their feelings for recommended books, but also pay attention to the flexibility of methods.
Roman? Roland once said, "If you want to spread sunshine to other people's hearts, you must have sunshine in your own heart." Therefore, when recommending books, teachers should not only be familiar with the contents of books, but also have a deep feeling about books, so as to recommend books with ease. Moreover, the flexibility of recommendation methods has not been ignored. According to its requirements and contents, a. Recommendation methods include book recommendation, article recommendation and content introduction.
For example, when I was instructing senior students to study outside, I told them the story contents of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin. After class, the students scrambled to read these books, and the effect was very good. B, the flexibility of teacher recommendation and student recommendation should be combined, and unified recommendation and decentralized recommendation should be combined. C, teachers in the recommendation process, have the necessary guidance and skills.
Teachers always have a special position and role in students' minds. They want to know how their teachers study at their age. According to this psychological feature, teachers can take the opportunity to talk about their childhood studies with students and set an example for students.
A principal of the National Reading Method Research Association of the United States once conducted a teaching experiment according to this psychological characteristic of students: she stayed in the classroom whenever she had time and recommended her favorite books to students. Under her influence, the students in her school have taken action to find and lend these books from the library and read them vigorously. The headmaster gave the students a strong and absolutely positive inspiration: "reading is very interesting." Therefore, teachers' guidance methods and skills are very important.
(3) Organize various types of reading activities.
When reading after class, students hope to gain something from reading, and expect the gain to be obvious, which will be recognized and praised by teachers, parents and classmates, thus satisfying their sense of accomplishment. In view of students' psychological characteristics, we carry out some activities such as reading experience exchange meeting, reading competition, story telling, riddle guessing and reading experience exchange meeting, so that students have the opportunity to display their talents.
If juniors can participate in these reading activities of seniors, not only will juniors feel that they can learn a lot from reading and increase the fun of life, but seniors will also play the role of "vanguard".
For example, I launched a story-telling contest of "reading a good book" for the fifth-grade students, and let the third-grade children watch the contest. The students talked endlessly, and the audience listened with relish, which not only increased their knowledge, but also greatly stimulated their interest in reading. Therefore, vigorously carrying out various reading activities can greatly stimulate students' confidence and enthusiasm in extracurricular reading.
(4) Create good reading conditions for students and provide comfortable reading places.
To read widely, we must first understand the source of books. We recommend books that combine knowledge and interest to students, pay attention to readability, and make the difficulty of reading materials adapt to students' ability as much as possible, so that students will have interest in reading. Providing a good reading place helps students to associate reading with comfort, so that they will not feel disgusted with reading. Quiet reading rooms in schools are all good reading environments.
(E) Reading guidance, focusing on the effectiveness of learning.
When students are interested in extracurricular reading, we must attach importance to the effectiveness of students' reading.
1. Guide students to correctly handle the relationship between in-class and out-of-class reading. At present, there are two situations among students:
? Some students only pay attention to classroom study, and don't read books or seldom read newspapers after class.
(2) totally immersed in extracurricular books, not paying attention to in-class learning. Both of these phenomena are unhealthy. As we all know, the classroom is the main position of learning Chinese, classroom reading is the basis of extracurricular reading, and extracurricular reading is the expansion of classroom reading. It is necessary to promote extracurricular activities in class and enrich extracurricular activities.
For example, learning The Little Match Girl can guide students to read Andersen's fairy tales, learning Two Fables can guide students to read the series of Chinese and Foreign Fables, learning The Birth of the Monkey King can guide students to watch The Journey to the West, and learning The Arrow of Borrowing Grass Boat can guide students to watch The Romance of Three Kingdoms, which will coordinate the relationship between in-class and out-of-class reading and let students read.
2. Guide students to read selectively and encourage them to read more good books.
Extracurricular reading has a wide range, various forms and different contents. Some bad books directly affect students' physical and mental health. Therefore, in the process of reading, constantly educate students to read selectively, not only to read more books, but more importantly to read good books.
3. Let students spend some time reading.
The ancients said, "You are proud of writing, but you should not pass on books by ear." Only using a certain amount of time for extracurricular reading can help to cultivate reading ability and reading habits, and enjoy endless fun and happiness while increasing knowledge and improving reading ability. Yu Dafu, a famous literary poet, spent more than five hours reading in the reading room every day when he was young, which played a positive role in his later literary creation.
4. Teachers' guidance should focus on unity and flexibility.
Extracurricular reading is reading without the direct help of teachers, so our work focuses on guiding students' reading attitudes, methods and habits. Because students have different tastes and different self-study time, the guidance methods for students should be changed accordingly. We can take individual guidance, collective guidance, hold seminars and exchange our understanding, experience and comments on the contents of books.
