Composition material accumulation: Confucius
People without faith do not know what they can do
Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng" "Confucius said: 'If a person has no faith, he does not know what is possible.'" Zheng Xuan notes: "He who does not know what is possible means that his words cannot be implemented." Kong Anguo's note: "If you don't believe what you say, the rest will be useless." Zhu Xi said: "If a person does not have a true and sincere heart, then everything he says is false." ("Zhu Zi Yu Lei") The recent scholar Jiang Boqian distinguished between trust and belief in two meanings: "What you say must be true; what you say must be practiced." ("Yu Lei") "Translated by Guang Jie") Confucius and later Confucian scholars attached great importance to trust, and "loyalty in words and sincerity in deeds" ("The Analects of Confucius, Duke Wei Linggong") was the Confucian principle of life.
Be slow in words but quick in deeds
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman wants to be slow in words and quick in deeds'". Bao Xian's note: "Nause means slowness. The desire to speak is slow and the desire to act is fast." Zhu Xi quotes Xie Liangzuo's note: "It is easy to speak, so one wants to be slow; it is difficult to act hard, so one wants to be quick." There are many synonyms in the Analects of Confucius. Sentences: "Be careful what you say, and you will have few regrets" ("Wei Zheng"), "The ancients did not say what they said, and they were ashamed to bow without catching it" ("Li Ren"), "A gentleman is ashamed of his words and goes beyond his actions" ("Li Ren") "Xian Wen"), etc., can all reflect Confucius' consistent thought of emphasizing conduct and caution in speech. See "Be sensitive to things but cautious in speaking."
Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'Virtue is never alone, it must have neighbors.'"
Be sensitive to things but cautious in words
Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "Confucius said: 'A gentleman has nothing to eat to satisfy himself, and a place to live without seeking peace of mind. He is quick to do things but cautious in speaking.'" Also in "The Analects of Confucius·Li Ren": "A gentleman wants to be slow in speaking but is sensitive to speech." Yu Xing". The meaning is the same. It means to be diligent and quick in doing things, but cautious in speaking. Zhu Xi's note: "Those who are quick at doing things will do what they can't do. Those who are cautious about speaking will not dare to use up all the rest." (Analects of Confucius) Another explanation: "Things are difficult to do, so you must be quick; words are easy to say, Therefore, be cautious." ("Zhu Zi Yu Lei") In addition, there are records of Confucius saying "Be careful not to speak out" in "Xunzi·Zidao", "Hanshi Waizhuan", "Shuoyuan·Miscellaneous Words" and other chapters.
Listen to his words and watch his actions
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang": "I am responsible for day and night. Confucius said: 'Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung soil cannot be smashed. Why should I be punished?' Confucius said: 'I have given it to others, and listened to them. "Believe what you say and follow what you do." "Shuo Yuan Zun Xian" records that Confucius said: "The way to learn from others is to observe their words and then observe their actions... Therefore, first observe their words and then observe their actions." "The Book of Rites of Dadai: The Virtues of the Five Emperors": "The Master said: 'I want to win people by their words, and then change them.'" This is the meaning of this chapter. Zhu Xi quoted Hu's note and said: Confucius said that one listens to words and observes actions, "that is why he established a teaching to warn the disciples, so that they can be careful in speaking and quick in deeds." ("Analects of Confucius")
Respect ghosts and gods. Far Away
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "Fan Chi asked Zhi, and Confucius said: 'The meaning of serving the people is to respect ghosts and gods and keep them at a distance. This can be said to be known.'" Zhu Xi's note: "Concentrate your efforts on what is appropriate for humanity, and do not be confused by the unknowable things of ghosts and gods. It is the work of those who know." ("Analects of Confucius") Liu Baonan of the Qing Dynasty interpreted this sentence as: "It is said to be respectful to ghosts and gods with courtesy." ("The Analects of Justice"). "Book of Rites·Biaoji": "Confucius said: 'Xia Dao respected orders, served ghosts, respected gods and kept them at a distance, stayed close to people but was loyal; people of Yin respected gods, led the people to serve gods, put ghosts first and then etiquette; people of Zhou respected etiquette and gave gifts, and served others Ghosts respect gods and stay away from them, and stay loyal to others." Combining the above words of Confucius to Fan Chi, it can be seen that Confucius held a different view of ghosts and gods from the Xia merchants, and taught Fan Chi to follow Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also proposed that ghosts and gods should not be looked down upon nor should they be close to them. This is contrary to his emphasis on human affairs before ghosts and gods in daily life and social activities ("The Analects of Confucius·Advanced": "Ji Lu asked about ghosts and gods, Confucius said: "If you cannot serve people, how can you serve ghosts?"
