Bruner's cognitive structure perspective: Learning is achieved by actively constructing and reconstructing cognitive structures.

1. Expanding knowledge

Bruner believes that learning is not just a passive reception of information, but a process in which the subject actively participates. In addition, Bruner also proposed constructivist learning theory, which emphasized that learning is the product of social interaction and cultural environment. He believes that the learning process is achieved through interaction with others, social situations and cultural inheritance.

2. Bruner proposed several important theoretical perspectives on cognitive structure

1. Concept reconstruction: Learners gradually construct new concepts by comparing and adjusting existing concepts. , more complex concepts. This process of conceptual reconstruction is at the heart of learning.

2. Cognitive conflict: Cognitive conflict may occur during the learning process, that is, there is a contradiction between new information and existing cognitive structures. By resolving conflicts, learners can promote the restructuring and deepening of cognitive structures.

3. Social and cultural factors: Bruner believes that learning is the product of social interaction and cultural environment. Learners gain knowledge and understanding through interaction with others and participation in social activities and cultural practices.

Bruner's cognitive structure theory emphasizes the initiative and participation of learners, as well as the influence of social and cultural environment on learning. This theory provides a framework to help us understand the process of learning and knowledge construction, and provides guidance for educational practice and teaching methods.

3. Introduction to Bruner

Jerome Seymour Bruner, born in New York, USA in 1915, is an American educational psychologist and cognitive psychologist. has conducted extensive research on cognitive processes.

He has written many works on word learning, concept formation and thinking. He has made contributions to the systematization and scientificization of cognitive psychological theory. He is a pioneer of cognitive psychology and is committed to integrating psychological principles. A typical representative who practices education, he is also known as the person who has the greatest influence on American education after Dewey.

In 1962, he received the Outstanding Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association. In 1965, he was elected president of the American Psychological Association. From 1972 to 1980, he was a professor at Oxford University. He has been a professor at New York University since 1980. The Washington Post published an obituary stating that Professor Brunner died of illness at his home in New York on June 5, 2016, at the age of 100.