Character Profile
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan, also known as Su Dongpo and He Zhong, also known as "Dongpo Jushi". He died at the age of 64. Historical records record that Su Shi was eight feet tall. The ruler is more than one inch (186cm). Su Shi was open-minded and broad-minded. In the 6th year of Emperor Gaozong's reign in the Song Dynasty, he presented it to his grand master. A native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, he is the eldest son of Su Xun, a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, poet, and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a representative of the bold and unrestrained poets. In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), he and his younger brother Su Zhe became Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), when his father's mourning period expired, he returned to the court and sued the court for the magistrate. He had political disagreements with Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law. He asked for a foreign appointment and became the general judge of Hangzhou. He moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhe Zongli, Empress Dowager Gao came to the court, and was restored to the imperial court of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong); four months later, he moved to be a doctor of the Ministry of Rites; within ten days of his appointment, in addition to the living room staff, he moved to the middle school room, and then moved to the middle school room. Hanlin scholars know how to make imperial edicts and pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhezong was in charge of his own affairs and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Changhua Army (now Danzhou City, Hainan). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, at the age of sixty-six, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province). He, his father Su Xun (1009-1066) and his younger brother Su Zhe (1039-1112) are all famous for their literature, and are known as the "Three Sus" in the world; they are as famous as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty . "Three Su" are three of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties. The Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties are the collective name for the eight representative prose writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che in the Song Dynasty ( Su Xun is the father of Su Shi and Su Che, and Su Shi is Su Che's brother), Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong (divided into two families of Tang Dynasty and six families of Song Dynasty), who pioneered a bold style of poetry and outstanding poetry. Xin Qiji is also called "Su Xin". In poetry, he is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His works include "Dongpo Seven Collections" and "Dongpo Yuefu". In politics, Sima Guang is the leader. The old party made great achievements in calligraphy. Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he was known as the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty"
Su Shi's life
The first year of Jiayou (1056). ), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, went to Beijing for the first time to take part in the imperial examination. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his article "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards", but something went wrong. In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi took the imperial examination, which is commonly known as the "three-year imperial examination", and entered the third class, becoming the "hundred-year scholar". 1. He was appointed as a judge of Dali and signed a letter as a judge of Fengxiang Prefecture. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned to the funeral home. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after completing his service and was still awarded his position. He entered the court as an official. At that time, the political crisis began to appear in the Northern Song Dynasty. Behind the prosperity was a crisis. At this time, Shenzong came to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who had admired him at the beginning, were involved in the new law. He had political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi and was forced to leave Beijing. The old rain in the government and the public was withering away. What Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty.
Su Shi was returning. On his way to Beijing, he saw the harm caused by the new law to ordinary people, and he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach. He believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it. One result of this was that his mentors and friends were forced to leave Beijing. Likewise, he was not tolerated by the imperial court. So Su Shi asked for a post and was transferred to Hangzhou.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. Zhizhou. His political achievements were outstanding and he won the hearts of the people.
This continued for about ten years. At that time, someone (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems to make a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and "slandered the emperor and prime minister in writing". This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history. /p>
Su Shi was imprisoned for 103 days and was almost on the verge of being beheaded. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill scholar-bureaucrats during the reign of Emperor Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped.
After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense forces). This position was quite humble. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after going to prison. During his spare time, he led his family to reclaim a piece of sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help make ends meet. The nickname "Dongpo Jushi" was given to him by Su Shi at this time.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died.
Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the New Party forces collapsed, and Sima Guang was re-elected as prime minister. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin scholar Zhizhigao.
As the saying goes: "It's not easy to be a Beijing official." When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again asked the emperor Make suggestions.
Su Shi could neither be tolerated by the new party nor forgiven by the old party, so he once again asked for external transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of sixteen years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredging the West Lake and using the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also the famous "Su Causeway".
The Wutai Poetry Case
Song Shenzong reused Wang Anshi’s reform during the Xining period (1068-1077). After the failure of the reform, he engaged in restructuring during the Yuanfeng period (1078-1085). At the turning point from reform to restructuring, the Su Shi Wutai Poetry Case occurred. This case was first reported by the supervisory censor Li Ding, and was later tried in Yushitai Prison. Yushitai has been nicknamed "Wutai" since the Han Dynasty, so the case is called the "Wutai Poetry Case".