If you want to establish, you will establish others; if you want to achieve, you will reach others.
Confucius’ famous saying. From "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye", Confucius answered Zigong's question about benevolence and said: "A benevolent person, if he wants to establish himself, he will establish others, and if he wants to reach himself, he will help others. If he can draw examples from close friends, this can be said to be the way of benevolence." Zhu Xi's Annotations to the Analects of Confucius : "It is the heart of a benevolent person to treat oneself and others. Looking at it, one can see the flow of heaven's principles without any idleness." Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty's "Study Room Collection": "Do not tire of doing it, establish yourself and achieve it; be tireless in teaching others. , To establish a person is to be successful. To be successful is to be successful, just as he is to be successful in his country, and to be successful at home." This sentence means that if you want to stand still, you must be successful. If others can stand firm, if you want everything to work for you, you should also make everything work for others. This embodies the way of "forgiveness" advocated by Confucius, that is, the practical approach and method of "benevolence". The high standard of "forgiveness" is to do what you want by imitating others, which is to practice "benevolence" in a positive sense. The low standard is to extend what you dislike to others and not do it to others, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a negative sense. "Benevolence" (see "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), respecting yourself and others, observing yourself and knowing others, that is, recognizing the value of others and caring about the survival and development of others, which reflects the Confucian thought from another aspect. Humanitarian characteristics.
Tell without writing, believe but love the past
Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer": "Confucius said: 'Speaking without writing, trusting and loving the ancients, stealing from me, Lao Peng'."
""Hanshu·Rulinzhuan": Confucius "investigated the ancient and modern books" to narrate "Book", call "Yue", discuss "Poetry", because of Lu's "Spring and Autumn", and to read "Yi", "all because of the recent saints" To establish the teachings of the ancestors. Therefore, it is said that 'state without writing, believe in and love the ancients'". Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Confucius deleted the "Poems", "Books", Dingli, Yu, praised the "Book of Changes", and revised the "Spring and Autumn", all of which were passed on to the ancestors. "Old, but nothing has been done". This sentence means that the old chapters are passed down without creating, and the ancient culture is both obedient and fond of. "Not writing" and "loving the ancients" are Confucius's summary of his lifelong teaching and academic research career. At the same time, it also reflects his principle of organizing historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. Zhu Xi believes that Confucius "has done twice as much work as he has done" (ibid.). I think that Confucius actually said something and wrote something.
Being rich and noble through unrighteousness is like floating clouds to me
Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said. : 'Eating sparingly, drinking water, bending one's arms and lying on it, and enjoying it; being rich and noble without righteousness is like a floating cloud to me. It is what one has." Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius": "He regards unjust wealth and honor as floating clouds, and is indifferent to them." It means: the wealth and official position possessed by unjust means are of great significance to I am like the floating clouds in the sky. See also the same chapter in "The Analects of Confucius": "The Master said: 'Wealth can be sought after. Even if you are a man with a whip, I will do it. If it is not available, I will do what I like'"; "The Analects of Confucius· "Li Ren": "Confucius said: 'Wealth and honor are what people want. If you don't get it by following the way, you can't get it.'" Here Confucius reiterates his specific principles for viewing and seeking wealth, which must be consistent with ". "Righteousness" and "benevolence", if obtained contrary to these, it will be regarded as a fleeting smoke and unworthy. At the same time, it also shows his attitude and mind of living in poverty and being happy in poverty.
