An exhortation

Zhuge Liang [Han Dynasty]

An exhortation

A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. If you are slow, you can't be energetic, and if you are dangerous, you can't be radical. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen?

~ ~ ~ Translation ~ ~ ~

People with moral cultivation cultivate their body and mind by inner peace, and cultivate noble character by saving money and property. You can't be clear about your ambitions without being quiet, and you can't achieve your lofty goals without excluding external interference. Learning must be calm and single-minded, and talent comes from diligent study. If you don't study, you can't grow your talents. If you don't have a clear ambition, you can't achieve something in your studies. Indulge in debauchery, passive neglect, can not promote the soul to refresh the spirit, rush to take risks, impatience, can not cultivate temperament. Time flies, and the will fades with the years. In the end, most of them are out of touch with the world and are not used by society. They can only be sadly trapped in their poor shacks. How can they regret it

~ ~ ~ Remarks ~ ~ ~

Attention: Warning, people are advised to be vigilant.

Zi: Generally speaking, it refers to Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang.

Books: letters.

Fu (fú): auxiliary word, used at the beginning of a sentence to indicate the beginning.

Gentleman: A person of noble character.

Line: refers to ethics, morality and conduct.

Quiet: Eliminate distractions and interference, and be quiet and single-minded.

Conjunction indicates that the latter is the purpose of the former.

Self-cultivation: self-cultivation.

Cultivate morality: cultivate moral quality.

Indifferent: indifferent to the heart, not seeking fame and fortune.

Nothing: nothing, no way.

Zhi Ming: Clear goals. Ming: Clear and firm.

Tranquility: This means being quiet, concentrating and not distracting.

Zhiyuan: achieve big goals. To: Realization.

Talent: talent.

Wide talent: increase talent. G: growth.

Success: realization, realization.

Idleness: indulgence and slackness.

Lust: indulgence. Slow: slack off.

Energetic: Cheer up. Encouragement: inspiring.

Adventure: frivolous and impetuous. In contrast to the "tranquility" above. Risk: lightness.

Governance: cultivate temperament. Governance: cultivation.

Time flies: Time flies. And: follow.

Chi: sprint, refers to the rapid passing away.

Intention is increasing day by day: will is lost with the years. Day: time.

Go: die, die.

Sui: Finally.

Wither: wither, wither. It is useless to compare one's old age with one's own.

Many people are out of line with the world: it shows that most people have no contribution to society.

A shack where the poor live.

What will happen: how can it be too late?

~ ~ ~ Appreciate ~ ~ ~

This is a letter from Zhuge Liang to his son Zhuge Zhan. From the text, we can see that Zhuge Liang is a noble and knowledgeable father, and his inculcation and infinite expectations for his son are all in this book. Through the words of wisdom, rationality, conciseness and preciseness, the full text expresses the father's love in the world, which has become a famous piece of self-cultivation and determination of future students.

Most of the ancient family instructions condensed the author's life experience, life experience and academic thoughts, from which not only his descendants benefited a lot, but also today's readers can benefit a lot. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms, was praised as "the embodiment of wisdom" by later generations. His Ten Commandments is also a family instruction full of wisdom and a masterpiece of ancient family instruction.

The main purpose of "The Book of Commandments" is to persuade my son to study hard and be determined, and to cultivate self-cultivation should work hard from indifference and tranquility, and avoid laziness and impatience. Summarize the experience of being a man and doing research, focus on the word "quiet", and at the same time attribute the failure to the word "mania", which is in sharp contrast.

In the Commandment, Zhuge Liang taught his son to be "quiet" and "quiet", encouraged his son to study hard and motivate himself, and made great efforts from his quiet cultivation. He said, "If you study quietly, you have to study. If you don't learn, you won't have a wide range of talents. If you have no ambition, you have no chance to learn. " It means that without stability and tranquility, you can't study hard for a long time in order to realize your lofty ideals. To gain real knowledge, you must study and discuss your body and mind in peace. People's talents are accumulated from constant learning. You can't grow and develop your talents without hard work; Without firm will, you can't succeed in your studies. Zhuge Liang educated his son not to be impetuous and behave absurdly. In the second half of the letter, he taught his son in a fatherly tone: if the young don't work hard, the old will be sad. This seems like a cliche, but it was taught by a loving father to his son. Every word is the truth in his heart and the summary of his life, so it is especially cherished.