During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi opposed the New Law and expressed his dissatisfaction with the New Deal in his poems. Since he was a leader in the literary world at the time, allowing Su Shi's poems to spread in society would be detrimental to the implementation of the New Deal. Therefore, with Shenzong's acquiescence, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned in Wutai for four months. Every day he was forced to explain the origin of the poems he had written and the origin of allusions in the words and phrases.
Since the Song Dynasty had a custom of not killing scholar-bureaucrats, Su Shi was spared death, but was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi moved to Huzhou (Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province). In July, he was arrested and imprisoned by Huangfu Zun and others sent by Yushitai. They accused Su Shi of distorting facts and slandering the imperial court in his poems. Censor Li Ding, He Zhengchen, Shu Yu and others cited Su Shi's "Hangzhou Chronicle Poems" as evidence, saying that he "played with the imperial court and ridiculed national affairs", and even dug out a sentence or two from his other poems. , convicting people by taking words out of context, such as: "Reading thousands of books without reading the laws will lead to emperors Yao and Shun knowing no skills." Originally, Su Shi said that he did not read books such as laws thoroughly, so he could not help the emperor become like Yao and Shun. Although he was a saint, they said he was mocking the emperor for failing to teach and supervise the officials according to the law; another example was "If the East China Sea has a clear idea, it should be taught and turned into a mulberry field", saying that he was criticizing the wrong measure of building water conservancy projects. In fact, Su Shi himself was building water conservancy projects in Hangzhou. How could he think that was wrong? Another example is "How could it be that I forgot to understand the taste after smelling it, and I have eaten without salt in the past three months?" It is said that he is sarcastically banning people from selling salt. To sum up, it was determined that he dared to ridicule the emperor and the prime minister, which was a heinous crime and should be sentenced to death.
Su Shi was tortured in the Yushitai, and he admitted that he could not escape the death penalty. In the end, he was able to escape death. On December 28 of that year, by the grace of Shenzong, he was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou (Huanggang County, Hubei Province). Su Shi was detained for nearly a hundred days and was later released from Yushitai Prison. Later generations compiled the complaint and confession of this case into a "Wutai Poetry Case". "Wutai" means Yushitai. "Han Shu·Zhu Bo Biography": "At that time, the wells in more than 100 areas of the official residences of Wu Yushi Mansion were exhausted; there were also cypress trees in the mansion, and thousands of wild crows often lived on them. ." Later generations called Yushi Mansion Wufu and Yushi Terrace Wutai. Since the initiators of this case were all officials of the Yushitai, including the Yushi Zhongcheng Li Ding, the supervising Yushi Lixing (the trainee historian of the Yushitai) Shu Quan, He Zhengchen, etc., it was called the "Wutai Poetry Case" ".
The cause of Su Shi's disaster, in addition to the above-mentioned "unfounded charges", is said to be because he offended Wang Anshi, the prime minister at the time. It was recorded in people's notes at that time.
It is said that when Su Shi was the Minister of Rites in the imperial court, one day he went to Wang Anshi's study, Wuzhai, to find Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi was not there, and Su Shi saw a poem with only two unfinished lines on the table in Wuzhai. "The bright moon barks on the branches, but the yellow dog lies in the heart of the flower."