Being angry and forgetting to eat, being happy If you forget your worries, you won’t know that old age is coming
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Ye Gong asked Confucius about Zilu, and Zilu was wrong. Confucius said, "Nv Xibu said: As a human being, she is so angry that she forgets to eat, and she is happy and forgets her worries. She doesn't know that old age is coming." Zheng Xuan of the Han Dynasty's "Analects of Confucius": Talking about this talent encourages people to learn. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty "Analects of Confucius": "If you don't get it, you will be angry and forget to eat; if you get it, you will be happy and forget about worries; so the two are indifferent, and they will breed every day without knowing the lack of years. But he said that he is eager to learn and has a keen ear." The recent scholar Kang Youwei's "Analects of Confucius" notes: "If you forget to eat, you will not know poverty; if you forget to worry, you will not know suffering; if you forget old age, you will not know life and death; no perfect person can reach this point." The meaning of this sentence is: If you work hard and don't even remember to eat (you have learned something), you will be so happy that you will forget your worries and will not even notice that you are in the old state. This is actually the words of the Master's self-motivation. "The Master said: 'This is how benevolent the Book of Songs is. Walking on the country road, but abandoning the middle road, forgetting old age and not knowing the insufficiency of years. "Look down, there will be breeding every day, and then it will die." He was eager to learn throughout his life, advocated actively and promisingly, and diligently pursued the realization of the doctrine he founded. "If I give up halfway, I can't finish it" ("Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean"), This shows Confucius's constant self-improvement, perseverance and wise and optimistic attitude towards life.
Being gentle and gentle is a gentleman.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye": "Confucius said: 'If quality is better than literature, then you will be wild; if literature is better than quality, you will be history; if literature is better than quality, then you will be a gentleman'. "According to the meaning of the word, wen, literary talent; quality, simplicity; politeness, mixed appearance. Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius" of the Southern Song Dynasty: "A scholar of eloquence should make up for the deficiencies when he has more than his losses. As for becoming virtuous, it will happen unexpectedly." Qing Dynasty Liu Baonan's "Analects of Justice": "Etiquette has both quality and writing. The pledger is the foundation. Etiquette cannot be established without foundation, and it cannot be practiced without writing. If it can be established and practiced, this is what it means. "When Confucius said "wen", it refers to the external expression of conformity to propriety; "quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only by possessing the inner character of "benevolence" and being able to express it in conformity with "propriety" can one become " "Gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality, that is, the relationship between etiquette and benevolence. This one reflects the ideal personality of the "gentleman" that Confucius strives to advocate; the other reflects his consistent thought of the mean: that is, he does not advocate Partiality is better than writing, and we do not advocate partiality over quality; we should be impartial and impartial, and it is not easy to achieve the best of both worlds. "Confucius said: 'The quality of Yu and Xia is the same as the writing of Yin and Zhou. The writings of the Yu and Xia Dynasties are not as good as their quality; the quality of their writings is not as good as those of the Yin and Zhou dynasties; how can it be said that the writing quality is right? " ("Book of Rites·Biaoji")
A gentleman is magnanimous, while a villain has long-term relationships.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Shuer". "Shuowen": "Tan, An Ye. "Dangdang, the name for the vastness. Qi Qi, the name for the constant worries. A gentleman knows things well, so he treats people and things as if he is walking on a flat road, safe and comfortable. The villain's mind is always in service of things, worrying about gains and losses, so he often There is a sense of sympathy. Huang Kanshu quoted Jiang Xi as saying: "A gentleman is open-minded and unselfish. A villain is preoccupied with glory and gain, and cares about gains and losses, so he grows up to be a nobleman. Chengzi said: "The gentleman follows the principles, so he is always comfortable; the villain is busy with things, so he has many worries." "(See "Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi Zidao" states that a gentleman has a lifetime of happiness and no worries for a day, while a villain has a lifetime of worries and no happiness for a day. This has the same meaning.
