The word "planning" first appeared in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty? "Qi Kui Biography" in the sentence "finally apply for fame and fortune, plan to recover". The word planning has the meaning of planning, planning, strategy, planning, strategy and countermeasure in ancient times.
At present, the word planning we refer to has been given another meaning. It should be said that it is both modern and profound than the ancient understanding, and its main meanings are as follows:
1, Japanese planner Tianchuang believes that planning is the wisdom to get better results through practical activities, and it is an act of intellectual creation.
2. According to Harvard Business Management Series, planning is a procedure, which is "essentially a rational behavior using brain power".
3. Planning is a preparatory process for making decisions on future actions.
4. Planning is a process of conception or rational thinking.
5. Chen Fang's "planning" holds that planning refers to the use of human wisdom to predict, analyze and effectively accomplish what will be done in the future.
6. The book "Organization and Management Technology" holds that planning is to decide what to do in advance.
7. The book Public Administration holds that planning is essentially a better decision-making means and a prerequisite for action. In its view, planning includes determining the purpose of an institution or enterprise and the best means to achieve it. Planning can affect managers' decision-making and budget during its operation. In short, planning is management.
8. The book "Management Principles-Analysis of Management Functions" holds that planning is the function of managers to choose target policies, procedures and career planning from various schemes.
9. Planning is the simplest and most natural thinking process for human beings to set goals through thinking.
10. Planning is strategy and planning. It is a creative social activity process, which is based on the investigation and analysis of relevant materials, systematically and comprehensively conceiving and planning a future work or event in advance according to certain procedures, formulating and selecting a reasonable and feasible implementation plan, and modifying and adjusting the plan according to the target requirements and environmental changes.
1 1, the famous planning expert Ye Maozhong believes that marketing planning is a skill to sell the right products to the right consumers in the right place at the right time.
12, Zhu Yutong, a famous planning expert in Shenzhen, believes that planning is to creatively solve problems related to management and marketing, and of course it can also be extended to some non-profit organizations, such as sports meetings and government agencies. I think in a broad sense, in fact, all work will encounter planning problems, which is a process of thinking. When a problem cannot be solved by conventional methods, creative thinking is needed to solve these seemingly unsolvable problems satisfactorily.
13, Shu Chun, a senior planning expert, believes that the benefit is the most important and the harm is the least, and its "taking" is planning. Another example is "the best policy, the middle policy and the worst policy", that is, following the operating law of the objective world, subjectively proposing and refining the strategies and methods to achieve the highest value goal. Planning has a long history in China. In ancient times, he was a strategist, strategist and counselor, but now he is a planner and planner. As an independent industry, "planning" is a recent thing, and it is the fruit of wisdom and spiritual product in the era of knowledge economy.
14, Xu Dianlong, a senior reporter of Xinhua News Agency, believes that planning is a challenging job. In a sense, no job is full of all-round challenges and excitement like planning, full of hardships and happiness felt from the bones. So I said that planning is a career full of all-round challenges, a career that can't have any selfish distractions, a career that can't tolerate "filling in the blanks", and a career that can forge and surpass itself.
15, Zhang Hongyan, the former planning director of Bosideng Enterprise, believes that planning is a "masterpiece" of "inspiration" condensed by rich knowledge and experience, extensive information, bold creation and scientific argumentation.
16, Wang Shusen, a senior planning expert in Chongqing, believes that planning is a systematic and rational activity process of "three points thinking and seven points science". Planning has three basic attributes, namely, goal, creativity and operability.
17, Han Zhihui, the planning director of Xiaoya Group, thinks: planning = sufficient information+extensive knowledge+creative thinking.
18, Nie, a senior planning expert in Beijing, believes that in the era of product homogenization, planning is to create market differences different from others.