Su Dongpo looked at it again and again, and he wondered, how could the bright moon bark on the branches? How could the yellow dog lie on the flower heart? Thought it was inappropriate. So he changed his pen and changed the poem to "The bright moon shines in the sky, and the yellow dog lies in the shade of the flowers." After Wang Anshi came back, he was extremely dissatisfied with Su Shi's changes to his poems, so he demoted him to Hepu. After Su Dongpo arrived in Hepu, one day he went out for a walk and saw a group of children gathered in front of a bunch of flowers and shouted: "Yellow dog Luo Luo, black dog Luo Luo, come out quickly? Luo Luo, Luo Luo Luo." Su Dongpo Out of curiosity, I walked over and asked the child what he was shouting. The child said, "Let's tell the bug to come out quickly so we can catch it." Su Dongpo walked closer to the flower and saw several small yellow and black insects as big as sesame seeds squirming in the stamens. He asked the child again what kind of insect this was? The child said: yellow dog worm, black dog worm. Su Dongpo left the flowers and came to a banyan tree. When he heard a crisp bird call on the tree, he asked others, what kind of bird call was this? Someone else replied: This is called the Moon Bird. At this moment, Su Dongpo suddenly realized that he had wrongly corrected Wang Anshi's poem. The authenticity of this record cannot be tested. From a historical point of view, Wang Anshi punished Su Shi and wrongly changed two lines of the poem. It does not seem to be the real reason why Wang Anshi hated Su Shi. The essential reason was Su Shi's political opposition to Wang Anshi's reform. Therefore, Su Shi had difficulties in his official career.
Poetic style
In July 1079, when Su Shi took office in Huzhou, he was convicted and imprisoned for the Wutai Poetry Case. In January of the following year, he was exiled to Huangzhou. Before the Shi case, Su Shi had successively served as magistrate of Mizhou, prefect of Xuzhou and prefect of Huzhou since he was appointed magistrate of Hangzhou in 1071, with outstanding political achievements. The overall style of his poetry works is that of a long day in the desert, while the content mostly points to official life to express political pride. After the Poetry Case, although he became a Hanlin scholar for a period of time, his works lacked the boldness and elegance of Jun, Yao and Shun. Instead, he turned more and more to nature and the understanding of life. As for his exile in Danzhou, Huizhou in his later years, his indifferent and broad-minded state of mind became more obvious. Inheriting the style of Huangzhou's works, he restrained his life's thoughts and moved things at leisure to achieve a state of tranquility.
Taking the Wutai Poetry Case as a boundary, Su Shi's poetry works have both inheritance and obvious differences in creation. Behind the "going back" complex that runs throughout, we see that the poet's writing style gradually changes from the boyish sighing for no reason, to the helplessness of middle age and the broad-mindedness of old age - getting older and more mature, which leads to dullness.
First of all, in terms of subject matter, Su Shi's early works mainly reflected Su Shi's "specific political worries", and then his works focused on the "broad worries of life", hating evil as much as hatred, and encountering evil. , then "like a fly on the stage, it will spit out". His flowing works triggered the Wutai Poetry Case. Huangzhou's relegated life made him "the harshness of satire, the sharpness of his writing, as well as his tension and anger, all disappeared. What appeared in their place was a kind of radiant warmth, kindness and tolerance. Mellow and mature, Thorough and profound."
Secondly, in terms of culture, Confucianism was respected in the early period, while Taoism and Buddhism were respected in the later period.
In the early stage, he had the social responsibility advocated by Confucianism, and he was deeply concerned about the sufferings of the people; in the later stage, especially after being demoted twice, he advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism, trying to innovate in religion. be liberated. He was deeply inspired by the Buddhist teaching that "the ordinary mind is the Tao" and lived a real farmer's life in Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou and other places, and enjoyed it.
Thirdly, in terms of style, the early works are majestic and unrestrained like floods breaking through embankments, while the later works are ethereal and timeless, simple and light, like the fragrance of deep willows and white pear flowers.
As far as lyrics are concerned, looking at Su Shi's more than 300 lyrics, there are only a few works that are truly bold and bold. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works account for ten percent of Su Shi's total lyrics. About one-third of them were mostly concentrated in Xuzhou, Mizhou, which was the mainstream of creation in that period. Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's mentality of actively pursuing official career during that period. Some of the later works not only have the style of local customs, but also entertain the guests, and are beautiful and charming. Such as chanting about objects and romance, describing travels and scenery, feeling nostalgic about the past, giving and leaving farewells, pastoral scenery, talking about Zen and reasoning, they are almost all-encompassing and colorful. And this part accounts for about nine out of ten of Su Shi's poems, and there is a strong sense of Zhuangzi turning into a butterfly and forgetting everything.
At this point, he has expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical roars, and needle-point criticism. Its subject matter becomes wider and wider, and its style becomes more and more plain and far-reaching.