When the years are cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither.
Confucius’ famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: When the years are cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither." Yu Dongliang's talent. Zhu Xi cited Xie Shangcai's note and said: "When a scholar is poor, he will know integrity, and when the world is chaotic, he will know his loyal ministers."
"("The Analects of Confucius") Xunzi compared pines and cypresses to a gentleman: "If the age is not cold, there is no way to know the pines and cypresses; if things are not difficult, there is no way to see that the gentleman is there all the time. "("Xunzi·Daliue") "Zhuangzi·Rangwang" quoted Confucius as saying: "A gentleman is said to be knowledgeable when he is in the way, and he is poor when he is poor in the way. How can he be poor if he embraces the way of benevolence and righteousness and suffers from the troubles of troubled times? Why? Therefore, one should introspect without being exhausted by the Tao, and should face difficulties without losing one's virtue. "
The wise do not be confused, the benevolent do not worry, the brave do not fear
Confucius's famous saying. "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: The wise do not confuse, the benevolent do not worry, the brave do not fear. fear. "The Analects of Confucius" quotes the note from "Shenjian·Miscellaneous Statements": "A gentleman is happy with heaven and knows his fate, so he has no worries; he can discern things clearly, so he is no longer confused; he is determined to serve the public, so he has no fear." "Also, the order of the three recorded in "The Analects of Confucius Xianwen" is different: "There are three ways of a gentleman, and I am incompetent: the benevolent do not worry, the knowledgeable do not be confused, the brave do not fear. Confucius humbled himself that he did not have the three virtues of knowledge, benevolence, and courage, but Zi Gong regarded him as having all three virtues, so he said: "Master has his own way." " ("Xian Wen")
If the people have no faith, they will not stand.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Since ancient times, there has been death, and if the people have no faith, there will be no standing." "This is Confucius's answer to Zigong's question about government. The people's trust and adequate food and sufficient soldiers are Confucius's policies to govern and strengthen the country. However, you can remove the soldiers and food, but you cannot make the people untrustworthy; the people's trust is the foundation. This is what Confucius said. The idea of ??sacrificing one's life to achieve benevolence has something in common with Mencius's idea of ??sacrificing one's own life for righteousness. Later Zhu Xi once said: "People will die without food, but death is inevitable for everyone." Without faith, even though you are alive, you will not be able to stand on your own feet, and it will be worse than death. Therefore, I would rather die than break faith with the people, so that the people would rather die than break faith with me."
The people are satisfied, and the ruler is deficient.
Confucius' famous saying. It comes from "The Analects of Confucius" ·Yan Yuan": "The people are satisfied, but who is the ruler? If the people are not enough, which king will be enough? "This is Confucius's disciple Youruo's answer to Lu Aigong's question: "There is hunger in the year and not enough money." What he said when he said that. That is to say, it is the Confucian thought of Confucius that "government is to make the people rich" ("Shuoyuan Zhengli"). Confucius believed that the people's wealth lies in low taxes and low taxes. "The poem goes: 'Kai Ti is a gentleman, The parents of the people have never been seen whose children are rich but their parents are poor." (ibid.). Zhu Xi noted: "If the people are rich, the ruler will not be poor; if the people are poor, the ruler will not be poor. If you deeply express the meaning of the unity of the monarch and the people, in order to stop the public's excessiveness and restraint, and to be a superior person, you should think deeply about it. "(Analects of Confucius)" "Therefore, the master of the Ming Dynasty must be careful to maintain its harmony, control its flow, open its source, and consider it at all times." Huangran ensures that the world will have more than enough, and the people above will not worry about lack. In this way, both the top and the bottom will be rich, and there will be nothing to hide. This is the ultimate understanding of the national strategy. "
The beauty of a gentleman in adulthood
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Confucius said: The beauty of a gentleman in adulthood is not the evil of adulthood. The villain is on the contrary. "Zhu Xi notes: "Those who succeed can do so through incentives, rewards and persuasion. "Dadaili: Zengzi Establishes Things": "A gentleman is good to himself and also enjoys the kindness of others." If you can do it yourself, you can also enjoy what others can do. "It is similar to the meaning of Confucius.
