Mr. Taiyan [4] said it very well. Today's spoken language is not a language that fell from the sky overnight. Of course, there are many old sayings in it. There are old sayings, and of course there are many found in ancient books. If you are a vernacular speaker, it is indeed many times more difficult to find this word in Shuo Wen Jie Zi for every word than in classical Chinese with borrowed words. But since advocating vernacular Chinese, no advocate thinks that the main purpose of writing vernacular Chinese is to find words from "primary schools", so we use established loanwords. As Mr. Taiyan said, "When you meet an acquaintance, you greet each other and say' yes',' yes' means' Hu'; It should be called' yes', and' yes' means' yes'. " But even if we know these two words, we don't need "good" or "yes", we will still use "good" or "yes". Because the vernacular is written for modern people, not for ghosts in Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties, we don't flinch from reading the ancients underground. Therefore, Mr. Taiyan's third strategy is actually irrelevant. The reason is that Mr. Wang has used the primary school he specializes in too widely.
Our knowledge is limited, and everyone is willing to listen to the advice of celebrities, but then a question comes: Is it better to listen to knowledgeable people or experts? The answer seems simple: everything is fine. Nature is good; However, after listening to the various explanations of the two companies, I feel that I must be quite vigilant. Because it is: the words of knowledgeable experts are shallow and the words of experts are contradictory.
The words of knowledgeable experts are self-evident, but the words of experts are self-contradictory, so we have to add a little explanation. Their contradiction is not necessarily to talk about their major, but to talk about things outside their major in the name of an expert. Society respects celebrities, so it thinks that celebrities' words are famous words, but it forgets what kind of knowledge or occupation his name came from. Celebrities are seduced by worship and forget what kind of study or occupation they got their names from. They gradually think that everything is invincible. They talk about everything, so they oppose it. In fact, apart from his professional knowledge, an expert is often not as knowledgeable as a person with knowledge or common sense. Mr. Taiyan is a revolutionary pioneer and a master of primary school. If he talks about literature and Shuowen, of course he can listen to it, but he is wrong to attack the current vernacular. This is an example. There is also a famous socialist Dr. Jiang Kanghu [5]. I don't know what his socialism is like. Only this year, I got carried away. Speaking of primary schools, I said, "What is the old word' virtue'?" , from "?" From' heart','?' That is intuition ",but I really don't know where it is. He didn't even understand that the first half was incorrect [6]. This explanation, but you have to listen to Mr. Taiyan.
However, in society, it is probably always considered that the words of celebrities are famous words. Since you are a celebrity, you know everything. Therefore, translate a European history, ask celebrities who speak English beautifully to review it, compile an economics book, and ask celebrities who do well in ancient Chinese to sign it; Dr. Shao Jie, an academic celebrity, said that he was "good at Huang Qi" [7], while business celebrities praised the painter, saying that he "studied six methods" [8]. ..... this is also a common problem now. German cytopathologist Virchow [9] is a leading figure in the medical field and a well-known celebrity in China. His position in the history of medicine is extremely important. However, he didn't believe in evolution, and his speech was used by Christians. According to Heckel [10], it had a lot of bad influence on the public. Because he is knowledgeable and famous, he thinks highly of himself. He thinks that what he doesn't understand can't be solved by anyone from now on, and he doesn't study evolution deeply, so he owes it to God. Fabres (1 1), a French entomologist introduced from China for many times, also has this tendency. His works also have two shortcomings: one is to laugh at anatomists, and the other is to use human morality in the insect world. But without anatomy, you can't have his careful observation, because the basis of observation is anatomy; It is reasonable for agricultural scholars to divide insects into beneficial insects and pests according to their interests to human beings, but it is redundant to divide insects into good insects and bad insects according to human morality and laws at that time. Some serious scientists criticized Faber without reason. However, if we pay attention to these two points first, then his masterpiece Insect is still a very interesting and worth reading.
The pernicious influence of celebrities is more serious in China, which is the sequela of imperial examinations. Confucian scholars at that time were wondering what high-profile lectures had to do with countries around the world, but once they reached the top, they really became famous in one fell swoop. He can make history, read articles, live among the people and manage rivers. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, running a school, opening a coal mine, training a new army, making wars, building ships, innovating politics, and going abroad for inspection were even more obvious. How's the grade? I don't need to say more.
The root cause of this disease has not been eliminated so far, and 10% people will "fly all over the sky". I think, from now on, we should separate "celebrity words" from "celebrity words", and celebrity words are not all celebrity words; Many famous sayings come from the mouth of Tian Ye. In other words, it is necessary to distinguish which door a celebrity is named after, but be wary of his talk outside his major. Students in Suzhou are very clever. They asked Mr. Taiyan to talk about Chinese studies [12], but they didn't ask him to talk about bookkeeping or infantry coding-it's a pity that people refused to think more carefully.