Anecdotes about Su Shi
3. Dongpo Pork
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous limerick in "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou is good Pork, the price is shit. The rich don't want to eat it, but the poor don't know how to cook it. When the heat is sufficient, it will be delicious. You will have a bowl of it every day, and you will not care about it. "Slow fire, use less water, and when the heat is sufficient, it will be beautiful." This is the famous Dongpo Pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the governor of Hangzhou, built Su dikes and promoted water conservancy, and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Pork" also became famous in Hangzhou and became a famous local dish.
4. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lived in Changzhou. He spent the last bit of his savings to buy a house and was preparing to move in. By chance, I heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unfilial descendants, so she was crying sadly. After careful inquiry, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the ancestral house that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her: "My former residence was sold by me. There is no need to feel deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi immediately burned the deed of the house and only rented a house to live in. (See "Liangxi Manzhi" by Fei Gun of the Song Dynasty)
5. Reciting poems and attending banquets
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital to take a scientific examination. There were six arrogant people who looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him. Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone. The other five people roared with cheers. "I'll come first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Weishui River!" After saying that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an!" The second man took away the horse meat with dignity. "Su Ziqing Beihu Shepherd!" The third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County!" The fourth one shouted hurriedly and stretched out his hand to pick up the meat. "Guan Yunchang Jingzhou scrapes the bones!" The fifth one couldn't wait to snatch the bones. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong!" The sixth one arrogantly picked up the last vegetable. After all the dishes were finished, the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After saying that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile : "Brothers, please come!" Liuju people were dumbfounded.
6. Get ahead
When Su Shi was taking the examination in Beijing, the presiding examiner was Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master of the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was reviewing the papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous writing style. To prevent favoritism, all examination papers at that time were anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first one, he felt that this article was very similar to what his disciple Zeng Gong had written, and he was afraid that it would be true, so he finally ranked it second. It wasn't until the release of the list that Ouyang Xiu found out that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the true situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care about it at all. Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent made Ouyang Xiu admire him: "Such a young talent should really make him stand out." (origin)!" and officially accepted Su Shi as his disciple.
7. Family gathering
After Su Shi came second in high school, the three fathers and sons of the Su family and the family of Su Xiaomei, who is famous for the "Three Difficulties" Qin Shaoyou, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Shi's father Su Xun The proposition is set with the words "cold and fragrant", and each person writes two poems, which are required to fit the situation at that time. To take the lead, Su Laoquan walked slowly to the flower pond and chanted: "The cold water flows from the stone edge, and the wind blows from the flowers to make them fragrant." Ziyou stood up and picked fragrant wintersweet petals, flicked his fingers and said, "The cold words are unknown, but the plum blossoms are fragrant on his fingers." The younger sister also went to pick flowers. Ziyou wanted to laugh at him for imitating himself, but the younger sister said: "The cuckoos in the sun have a cold mouthpiece, and the flowers and butterflies in the sky are fragrant in their dreams." After speaking, he spread his palms and found that a butterfly had been crushed to death. The daughter's characteristics were revealed, and everyone applauded in unison. But Su Shi flicked the stone bench and rode away. Su Laoquan called out: "My son, don't leave if you can't answer the question." Before he finished speaking, Su Shi said two sentences in a long voice: "Flick the stone and come and sit down." Bring the cold, step on the flowers and return home with the scent of horseshoes!"
8. Making cakes to worship Buddha
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian lived in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. The two of them agreed not to tell the monk Foyin in the temple about making cakes this time.
After a while, the cake was cooked. After counting the number, they first presented the cake to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed diligently, and prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the divine tent in advance. While the two were kneeling to pray, they reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After Su Shi paid his respects, he stood up and saw that two pieces of cake were missing. He knelt down and prayed again, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is so powerful. He ate two pieces of cake. Why didn't he come out to meet you?" Foyin replied in the tent: "I If I have some noodles, I’ll make some with you. Don’t you dare bother me?”