His body is upright, and he does not follow orders.
Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Confucius said: His body is upright, and he does not follow orders. However, his body is not upright and he does not obey orders. Confucianism has always believed that the one who is superior is "the one who leads the way and is righteous and wins the trust of the people." "If it is not upright, the people will not believe it." "("Book of Han Gongsun Hongzhuan") "This is the legislation of the old master. He first checked the formal instruments himself, so he ordered it to be implemented in the world. " ("Huainanzi·Zhushu")
Seeing small gains means big things will not happen
Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zilu": "Zixia was in charge of Ju's father, and asked politics. Confucius said: There is no desire for haste, no small gain. Haste makes waste; small gains mean big things will fail. "Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes": "Seeing the small is beneficial, then what you gain is small, and what you lose is big. " He also quoted Cheng Zi saying that Confucius knew that his disciple "Zi Xia's illness was always close to him", so he "told him what he wanted to do for himself" (ibid.). "The Analects of Confucius" quoted Xunzi as saying: "Benefit means benefiting the country and benefiting the people. . If a person in politics sees big profits, he must do well, but small ears should not be seen." "Dadai Liji·Four Dynasties": "It is good to see small profits, but it will hinder politics. "
If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius Taibo": "Confucius said: 'If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power'. ""Xian Wen" also has this saying. Its purpose is to "want everyone to concentrate on his position" (Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice"). It is also the consistent attitude of Confucianism. Zengzi said: "A gentleman cannot think about his position." "("The Analects of Confucius·Xianwen") Later Mencius also said that "it is a crime to speak of a high position if you have a low position"; "The Doctrine of the Mean" also has "A gentleman acts in his position and does not want to be outside of it", "If you are in a high position, you will not be in a mausoleum; "The inferior will not help the superior", both of which are similar to this article.
People who have no long-term worries must have immediate worries
Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius Said: If a person has no long-term worries, he must have immediate worries. "Analects of Confucius" Quotation: "The worry is not far away, and the worry is coming soon, so it is called near worry." "Xunzi·Dalue" says: "Think about things first and worry about troubles first." Thinking about things in advance is called taking over, and taking over will make things happen. The first thing to worry about is called hesitation, and hesitation means that disaster will not occur. Those who worry about things later are called trapped. If trapped, the disaster will be uncontrollable. "Confucianism attaches great importance to people's long-term and long-term thinking.
Be generous to yourself, but do not blame others
Confucius' famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said : If you are generous to yourself and blame others poorly, you will be far away from resentment. "This is to show "benevolence" to others.