I apologize for always involving Mr. Tae-yeon this time. However, "smart people sometimes take a nap", which probably didn't hurt Yu Xiansheng's "when is the bright moon". As for what I said, but I think, "A fool gets what he thinks", and Gai also "hangs on the sun and moon and doesn't publish it" [13].
The first of July.
make a copy for
[1] This article was first published on1July 20, 935 in the ninth issue of Taibai Biweekly, Volume II, under the signature of Ding Yue.
[2] See Note [6] on page 2 14 of this volume for Taibai. Chen Wangdao (1890— 1977), a native of Yiwu, Zhejiang, is a scholar. He used to be the editor-in-chief of New Youth magazine and the dean of the School of Literature of Fudan University. The Third Policy of Conservative Classical Chinese was published in the seventh issue of Taibai, Volume II on June 20th, 935/kloc-0. At the beginning, it said, "In the past, there were two strategies to preserve classical Chinese. ..... Until recently, Zhang Taiyan proposed that vernacular Chinese is more difficult than classical Chinese, which is barely the third way. " Later, Zhang Taiyan was quoted as saying: "If you want to make a narrative voice, you must record the local dialect. This is true of classical Chinese, and so is vernacular Chinese ... Language cannot be confined to the capital, but must be widely used in local dialects. However, if it is not a child prodigy primary school, how can it be written in vernacular Chinese? Ordinary words help, such as' Yan, Zai, Hu, Ye'. In today's vernacular, we don't need' Yan and zai', but still use' Hu and Ye'. Greet an acquaintance at first sight and say' good',' ah' means' Hu'; It should be called' yes' and' yes' means' yes'. In classical Chinese, the word "fu" is used at the end of the sentence ... that is, the word "ba" in vernacular Chinese ... the word "yi" is changed to "Li", ... "Hu, Ye, Fu and Yi", but the voice changes slightly. The logical application of "Hu, Ye, Fu and Yi" is not applicable. (According to Zhang Taiyan's words, see his speech "The Relationship between Vernacular Chinese and Classical Chinese". )
[4] Taiyan is Zhang's person. See note [30] on page 107 of this volume and "The last part of the essay about Mr. Taiyan's two or three things".
[5] Jiang (1883— 1954) was born in Yiyang, Jiangxi. During the Revolution of 1911, he organized the "China Socialist Party" to speculate, and became a traitor during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, serving as the president of the Wang Puppet Government Examination Institute. 1In February, 935, he initiated a paper preservation meeting aimed at "preserving Chinese characters and classical Chinese" in Shanghai. Here are some of his "talking about primary schools", which he said in March of the same year when he was "giving lectures" in Shanghai.
[6] "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" Volume 10: "? What is obtained from the outside is obtained from the inside of people. From the heart. Cut more. " Volume 12: "? , yes, from ten eyes. Soso said, Yin Ye, you can see with ten eyes today, right? Yes In addition to forced cutting. "
[7] Huang Qi refers to ancient famous doctors. Yellow is the Yellow Emperor, named Xuanyuan, the legendary ancient emperor; Qi is Qi Bo, the legendary ancient famous doctor. Huangdi Neijing is a famous medical ancient book, which was written by doctors in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties in the name of Huangdi and Qi Bo. Among them, in the part of Su Wen, the pathology was discussed in the form of a question and answer between Huangdi and Zeebe. Therefore, later, people with good medical skills were often called "Qi Huang with good medical skills". [8] The six methods of Chinese painting were previously called "six methods". In the Catalogue of Ancient Paintings, Sheikh of the Qi Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties said: "There are six ways to paint ... one is vivid; The method of using two bones with a pen is also; The pictographs of three things are also; The same is true of four-level coloring; 5. The place of business is also; The six-turn mode is also true. " [9] Wei Erxiao (1821-1902) translated by Wei. German scientist and political activist, founder of cytopathology. He supported Darwinism in his early years, but later strongly opposed Darwinism. Cell Pathology and other authors.
[10] Heckel (1834— 19 19) is a German biologist, a defender and propagandist of Darwin's theory of evolution. His major works are The Mystery of the Universe and The History of Human Development.
[1 1] Faber (1823— 19 15) is a French entomologist. His book Insects, published in 19 10, is a book introducing insect life forms in a lively style. At that time, there were several translated versions of festivals in China, such as Tales of Science in Fabres, Tales of Insects and Tales of Insects.
Around [12] 1933, Zhang Taiyan founded the Zhang Guoxue Research Society in Suzhou to teach Chinese studies. He said in the inaugural issue of Yan Zhi (1September, 935): "I returned to my old capital in the 21st year of the Republic of China and taught in Wuzhong for three years."
[13] "Hanging the Sun and Moon without Publishing" comes from Yang Xiong's answer to Liu Xinshu in the Han Dynasty. In this letter, Zhang praised his manuscript of Dialect: "It is a book hanging in the sun and the moon." Publishing, here means falling.