9. Reciting poems and admiring the moon
Su Dongpo liked to socialize with the monks of the West Lake Temple in Hangzhou. friend. He was the best friend with the monk Foyin of Jinshan Temple. The two of them often joked while drinking and reciting poems. Monk Foyin was delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo entertained guests at banquets, he always came uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake. There were a lot of wine and food on the boat. As the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian: "Foyin has to come to every gathering. Tonight we will take a boat to the lake to drink and recite poems and have a good time. He will not be able to come anyway." Who knows? Monk Foyin had long ago heard that Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were going to visit the lake, so he hid under the cabin board before they boarded the boat. The bright moon was in the sky, the cool breeze was refreshing, and the fragrance of lotus filled the lake. The cruise ship slowly came to the Three Pagodas of the West Lake. Su Dongpo held the wine glass, twirled his beard, and happily said to Huang Tingjian: "There is no Buddha seal today, so we are quite quiet. First of all, Let's make a drinking order. The first two sentences should be "Ji Jing" and the last two sentences should be ended with "Zai". "Huang Tingjian said: "Okay!" Su Dongpo said first: "The clouds are gone and the bright moon is coming out. What can the sky say? "Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus flowers in the lake, and then said: "Pull the lotus seeds away, and the fish will come out, you will find it!"
At this time, Foyin could not bear it anymore. After Huang Tingjian said this, he pushed aside the planks of the ship, climbed out, and said: "Pull the planks aside, and the Buddha's seal comes out. It's so embarrassing! It's so embarrassing!" Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian saw a man suddenly crawling out from under the planks of the ship. When the man came, he was startled. When he took a closer look, it turned out to be the Buddha's seal. When he heard him utter these four lines of poetry, he couldn't help laughing. Su Dongpo took the Buddha seal and sat down, and said: "You hid it well and you were right, but you finally got it again today!" So the three of them admired the moon and went to the lake, chatting and laughing.
10. Dongpo Fish
Su Shi was not only a literary master, but also good at food. In addition to the well-known Dongpo elbow, Su Shi was also good at cooking fish. The fish they cook is excellent. Once, Su Shi was so inspired that he cooked fish himself. Just after it was cooked, he saw Huang Tingjian coming in through the window (Huang Tingjian was one of the four great ancestors of Cai Sumi and Huang Zong in ancient China, and was a close friend of Su Shi. The two often quarreled for fun. ). Knowing that he was just trying to make ends meet, he hurriedly hid the fish on the top of the cupboard. Huang Tingjian came in and said, "Today I'm asking Brother Zizhan for advice. May I ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded with a long face: "Su, the grass is on the left and the fish is on the right." Huang Tingjian added: "Then this fish Can you put it on the right side?" Su Shi said, "Okay." Huang Tingjian then asked, "Can I put the fish on the top?" Su Shi said, "What's the point of putting the fish on the top of the cupboard?" Said: "Since Brother Zizhan also knows this truth, why do you still put the fish on it?!" Su Shi, who has always been quick-thinking, was completely messed up by Huang Tingjian this time!
11. Fruits and medicine
Soon after his marriage, Su Shi was invited to Huang Tingjian's house as a guest. When he got there, a servant rushed to ask him to go back immediately, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Huang Tingjian deliberately sarcastically recited: "Fortunately (apricot, jujube, plum), and calm (Cistanche deserticola is a traditional Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Su Shi didn't even look back, stepped on the saddle and walked away, saying as he walked: "But this matter (Nai, the genus of apple, sugarcane, persimmon) must be dealt with by Angelica sinensis (Angelica sinensis is the name of Chinese medicine)." Dongpo layman's talent is really admirable. .
12. The line between life and death
After Su Shi was imprisoned, Emperor Shenzong sent a young eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo in order to test whether he had any hatred for the emperor. During the meal during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate the meal with gusto and replied: "No matter how thunder strikes, my heart will remain unmoved!" At night, when he fell asleep, the little eunuch teased him again: "Sleep, Master Su." Why don't you sigh when you wait for a bed?" Su Shi ignored him and replied with a snore. The little eunuch woke him up early the next morning and said, "Congratulations, sir, you have been pardoned." You know, that night was extremely dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and strange behavior like not eating well or sleeping well, he will be in danger.
In fact, Emperor Shenzong was also a confused person. How could he not figure it out based on Su Shi's intelligence when he sent a eunuch?