This commandment book also points out the relationship between determination and learning; It not only explains the importance of tranquility and indifference, but also points out the harm of indulgence, neglect and extreme impatience. Zhuge Liang is not only strict with his son in general principles, but also shows subtle concern for his children in some specific matters. In this book of commandments, there is the power of tranquility: "quiet to cultivate one's morality" and "no peace is far away"; Have the power of thrift: "frugality and morality"; Have detached power: "not at home, absent-minded"; Have the power of eager to learn: "if you calm down and study, you must study"; Inspirational power: "no learning and no skills, no learning and no skills"; The power of speed: "If you are slow, you will not get excited"; Strength of character: "Danger can't cure sex"; Have the power to cherish time: "Time goes with the times, meaning goes with time"; Have the power of imagination: "if you become withered, you will not meet this world, you will stay in poverty, where will you return?" ; Have simple power.

There are only dozens of articles in this article, and the information conveyed is much better than a long speech. The article is short and pithy, fresh and elegant, unpretentious and approachable, which are the characteristics of this article.

~ ~ ~ Creation background ~ ~ ~

This article was written in 234 AD (the 12th year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty), and it was a letter from Zhuge Liang to his eight-year-old son Zhuge Zhan. Zhuge Liang dedicated his life to the country and died. He worked day and night for the national cause of Shu and Han and neglected to educate his son personally, so he wrote this letter to warn Zhuge Zhan.

~ ~ ~ knowledge of classical Chinese ~ ~ ~

First, keyword explanation

1, husband: The first word of the sentence needs no translation.

2, it: structural auxiliary words, yes.

3, line: conduct, integrity.

4, quiet: filter out distractions and interference, quiet and single-minded.

5. Thrift: Thrift.

6. raise: cultivate.

7, indifferent: no distractions, no fame and fortune.

8. Ming: I see.

9. Zhi Ming: Clear objectives.

10, wisdom: reach.

1 1, far: adjectives are flexible and ambitious as nouns.

12, Guang: Adjectives can be used flexibly as verbs, increasing.

13, talent: talent.

14, fornication: indulgence.

15, slow: slack off.

16, encourage: encourage.

17, risk: light.

18, manic: impetuous.

19, cure: cultivate one's morality. Governance: cultivation.

20 and: follow

2 1, Chi: Chong, that is, it will pass quickly.

22. Hey: Finally.

23. Withering: Withering and decaying. It's no use comparing with the old.

24. Poor people's homes: shacks where poor people live.

25, exhortation: exhortation, warning 26, book: letter.

Second, the word polysemy

Of:

Learning from time to time: pronoun refers to the knowledge learned.

A gentleman's journey: structural auxiliary, yes.

Use:

Self-cultivation by quietness: preposition, expressing purpose.

Peace is far away: preposition, used to

Pool:

Without indifference, there is no clear ambition: great ambition.

You can't learn without ambition: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and you are determined to win.

Understand:

Learning must be quiet: verb, learning.

Learning without ambition: nouns, learning

Cheng:

Become? You can't learn without ambition: achieve.

Become, become.

Ok:

Threesome: take a walk

Gentleman's Journey: Character and Honesty

Meaning:

Intention and death: will

Dig a tunnel and attack the rear: plan, want.

Leisure: expression, attitude

Third, the flexible use of parts of speech

1, pool

You can't learn without ambition: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and you are determined to win.

2. extensive

If you don't learn, you won't learn widely: adjectives are used flexibly and incrementally as verbs.

3. Far away

No peace, no distance: adjectives as nouns are flexible and ambitious.

~ ~ ~ About the author ~ ~ ~

Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), a native of Yang Du, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was a prime minister in Shu and Han Dynasties, an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang, and after his death, he pursued loyalty to Hou of Wuxiang. The Eastern Jin regime made him the King of Wuxing. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to the Shu-Han regime until he died. Representative prose works include A Teacher's Watch and The Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. He died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji) in 234. Zhuge Liang was highly respected in later generations, becoming a model of loyal ministers and the embodiment of wisdom. Chengdu, Baoji, Hanzhong, Nanyang and other places have Wuhou Temple, and Du Fu wrote Shu Xiang to praise Zhuge Liang.