1. Background: World War I changed the balance of imperialist power, and the victorious countries demanded to carve up the world again.

Content: After the First World War, the victors such as Britain, France, the United States and Japan established an imperialist peace system through the Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference. 191918 ~1.1919 On June 28th, the Allies signed the Peace Treaty between the Allies and Germany, commonly known as the Peace Treaty between the Allies and Germany. Part of the terms of the peace treaty with Germany are as follows: ① Determine the Xinjiang border of Germany after the war. In addition to the return of Alsace and Lorraine to France, large areas of territory were ceded to Denmark, Poland and newly independent Czechoslovakia. (2) Germany abandoned all its overseas colonies and territories. Most of them were divided up by Britain, France and Japan in the form of League of Nations trusteeship. For example, the Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands north of the equator in the German Pacific Ocean were occupied by Japan. South of the equator, New Guinea was placed under the British rule of Australia, and Samoa was assigned to New Zealand. Germany, southwest Africa and East Africa, Tanganyika belong to Britain; Togo and Cameroon were divided between Britain and France. (3) limit Germany's armaments and determine Germany's war reparations. In addition, the allies also signed peace treaties with Germany's allies respectively. (1910) In September 2009, the Allies signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain with Austria, stipulating that Hungary would become an independent country from Austria, and Austria would recognize Czechoslovakia and Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia. 1919165438+1On October 27th, the Allies signed the Neuilly Treaty with Bulgaria, ceding large territories to Romania, Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia and Greece respectively, and lost their exports to the Aegean Sea. 1920 On June 4th, the Allies signed the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, and Hungary allocated about two-thirds of its territory to Romania, Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia, Czechoslovakia and Austria. 1920, 10 In August, the Allies signed the Seiver Treaty with the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire lost about three quarters of its territory, most of which became colonies or protectorates of Britain, France and other countries under the trusteeship of the League of Nations. The above-mentioned series of peace treaties concluded by the Allies with Germany and its allies constitute the imperialist Versailles system.

Function: First of all, the Versailles system changed the political situation in Europe. Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were founded; Part of the territory of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire was ceded to Italy and part was returned to Poland. Germany's borders were redrawn. Secondly, the Versailles system changed the political pattern in the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire lost more territory and territory, leaving only Istanbul in Europe and Asia Minor in Asia as a single nation-state. Third, the colonies were re-divided. Germany's overseas colonies and the territory of the Ottoman Empire were divided by the victorious countries in the form of "mandate rule". In short, the Versailles system established a new order for imperialism to rule Europe, the Middle East and Africa on the basis of the superior position of Britain and France, punished the defeated countries led by Germany and slaughtered the weak nations.

Washington style

1 background: American diplomatic attention turned to the western Pacific.

Japan's dominance over China has intensified the contradiction between the United States and Japan.

The United States, Japan and Britain hope to limit naval military competition

Calm China's anti-imperialist anger and safeguard the interests of great powers in China.

Content 2: The second scientific and technological revolution, which started at 1870, pushed mankind into the electrification era. The Versailles-Washington system in the electrification era shook the international stage centered on Europe. After World War I, Britain and France won the war but lost their advantages, while the United States and Japan rose day by day. The central stage of international relations began to shift to both sides of Europe, namely America where the United States is located and Asia where Japan is located. The pattern of international relations gave way to the pattern of Britain dominating the world, and the balance of power in Europe gave way to Britain and France dominating the world and the United States and Japan vying for hegemony. The Versailles-Washington system was formed. After World War I, the victorious countries held a peace conference in Paris, France. The Treaty of Versailles signed at the meeting and the peace with Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey and Hungary are called the Paris Peace Treaty, which constitutes post-war European imperialism. 192 1 year, nine countries, including the United States and Britain, held a meeting in Washington, D.C., and signed a four-country treaty, a five-country treaty and a nine-country convention, which constituted the post-war imperialist ruling order in the Middle East and the Pacific, and was called the Washington system. However, although the system established imperialist rule in the East and the West, it was incomplete, leaving the world with two unresolved issues. Namely, German reparations and European security. After World War I, Germany demanded to postpone the payment of reparations on the pretext of being unable to repay its debts, so France joined forces with Belgium to send troops to occupy Ruhr-gebiet, Germany. However, instead of getting due compensation, France paid a lot of military occupation fees, which led to the Ruhr crisis. So the initiative of reparations shifted from France to Britain and America, especially the United States. The United States put forward the German compensation plan, that is, the Dovis plan. After the implementation of the Dovis plan, the dollar flooded the European market: Germany from Germany. Then repay the reparations of Britain and France, and Britain and France repay the debt reparations that Germany owed to the United States during the war. As a result, the American dollar not only restored the European economy, but also manipulated the European economic market. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, Alsace and Lorraine, which were separated by various countries in the Franco-Prussian War, were recovered by France, and the Saar mining area in Germany was occupied by France in 15. The west bank of the Rhine was occupied by allied forces, and Germany was not allowed to fortify within 50 kilometers of the east bank of the Rhine, so both sides of the Rhine became unarmed zones. However, France did not rest easy. It organized small European allies to form an encirclement of Germany. 1925, seven countries of Britain, France and Italy held a meeting in Locarno, Switzerland, to solve European security problems and improve Germany's political status. The Dovis Plan and the Locarno Convention rewritten the politics and political policies of the Versailles system.

Role: A new imperialist order was established in East Asia and the Pacific.

Japan has limited expansion in the Asia-Pacific region.

China became the object of the imperial massacre.

Common influence of Fan Hua system:

1 has brought temporary stability and prosperity to the world.

But there is a potential war crisis.

3. Changed the international political pattern (the regional political pattern has changed and the political center has shifted).

They are all made by themselves, and I hope to adopt them. (It is summarized according to what our teacher said, with certain accuracy)