14. The "bones" are not cold yet
One day, Su Shi and Foyin took a boat trip to Slender West Lake. Master Foyin suddenly took out a fan inscribed with the poems of Dongpo layman. Throwing it into the river, he shouted: "Poem (corpse) on the east slope of the river!" Su Shi was stunned for a moment, but he quickly pointed to the dog gnawing bones on the river bank and chanted: "The dog gnawed on the river (the monk) ) Bone!"
15. Eating grass on Dongpo
With nothing to do, Su Shi went to Jinshan Temple to visit Master Foyin. Unexpectedly, the master was not there, and a young novice came to open the door. Su Shi said proudly: "Where is the bald donkey?!". The little novice monk pointed calmly into the distance and replied: "Eat grass on the east slope!"
16. Couplet to retreat the enemy
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song people led the Liao State to invade. The imperial court, which was deliberately seeking peace, attracted an envoy from the Liao State and asked the Song people to answer the first couplet: three lights, sun, moon and stars. If the second couplet appears, the troops will be withdrawn and peace will be negotiated. This couplet seems simple, but it is not easy to understand. The numbers in the sentence correspond exactly to the things that follow, and the numbers selected in the couplet correspond to things that are more or less than three. Su Shi, who happened to be back in Beijing to report on his work, cleverly combined the upper and lower couplets with a stroke of his pen: Four poems in ode to elegance. The beauty of this couplet is that the "Four Poems" only have three names: "Ode to Fengya", because there are "Daya" and "Xiaoya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition to the four parts of "National Style" and "Ode to Poetry", "The Book of Songs" is also called the "Four Poems". The witty couplets are so perfect that the Liao envoy admired them greatly.
17. Among the three of us, one must be my teacher
Su Shi, his younger sister, and Huang Tingjian spent one day admiring paintings. It was interesting to see the inscription above: the gentle breeze represents thin willows, and the pale moon represents plum blossoms. It seems that it is a four-character couplet, but there is an empty word in the middle. My sister suggested adding words in the middle to form a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian's answer is: the thin willows dance in the breeze, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the pale moon. Su Shi added: The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the pale moon reflects the plum blossoms. The little girl thought for a moment and responded immediately, filling in the words to make it: The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the pale moon loses the plum blossoms. Looking at the couplets of the three people, the younger sister is the best: the word "help" not only writes the gentleness of the wind and the fragility of the willow, but also the intimacy between the wind and the willow, making it more vivid; The word "hidden" is appropriate. It not only emphasizes the brightness of the moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of the plum blossoms. It highlights the scene where the two merge into one color, which is more consistent and appropriate.
18. His plan
Su Shi’s best friend Foyin. Although he is a monk, he does not avoid food and wine. On this day, Foyin fried fish and drank wine, and Su Shi happened to come to visit. Foyin hurriedly hid the fish under the big chime (wooden fish). Su Shi had already smelled the fish fragrance and disappeared when he came in. Thinking of Huang Tingjian's trick that day, he suddenly thought about it and said deliberately: "I came to ask the master today, what is the next sentence of Xiangyang Mendi's spring is always there?" Foyin I was deeply surprised that my old friend read out an old and well-known sentence, so I said the following sentence casually: People who accumulate good deeds will be blessed. Su Shi put his palms in his hands and laughed: "Since there are fish in the chime (Qing), let's accumulate some kindness and use it to enjoy"
19. Wushan River
Once, Su Shi made an appointment with his younger brother Su Che and Master Foyin. The three of them traveled together, and Foyin improvised a sentence: Wushan is as good as Wushan. The key lies in the homophony of "wu" and "wu". Su Che said: How can a leaf be as round as a lotus leaf? After hearing this, Su Shi said to his younger brother: It is good to use the homophonic pronunciation of "He He" and "无武", but would it be better to change it to this: He water can be as clear as a river. After hearing this, Foyin and Su Zhe agreed. Using "water" against "mountain" would win the battle more steadily.