Dong Zhongshu of the Western Han Dynasty expressed his opinion: "Govern people with benevolence, govern me with righteousness, be kind to oneself and be generous to others, this is what we call it." ("Chun Qiu Fan Lu·Benevolence and Righteousness Law") "Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Ju Nan" also said : "Therefore, when a gentleman blames others, he uses benevolence, and when he blames himself, he uses righteousness. When he blames others, he uses benevolence, and it is easy to do it. When he is easy, he wins people. When he blames himself, he uses righteousness to make it difficult to do wrong. When it is difficult to do wrong, he behaves in a disguised manner." Zhu Xi commented: "Rebuke yourself. If you are generous, your body will be bettered; if you blame others less, it will be easy for others to follow, so they will be resentful if they don't get it." ("Analects of Confucius")
A gentleman seeks everything from himself, while a villain seeks everything from others
Confucius’ famous sayings. The four views in "The Analects of Confucius" have the same purpose but slightly different texts. "Xueer" contains: "Confucius said: 'If you don't worry about others, you don't know yourself; when you worry, you don't know others.'" This means that you don't have to worry about others not knowing you. What you should worry about is that you don't know others. "Li Ren" writes: "Don't worry if you don't know what you know, you can know what you want to do." The previous sentence has the same meaning, and the second sentence means: I should worry about what I have for others to know. "Xian Wen" wrote: "If you don't worry about others, you don't know it. If you worry about it, you can't do it." "Wei Linggong" also wrote: "The gentleman is sick and incompetent, but if you don't know the patient, you don't know it." Zhu Xi's note: Confucius "On this matter , it has been said many times, and the meaning of Ding Ning can also be seen." ("Analects of Confucius") Wang Euzhi's note: "It can take away my name but not my ambition; it can trap me in circumstances but not trap me in the innocence of heaven and man." , there will be no trouble." ("Four Books")
Don't use words to promote people, and don't use people to waste words.
Confucius' famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "The Master said: Don't use words to lift people, don't use people to waste words." Bao Xian's note: "Those who have words do not have to be virtuous, so they cannot use words to lift people." Wang Su's note : "Don't discard good words without virtue." It means not to recommend someone because of their pleasant words, nor to despise someone because of their shortcomings. Confucius's prudent and comprehensive skills in raising people and listening to words were valued by later generations.
Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "Zhong Gong asked about benevolence, and Confucius said: When going out, it is like seeing a distinguished guest, and making the people feel like receiving a great sacrifice. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. No resentment in the country, no resentment at home." Confucius This means benevolence. "Wei Linggong": "Zi Gong asked: Is there anything you can say that can be implemented throughout your life? Confucius said: Forgiveness. Do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself." This is also about forgiveness. Confucius often used "forgiveness" to explain "benevolence". Zhu Xi's "Collected Annotations": "Forgiveness means respecting oneself and others." That is what Zigong said: "I don't want others to do anything to me, and I also want nothing to be done to others." ("Gongye Chang") Later Confucianism all emphasizes "Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you" in order to implement "benevolent government".
A small impatience will ruin a big plan.
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: Clever words mess up virtue, and small impatience messes up great plans." Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius": "Small impatience is like a woman's benevolence and a man's courage." He also said : "The benevolence of a woman cannot be tolerated by love; the courage of a man cannot be tolerated by anger, both of which can disrupt the great plan." (Volume 45 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei") The recent scholar Yang Shuda also divided into three meanings of intolerance: "cannot bear anger"; "Kindness cannot be tolerated, and kindness cannot be cut off by justice"; "Being stingy cannot bear to give up money" ("The Analects of Confucius").
People can promote Tao, but Tao cannot promote people.
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius, Lord Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'People can spread the Tao, but it is not the Tao that spreads people.'" It means that people can enlarge the Tao, but cannot use the Tao to enlarge people. Wang Su's note: "The Tao of those with great talent will be great, and the Tao of those with little talent will be small, so they cannot promote others." Zhu Xi's note: "There is no Tao outside people, and there is no one outside the Tao. However, the human heart is aware, but the Tao body is inactive; therefore, people can be great. The Tao cannot be greater than the person's." ("Analects of Confucius") Dong Zhongshu also quoted this sentence in "The Countermeasures of Heaven and Man", saying that it is up to oneself to control chaos, waste and prosperity. Today's Yang Bojun thinks it is inconsistent with willingness.
Do your best to obey the teacher
Confucius’ famous sayings. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "The Master said: 'Be benevolent and never yield to the teacher.'" "Be benevolent" has two interpretations: one is to face benevolence; the other is to shoulder the important task of realizing benevolence. Zhu Xi's note: "Being benevolent means taking benevolence as one's own responsibility. Even if you are a teacher, there is nothing inferior to you, but you should be brave enough to do it. To be benevolent, people have it and do it for themselves. There is no competition, so why should they be inferior?" (Analects of Confucius) The word "shi" is generally interpreted as "teacher". Qian Muxun, a recent man, was called "all the people".