A summary of Chinese reading methods for senior primary school students
First, apply the immigration law.
Using the transfer law, we can guide extracurricular reading in class and combine extracurricular reading organically. Reading is a psychological process of obtaining meaning from printed or written language symbols. Reading is also a basic intellectual skills. This skill is a prerequisite for academic success. It is the sum of a series of processes and behaviors. The cultivation of students' reading habits and abilities first comes from teachers' classroom teaching, and reading methods also come from teachers' method guidance in the classroom.
In text teaching, guide students to read correct pronunciation with reference books, understand words and phrases, grasp key or beautiful words and wonderful fragments, read aloud in middle school and silently in high school, and cultivate students' perception and understanding in reading (outline language). In the Chinese textbook for primary schools (People's Education Edition), examples of unit reading guidance and reading and writing are arranged. What reading knowledge is required and how to read the text is the outline of Chinese unit reading teaching.
For example, the guiding ideology of the fourth group of Book 11 of Primary School Chinese (New People's Education Edition) has the following points: "These words describe the inner activities of different characters at all times and in all countries. When studying this set of texts, we should pay attention to understanding the inner thoughts of the characters through their movements, language, demeanor and their surrounding environment, so as to further deepen our understanding of the text content. "
Chinese teachers should attach importance to unit reading guidance, and the reading methods put forward by reading guidance can make students understand and master in text reading teaching.
Second, understand the status quo of extracurricular reading in class
(A) the "book corner" was left out in the cold.
I once set out to set up a "class book corner" to mobilize students to share their favorite books with you. It should be said that the contents of books are still relatively rich, mostly Chinese and foreign books with strong stories or closely related to life. In order to further standardize, I also specially selected two serious "librarians" to take charge of the borrowing work.
When the "Book Corner" first opened, business was still booming, and students' interest was high. The "Book Corner" was often crowded with people, and there were many records in the borrowed notebooks. Seeing such a scene, I can't help but rejoice.
But it didn't last long. After a while, when I went to observe again, I found that only a few students had the patience to finish reading a book, and many students either avoided or borrowed and returned books very frequently. In fact, a good book has not been finished. It is worth mentioning that children have a special liking for a kind of comics that are not as big as the palm of their hands, such as Dragon Ball, Wulongyuan and Doraemon. The sixth grade children actually enjoy these simple, twisted and boring books and indulge in them!
(b) single reading list
I often encourage students to bring extra-curricular books to school. They can read them in their spare time. Many students also have extracurricular books in their schoolbags or drawers. However, according to my observation, many children's reading materials are relatively simple, and many students often take out books to read, all of which are writing-related composition books, such as excellent composition collections, full-mark compositions, and 500-word compositions of primary school students. Many parents also have this misunderstanding: children can write good compositions by reading more documents; Reading more books means reading more documents.
(3) read only, don't write, and swallow the dates.
If you don't use pen and ink or study, you should form the good habit of taking notes when reading, so that you can learn nutrition from the book and use it for yourself. Most of the children in the class only pay attention to the plot description and characterization in the book when reading after class, and read only without writing, gulping down the dates. Reading is faster, but when asked about the stories in the book, students are often arrogant. Students read books not to accumulate knowledge, but as a pastime to kill time.
Third, organize various types of reading activities.
When reading after class, students hope to gain something from reading, and expect the gain to be obvious, which will be recognized and praised by teachers, parents and classmates, thus satisfying their sense of accomplishment. According to students' psychological characteristics, we can carry out some activities such as reading experience exchange meeting, reading competition, story telling, riddle guessing and reading experience exchange meeting, so that students can have the opportunity to display their talents.
If juniors can participate in these reading activities of seniors, not only will juniors feel that they can learn a lot from reading and increase the fun of life, but seniors will also play the role of "vanguard". For example, I launched a story-telling contest of "reading a good book" for the sixth-grade students, and let the third-grade children watch the contest. The students talked endlessly, and the audience listened with relish, which not only increased their knowledge, but also greatly stimulated their interest in reading.
Large-scale activities, such as reading, telling stories and performing arts, can't be carried out for a semester. Therefore, we can focus on guiding students to carry out regular extracurricular reading activities. Educate students to care about national affairs, guide them to read Youth Daily carefully, learn to read People's Daily and Teachers' Newspaper, organize them to publish wall newspapers, and set up a column of "current affairs news" on blackboard newspapers. Vigorously carrying out various reading activities can greatly stimulate students' confidence and enthusiasm in extracurricular reading.
Fourth, establish an effective evaluation mechanism.