0. Little sister Lianqi
Su Shi, who had not seen his friend for a long time, invited Huang Tingjian to his home. When the little sister saw her brother going out to greet him in person, she made a joke about it. Yun: My brother invites Shuangyue to my door. "Double Moon" is combined into the word "Peng". Su Shi knew that the little sister was joking with him, so he immediately said: Little sister catches the wind in front of the window. "Half" is very appropriate for "double", and "wind" is for "moon". Interestingly, the traditional Chinese character for "风" is "风", and Banfeng means "lice", which means that the little girl is catching lice in front of the window. The little girl turned away in anger.
21. White rice and empty rice
After Su Shi returned to office, he once talked to Huang Tingjian: "When I was in prison, I ate three white rice every day, and it was still very delicious. There’s nothing more delicious than this!” Huang Tingjian curiously asked what three white rice was, and Su Shi replied: "A pinch of salt, a plate of raw radish, and a bowl of rice, this is 'three white rice'." Su Shi forgot about this. One day, I received an invitation from Huang Tingjian, inviting Su Shi to his home for a meal. Su Shi happily accepted the appointment and said to his wife: "Huang Tingjian is a scholar of the time and has read a lot. His rice bowl must be a rare thing.
But when Su Shi arrived at the place and found that there were only salt, radishes, and rice on the table, he suddenly realized that Huang Tingjian had been teasing him. A few days later, Huang Tingjian also received an invitation from Su Shi, inviting him to have a cuì meal. Huang Tingjian knew that Su Shi wanted to take revenge, but he was curious and wanted to know what the meal was, so he finally went. Su Shi chatted with Huang Tingjian from morning to night, making Huang Tingjian so hungry that his chest pressed against his back. I really can’t help but ask where is the meal? Su Shi replied slowly: "The salt is also hairy (mǎo, (无, meaning "without"), the radish is also hairy, and the rice is also hairy. Isn't it 'waste' rice? In fact, you have been enjoying it." Huang Tingjian was shocked Afterwards, the two of them laughed at the same time.
24. Going to Beijing to take the exam
It is said that Su Dongpo took a boat to take the exam in his early years. He encountered wind and waves on the way and missed the start of the exam. The master did not allow Su Dongpo to enter. Later, after hearing Su's story, he suddenly felt compassion and recited a couplet for him to answer. If he got it right, he would make an exception and allow him to enter the exam. The couplet given by the examiner was: "One couplet." Ye Xiaozhou carried two or three candidates and walked for 4-5-6 days by water. They arrived in Jiujiang very late. "Su Dongpo is worthy of a generation of talents. After a moment of thought, he responded to the second line: "Ten years of cold weather. I read ninety-eight volumes of poems, rushed through seventy-sixty-five examination rooms, and rushed to the second door. I must enter. "Use the order of sentences and the reverse order of couplets. There are scenes, processes, experiences, twists and turns. It's not dull, it can be regarded as a coincidence.
26. Can't bear to break it up
According to legend, Su Shi invited his neighbors to have a meal with a plate of fried sparrows. The guest ate three of them unceremoniously, and there was only one left. At this time, the neighbor said to Su Shi: "There is only one left. Eat it!" Su Shi said, "I can't bear to break them up, so you should eat them." Let’s go!”
27. Su Shi and Noodles
Su Shi was demoted to Hainan, and his younger brother Su Che was demoted to Leizhou. On May 11, the two met in Tengzhou, and they were surprised. I went to a roadside shop to eat noodles. Su Shi was open-minded and open-minded. He was able to adapt to the situation despite his melancholy. In a blink of an eye, he had eaten up all the "gross and inedible" noodles, but Su Che only took a few bites and put them down. Chopsticks sighed, and Su Shi teased him jokingly: "Do you still want to savor it carefully?
Writing Style
Su Shi's style of writing can be divided into three categories:
1. Bold style. This is the ideal style that Su Shi deliberately pursued. He integrated passionate and even sad emotions into his poems, and wrote portraits with generous and heroic images and grand and majestic scenes;
2. Broad-minded style. This is the style of poetry that best represents Su Shi's thoughts and personality;
3. Graceful style. Su Shi's graceful words account for the largest proportion in the total number of his words, and these words are pure in emotion. Deep and graceful, the style is healthy and lofty, and it is also an inheritance and development of traditional graceful words.