Different ways should not lead to mutual conflict.
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong": "Confucius said: 'If the Tao is different, we should not seek each other'". "Historical Records·Bo Yi Zhuan" quoted this saying: "Different ways do not seek each other, and each of them follows his own ambition." "Lao Zhuang Shen Han Zhuan" said: "Those who study Lao Tzu in the world are inferior to Confucianism, and Confucianism is also inferior to Lao Tzu. "How can it be said that if the Tao is different, we should not conspire with each other?" Qian Mu, a recent scholar, has two interpretations. One is, "Gentlemen also have different opinions and deeds, but if they are the same as the Tao, they can conspire with each other. But villains violate the Tao. , there are good and evil, evil and righteousness, so it is difficult to conspire with each other." One is that "the Taoist arts, such as shooting and chastity, are each focused on their own, and they do not conspire with each other." ("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius")
To know is to know, and to know is not to know
Confucius’ famous saying. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius: For Politics": "The Master said: 'You! Do you know what you teach? Knowing it is knowing it, not knowing it is not knowing, this is knowledge.'" "Zhi" in "Zhiye" is the same as wisdom. Zhu Xi's annotation: "Zi Lu was very brave. He was so brave that he thought he knew what he didn't know, so his old husband told him." ("The Analects of Confucius") The record in "Xunzi·Zidao" can be evidenced: Zi Lu dressed up to see Confucius, and Confucius Said: "Today's women's clothes are rich and full of color. Who in the world is willing to admonish women?"
"Also said: "Therefore, when a gentleman knows something, he says he knows it; if he doesn't know it, he says he doesn't know it, and he says it is essential; if he can do it, he says he can do it; if he cannot do it, he says he can't do it, and he does it to the best of his ability. "Another chapter of "Confucianism" says: "When you know, you say you know it; when you don't know, you say you don't know it. You don't accuse yourself internally, and you don't deceive yourself externally. You respect the virtuous and fear the law and don't dare to be arrogant. This is the refined Confucianism. "
An ordinary man cannot seize his will.
Confucius' famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Confucius said: 'The three armies want to seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize his will.' ’” Kong Anguo’s note: “Although the three armies are numerous, but the hearts of the people are not unified, the generals can seize them; even though the men are weak, they can only maintain their ambitions, so they cannot be captured and seize them. Zhu Xi quoted Hou as saying: "The courage of the three armies lies in the people, and the ambition of the common man lies in himself." Therefore, the commander can be captured but the ambition cannot be captured. If it can be taken away, it is not enough to be called ambition. "("Analects of Confucius") Chapter "Li Xin·缁衣" also says: "Confucius said: 'Words have things and actions have patterns. Therefore, one cannot take away one's ambition in life, and one cannot take one's reputation in death'. "
To listen to the Tao and speak it in a way is to abandon virtue
Confucius's famous saying comes from "The Analects of Confucius·Yang Huo": "Confucius said: 'To listen to the Tao and to speak it in a way is to abandon the virtue' Abandon it. ’” Huang Kanshu said: “The study of memorizing questions is not enough to be a teacher. Teachers must review the past to learn the new, study it carefully for a long time, and then they can teach it to others. If you listen to the road, it will be said by people, and there will be a lot of fallacies. Therefore, it is abandoned by the virtuous. He also abandons his own virtue. Qian Mu, a recent scholar, said: "It is easy to hear the Tao, and it is easy to speak the Tao." Even if it enters Zi's ears and comes out of his mouth, even if he hears good words, he does not keep them as his own, and his virtue will never be achieved. "("New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius") "Xunzi·Daliue": "A gentleman does not speak when in doubt, and does not speak when he has not asked. The road is getting farther and farther. "It is similar to Confucius' objection to hearsay.